VII.

Observation result

Experiment 1
a. Reaction of transition metals ion with NaOH solution 1M
Observation
formula of Formula of
Salt After adding drop by After adding excess
Before reaction compound that complex ion that
drop of NaOH NaOH
produced produced
Formed white Pale blue precipitate
CrCl3 Dark blue solution [Cr(H2O)3(OH)3] [Cr(H2O)2(OH)4]-
precipitate (2 drops) (++) (6 drops)
Light brown
Formed white precipitate (++) and
MnSO4 [Mn(H2O)4(OH)2] [Mn(H2O)3(OH)3] -
Colorless solution precipitate (1 drop) pale yellow solution
(5 drops)
Dark green precipitate
Formed dark green
Fe(NH3)2SO4 Light yellow [Fe(H2O)4(OH)2] (++) and green [Fe(H2O)3(OH)3] -
precipitate (1 drop)
solution solution (6 drops)
Dark orange
Dark orange
FeCl3 [Fe(H2O)3(OH)3] precipitate and orange [Fe(H2O)2(OH)4] -
Pale yellow solution precipitate (1 drop)
solution (6 drops)
Formed blue Dark blue solution (4
CoCl2 [Co(H2O)3(OH)3] [Co(H2O)4(OH)2] -
Pale red solution precipitate (1 drop) drops)

NiCl2 Formed white Pale tosca precipitate

[Ni(H2O)4(OH)2] [Ni(H2O)4(OH)2]
Pale green solution precipitate (3 drops) (2 drops)
 Dark blue precipitate
Formed blue
CuSO4 [Cu(H2O)4(OH)2] and blue solution (5 [Cu(H2O)3(OH)3] -
Light blue solution precipitate (1 drop)
drops)
Formed white White precipitate and
ZnCl2 Colorless solution [Zn(H2O)4(OH)2] [Cu(H2O)3(OH)3] -
precipitate ( 3 drops) colorless solution

b. Reaction with ammonia solution 2M

Observation
Formula of Formula of
Salt After adding drop After adding excess
Before reaction compound that complex ion that
by drop of NH3 NH3
produced produced
CrCl3 Formed green pastel Pale blue precipitate [Cr(NH3)6]2+
Dark blue solution [Cr(H2O)3(OH)3]
precipitate (1 drop) (3 drops)
MnSO4 Colorless solution Formed white Tosca precipitate [Mn(NH3)3(H2O)3]2+
[Mn(H2O)4(OH)3]
precipitate (4 drops)
Fe(NH3)2SO4 Formed grrenish Greenish black [Fe(NH3)4(H2O)2]2+
Light yellow solution [Fe(H2O)4(OH)2]
black precipitate solution (3 drops)
FeCl3 Formed brownish Brown precipitate [Fe(NH3)6(H2O)2]2+
Pale yellow solution [Fe(H2O)3(OH)3]
orange precipitate (5 drops)
CoCl2 Greenish black [Co(NH3)6]2+
Formed green
Pale red solution [Co(H2O)3(OH)3] precipitate
precipitate
(3 drops)
NiCl2 Pale green solution Formed soft green Soft blue solution [Ni(NH3)4(H2O)2]2+
[Ni(H2O)3(OH)3]
precipitate (4 drops)
 CuSO4 Formed blue Dark blue solution [Cu(NH3)4(H2O)2]2+
Light blue solution [Cu(H2O)4(OH)2]
precipitate ( 1drop) (5 drops)
ZnCl2 Formed precipitate Colorless solution [Zn(NH3)6(H2O)2]2+
Colorless solution [Zn(H2O)4(OH)2]
(1 drop) (5 drops)

c. Reaction with NH4CNS 0,1M solution

The color of NH4CNS solution : colorless solution

Observation
Salt
Before reaction After added with NH4CNS The formula of complex ion
CrCl3 Dark blue solution Dark blue solution -
MnSO4 Colorless solution Colorless solution -
Fe(NH3)2SO4 Light yellow solution Reddish brown solution [Fe(SCN)]2+
FeCl3 Pale yellow solution Brownish red solution [Fe(SCN)]2+
CoCl2 Pale red solution Soft pink solution -
NiCl2
Pale green solution Soft green solution -
CuSO4 Light blue solution Soft green solution [Cu(SCN)]2+
ZnCl2 Colorless solution Colorless solution -
 Blank solution
Observation
Salt
Before reaction After added by water
CrCl3 Dark blue solution Blue solution (-)
MnSO4 Colorless solution Colorless solution (-)
Fe(NH3)2SO4 Light yellow solution Light yellow (pale) (-)
FeCl3 Pale yellow solution Pale yellow solution (-)
CoCl2 Pale red solution Pale red solution (-)
NiCl2 Pale green solution Pale green solution (-)
CuSO4 Light blue sollution Light blue solution (-)
ZnCl2 Colorless solution Colorless solution (-)
Experiment 2 : the formation of complex ion
a. Cr (III) complex
The color of CrCl3.6H2O solution : dark blue solution
The color of CrCl3.6H2O solid : green solid
The color of reagent Formula of complex ion
Reagent that added Observation after reacted
that added that produced
Na2C2O4 solid Colorless solution Dark green solution [Cr(C2O4)3]3-
The structure of complex ion :
b. Fe (II) complex
The color of ferro sulphate solid : blue-green crystal
The color of ferro sulphate solution : yellow solution
Observation
Salt Formula of complex ion that
After added by 1,10 phenanthroline crystal
produced

FeSO4 + aquadest yellow solution become soft yellow solution [Fe(1,10 Phenantroline)3]2+

Structure of complex ion :

c. Fe(III) complex
The color of FeCl3 solid : yellow solid
The color of FeCl3 solution : pale yellow solution
Observation
Salt After added by drop by drop Formula of complex Formula of complex
After added by Na2C2O4
NH4CNS ion that produced ion that produced
FeCl3 Reddish brown precipitate Fe(CNS)3 Red solution Fe(C2O4)

After added by excess NH4CNS ( 4 drops) the color of solution : red solution
The structure of complex ion

FeCl3(aq) + 3NH4CNS(aq)  Fe(CNS)3(aq) + 3NH4Cl

Fe(CNS)3(aq) + Na2C2O4(aq)  Fe(C2O4)(aq) + 2Na+ + CNS-

d. Co (II) complex
The color of CoCl2 solid : red solid
The color of CoCl2 solution : pale red solution
Formula of complex ion
Reagent that added The color of reagent Observation
that produced
Ethylendiamin Colorless Pink solution (4 drops) [CoCl2(en)2]Cl
Na-EDTA solution Colorless Pale orange (4 drops)
Structure of complex ion :
e. Ni(II) complex
The color of Ni(Cl)2 solid : green solid
The color of Ni(Cl)2 solution : light green solution

Reagent that Formula of complex ion

The color of reagent Observation
added that produced
Ethylendiamin Colorless solution Light blue solution
[Ni(en)3]2+

Dimethylglioksime Colorless solution White solution with pink hablur

[Ni(DMG)]2+

Na-EDTA solution Colorless solution Light blue solution

[Ni(EDTA)2]2+

Structure of complex ion :

f. Cu(II) complex
The color of CuSO4.5H2O solid : blue solid
The color of CuCl2.2H2O solid : green solid
Reagent that The color of Formula of complex ion
Observation
added reagent that produced
Ethylendiamin Colorless solution Dark blue solution [Cu(en)2]2+
Na-EDTA solution Colorless solution Blue solution [Cu(EDTA)2]2+
Structure of complex ion :
Experiment III
a. The changes from Fe2+ to Fe3+
The color of fero sulphate solid
The color of fero sulphate solution
Procedure
Adding HNO3 concentrated 3
drops
After heated 1-2 minuutes
After cooled
Adding NaOH solution 2 M
: blue-green solid
: light yellow solution
Observation Formula of complex ion / reaction that happened
Light yellow solution Fe2+(aq) + HNO3(aq) + 3H+  Fe3+ + NO(g) + 2H2O(l)
Yellow solution
Light yellow
Orange solution (precipitate) Fe3+ + NaOH  Fe(OH)3(s)
b. The changes from Cr6+ to Cr3+
The color of K2Cr2O7 solid : reddish orange crystal
The color of K2Cr2O7 solution : light orange solution
Formula of complex ion / reaction that
Procedure Observation
happened
Heating process Orange solution
Adding Zn solid Orange solution, Zn dissolve in K2Cr2O7
solution
Adding HCl concentrated Orange solution K2Cr2O7 (aq) + 14HCl (aq)  2Cr3+ +
3Cl2 + 2K+ + 2Cl- + 7H2O (l)
Heating process Green solution
Adding HNO3 after the end of color Light green solution
changes