D.C.Generators 935 1S. A 1500KW, $50-V. 16 pole generator runs at 150 rev. per min. What must be the useful flux if there are 2500 conductors lap-connected and the full-loxd copper losses are 25 KW? Calculate the area ofthe pole shoe if the gap density has uniform value of 0.9 wb/m? and find the no-load terminal voltage, neglecting armature reaction and change in speed. (Rajiv Gandhi Techn. Uni., Bhopal, 2000) [0.09944 m*, 559.17 OBJECTIVE TESTS - 26 - The basic requirement of d.¢, armature wind ing ig that it must be (@) a closed ane () ap winding (6) a wave winding (@) either (b) oF (c) A wave winding must go at least around the armature before it closes back where it started, (a) once (H) twice (©) thrice (d) four times ‘The de. armature winding in which coll sides are apole pitch apart called... Winding. (o) multiplex (6) fraetional-piteh (©) fulbpicch (@ pole-piten For making coil span equal (0 « pole pitch in the armature winding of a de. generator, the buck pitch of dhe winding must equal the numn- ber of (@) commutator bars per pole () winding elements (©) armature conductors per path (@) armature parallel paths = The primary reason for making the coil span of ad.c_armanure windingequalto.xpolepiteh @ oO bain a coil span of 180° (electrical) ensure the addition of e.m.fs of conseea- tive ums distribute the winding uniformly under different poles (@) obtain a full-pitch winding, In @ 4-pole, 35 stot dc. armature, 180 ‘ekctrical-degree coil span will be obtained when coils occupy ....... slots. (@) | and 10 (®) Land 9 (©) Yand 11 (@ Sand 12 o 2 a. n ‘The armature of ed. generator has @ 2-layer Iap-winding housed in 72 slots with six eon- dductors/elot. What i the rrinimum numberof ‘commutator bars required for the armature?” @ 2 () 2 (© 216 (@) 36 ‘The sole purpose of a commutator in a de, Generator is to (a) increase output volage (b) reduce sparking at brushes {(e) provide smoother output (d) convert the induced ac. into de. For a 4-pole, 2-ayer, d.c., lap-winding with 2Qsluts and one conductor per layer, the nam bbe: of commutater bars is (@) 90 (20 (©) 40 @) 160 i A d-pole, 12-slotlap-wound de. armature his two cnil-sidesMslot. Assuming single tum coils and progressive winding, the back pitch would IF in the ease Of a certain d,c, armature, the ‘number of commuataior segments is found ci- ther one less or more than the number ef sits, the armacure must be having & simplex .. winding (@) weave ©) hep (©) frog leg (@ mulielement Lap winding is suitable for voltage de. generators. (a) high, low (b) low, high (©) Tow, low (a) high, bigh936 Electrical Technology 13, ‘The series field of « short-shunt d.c. genera {ors excited by... eurremt, (@) sbunt (0) amature (2) load (@ extemal 14. Ina dee. generator, the generated ems is directly proportional to the (0) field carrent () pole flux (©), number of armature parallel paths (amber of dommmny coils Ina 12-pole wiplex lap-vound dc. armature, ‘each conductor can carry a current of 100 A. ‘The rated current of this armature is ampere (@ 000 1200 (© 2400 (@) 3600 R 416. ‘The commercial efficiency ofa shunt gen- erator is maximum when its variable loss equals less. (a) constant (b) stray (©) ion (d) friction and windage In small d.c, machines, armature slots are sometimes not made axial but are skewed, ‘Though skewing makes winding a lithe more diffical, yet it vesults in (a) queter operation (6) slight decresse in losses (6) saving of copper (d) both (a) and ®) 1, The critical resistance of the de. generator is ‘the resistance of (@) semamire @) bela (©) toad (@) brushes (Grad. LITE Dee. 1985), 1 @) 2.66) 2) Ala) 3) 6D) TO) Bld) %(b) 10. (b) i. @ 12.(@) 13.(e) 14.) 15.(d) 16. (a) 17. (d) 18.6)Armature Reaction and Commutation 965 3. The extemal characteristics oftwo dc. shunt generators A und B are stright lines over the working | “range becween no-load and full-oad. Generator A Generate Wo-load — Fulbload —— Wo-toad ‘Terminal PED. (Vy 400 360 20 ‘Load current (A) ° 30 0 ‘Determine the common terminal oiage and ouput current ofeach generator When Shasng 8 (oad oF 100A (577 2423.4 13788 V) 4 Too shunt generators operating in parallel have each on ermature resistance of 0.02 2. The com- Sint exe nd sien 3500 AL Ie genta em ofthe machine se S60 and 30 respectinely, calculate the bus-bar voltage and output in hW ofeach machine. (530 V 795 kW: 530 kW) 5. Two shunt generators A and # operate in parallel and their load charsceristcs may be taken as straight lines, The voltage of 4 falls rom 240 Vat eo-iod 10 220 Vat 200 A, while that of B fll frm 245 Vatno-oad o 220 V a 150 A. Determine the cumest which cach machine supplies to commen lad of 300 A and the busbar vole at hs loud. (169A 5 131 A; 223. V) 6, ‘Te shunt-wound de. generators are connected in parallel 10 supply a Toad of 3,000 A. Tach ‘machine has an amature resistane of 0.03 Q anda field resistance of 60 O, but the emf. of one machine is {600 V and that of the other is 640 V. What pomer does each machine supply ? (4,004 KW ; 1,730 KW including the fields) | | % Two shuat genorators running in parallel share « load of 100 KW equally at a terminal voltage of 230 V. On no-load, thet voltages nse to 240 V and 245 V respectively, Assuming tha thei vol-ampere ‘characterislis are rectilinear, find how would they share the load when the total curren is reduced to halt its original value ? Also, find the new terminal voltage (20kW : 30kW, 236 ¥) 8. Two generators, each having no-load voltage of 500 V, are connected in parallel t9 a constant resistance load consuming 400 kW. The terminal p.c. of one machine falls linearly (0 470 V as the load is increased to 850 A while that of the exher falls linearly to 460 V when the Icad Is 600 A. Find the Joad current and voltage of each generator. 1 the induced evn. of one machine is increased to share Toad equally, Find the new current and voltage, 1, = 626 A; p= 313A; V = 479. V5 = 469.5 A; V =48h4V) 9, Estimate the number of tums needed on exch interpole of a 6-pole generstor delivering 200 kW a 200 V : given : sumber of lap-connected armature conductors = 540°: interpole air gap = 10 em ; fax density in intespole air-gap = 0.3 Wh/m™ Ignore the effect of iton parts of the circuit and of leakage. 110) (Electrical Machines, BLEU. 1980) OBJECTIVE TEST — 27 1. Inde generators, anature action isproduced aciually by (a) its field current (@) saber (a) or (b) (@) netiver (a) nor 3, 4. ‘The primary reason for providing compensa (armature conductors ig windings in ade. generator {e) fistd pole winding (@) compensate fr decrease in main fx (a) oad eucrent in armatere () eciraize armature mnt (©) neutralize cross-magnetising Mux (@) maintain uniform ux distribution, 2, Ima de. generator, the effect of armature reac: tion on the main pole flux is to @ wdc) dam (© revaseht (4) bom) nay % THE mtn titel ie 3. a lckuiseraag oes e.preor ‘hen dase de ‘brushes have to be shifled. (a) friction (b) sparking equ (©) curren (4) Wear and tear (b) counterclockwise6 is 12. 1 @) 2d) 3) Electrical Technology Ina 6-pole dc, machine, 90 mechanical degrees ‘correspond to elecirical degrees. (a) 90 (180 © 4s 70 - The most likely causes) oF sparking at he Dustes in a We, mach is fore (@) open coil in the armature (b) defective interpoles (6) incorrect brush spring pressure (@) of he stove Ina 10-poke, lap-wound é.c, generator dhe num ber of active armature conductors per pole is 50. The number of compensating condactors per pole required is (@ 5 50 (©) 500 @ 0 ‘The commutation process in a dc. generator basicaly involves (a) passage of current from moving armature {wa sationary load reversal of current in an armature coil as it crosses MNA (6) conversion of ac. to de. (A) suppression of reactance voltage Point out the WRONG statement. In dc. gen- crators, commutation can be improved by (a) using interpotes (h) using carbon brushes inplace of Cu bushes (6) shifting brush axis in the direction of (@) none of te above Each of the following statements regarding ierpoles is true except (a) they are small yoke-fixed poles spaced in etween the main poles (b) thoy are connected in parallel with the srmature so that they carry part of the (©) their polarity, in he ease of generators is the same as that of the main pole abead (@ they automatically neutralize aot oaly ‘reactance voltage but cross-magnetisation well Shunt generators are most suited for stable parallel operation because of their voltage characteristics ANSWERS: 4 fe) 5. & 1B. ry 18, 1. 18. 6 (4) Tid) & (a) (a) ‘identical (©) Tinear (©) dropping. (a) rising “Two perallel shun: goneraors will divide the total load equally in proporton to their kilo: ‘watt ousput ratings only when they have the (a) rated voRage (by yokage tegulation ©) internal 1,8, érops (2) bots (a) and (2) ‘The main function of an equalizer bar isto make the purlle operation of two over-compeuniled de. generators (a) sable (®) possible (©) regular (@) smooth “The essential condition for stable parallel op- eration A Two de. generators having similar charscterisic is that they should have: (@ same kilowatt ouput ratings (2) droping voltage characteristes (©) same percentage regulation (@) same no-toad and full-oad speed “The main factor which loads (o unstable paral Jel operation of fla-and over-compound dc. ‘zenerators is (2) unequal aumber of tans in thei series field oe (0) unequal series feld resistances (0) their rising voltage characteristics (A) wnequal speed regulation of their prime ‘The simplest way to shift loud from one dc. ‘hunt generator running in parallel with another isto (a) adjas their field rheostats (D) insert resistance in their armature eieuits (c) adjust speeds of their prime movers (d_use equalizer connections Which one ofthe following types of generators ‘docs NOT need equalizers for satisfactory par allel operation (a) series (6) flat-compound (6) over-compound (@) under-compound, 9b) 10.@) 1.0) 12. (b) 13. (d) 14 (a) 15. (b) 16. (@) 17. (a) 18 @)(1028) _Etectricattecnnowoyy 20 oti 0 Rss aun a el ink 2. 01 @ respectively. Calculate: (a) boish voltage (€) power wasted in armature @) back eme. (@)_ mechanical power developed [la 21S V (b) 208 V (e) S00 W (a) 13.74 hp (10.25 kW) Calculate the shaft power of a series motor having the following data; overall efficiency 83.5%, speed 550rp.m. when tsking 65 A; motor resistance 0.2 0. flux per pole 25 mWb, armature winding Jag with 1200 condator (15.66 kW) AA shunt motorrunning om no-Iead takes § A st 200 V. The resistance ofthe fie circuit is 150 Q-and ofthe armatareO.1 Q, Deternine the ouput and efficiency of motor when the input curen i 120A, a1 200 ¥, State any conditions assumed, (89.8%) AA dc. shunt motor with fterpoles has the following particulars (Ourput power ; 8.952 kW, 440-V, armature resistance 1.1.0, brush contact deop 2 Y, iaerpole wind Ing resistance 0.4 Q shunt resistance 650.Q, resistance in the shunt regulator 50.0. Iron and friction losses en fllload 450 W. Calculate the efficiency when taking the full ated current of 24 A. ase) A de series motor on full-lad takes SO A from 230 V de, mains, ‘The total resistance ofthe motor 15 0.22 ©. If the iton and fiition losses together amount to 5% ofthe input, calculate the power delivered by the motor shaft. Total voltage drop due to the brush contactis 2A. (10.275 kW) [A 2 pole dc shunt motor operating from « 200 V supply takes a flood current of 35, the no- Youd current being 2 A. The field resistnce is 500 82 and the armature has x resistance Of 0.6 22. Calculate the efficiency ofthe motor on fl-iod. Take the brush drop as being equal 1.5 V per | brush arm, Neglec temperature rise. [Rajiv Gandhi Tech. Univ. Bhopal,2600) (82.63%) OBJECTIVE TESTS - 29 Ta nde moter undirectinal tongues prodeced wit te help of (a) brushes (6) commnstor (©) endplates (@) both a) and () ‘The comer em. ofa de. motor (1 often exeoeds the soply voltage (@) armature current sultiplied by back em. (®) power input minus tosses (©) power output mukiplied by efficiency (@) power ouput plus ir losses “The induced emf. in the armature condactors of ade. motor is () aids the applied voltage (a) sinusoidal (@)_ trapezoidal (©) eps in energy conversion (©) rectangular (@) akemating @ regalets be aerate voltage 7. Ade.motorcan be looked upon as dc. genera- 3. The normal value ofthe armature resistance of & ies abi te pee os, de. motor is (a) reduced (b) reversed (a) 0.005, @ os (©) increased (2) ified © 10 @ 100 8. In 1 dc, motor, the mechanical ousput power (Grad. LET. June 1987) setually comes from “The F/V ratio ofa dc motorisan indication of ‘(fe system is (©) aie-gap tu (a) efficiency (b)_ speed regulation (©) back ems. (©) staring torque (@) Running Torque (Grad. LE.LE, june 1987) The mechanics! power developed by the arms. ture of a de. motor is equal 0 () electrical inpat power ‘The maximum torque of de. motors is lite by (@) commutation (6) eatingBR B. 44 16 16. n. 18 (©) speed (@) srwature current Which of the following quantity maintains the ‘ame direction whether ad.e, machine runs as 4 generator oras a motor (2) induced e.m- (©) field curent (armature curent (a) supply current - Under constant foad comitions, the speed of a de moter is affected by (@) field tox © amare curent (©) backemf (a) doth (0) nd (c) {is possible to increase the field flux and, atthe same time, increase the speed of a d.c. motor provided is an. Is held constant, (@) applied vonage (®) torque (©) Armature circuit resistance (a) armature current ‘The current drawn by 2120 - V de. mioter of armature resistance 0.5 and back e.m.f. 110 V is ca ampere. (a) 20 ® 140 (©) 220 5 The shaft torque of a d.c. moter is Tess than its anmeaure torque because Of... IOsses (a) copper () mechanical fe) tron A dc. motor develops a torque of 200 Nem at (@)otstional 25 rps. At 20 eps it will develop a tomue of Nm. (a) 200 > 160 (e) 250 128 Neglecting saturation, ifearrentiaken by a series motor is ineressed from 10 A to 12 A, the percentage increase initstorque is... percent (a) 20 44 fe) 305 @ 166 1 Toad on a de. shut mowor is increwsed, is speed is decreased due primarily to (a) increase in its Mus (b) decrease in back e.mt, (6) increase in armature cumrent (€) increase in brush drop 1f the load current and flax of a de. motor are held constant and voltage applied across its increased by 10 per cent, its speed (a) decrease by about 10 per cent (6) remain unckanged 2. 2 D.C. Motor 1029 (€) increase by about 10 per cent (d) imexease by 20 per cent Ifthe poke Mux ofa de. motor approscnes zero, its speed will (@) approach zero (©) approach infinity (©) no change due to corresponding change in back emt (A) approach astable value somewhere between zero and ininty. If the field circuit of a loaded shunt motor is ‘suddenly opened (a) itwould race co almost infinite speed (b) it would draw abnormally high armature ‘current (©) circuit breaker or fuse will open the circuit ‘before too much damages done tthe motor (a) torque developed by the motor would be reduced to ze, Which ofthe following dc. motor would be suit- able for drives requiring high starting torque but only fairly constant speed such as crushers ? (@) shunt (b) series (©) compound (a) permanent magnet A dc. shunt motoris found suitable todrive fans because they require (a) small torque at startup, (8) large torque at high speels (©) practically constant volage (A) both (a) and (6) Whick ofthe following load would be best driven bya de. compound motor ? (a) reciprocating purap (D) centifugal pump (©) ekeetic locomotive (a) fan F Asthe loud is increased, the speed of ad.. shunt mocor (a) increases proportionately (@) remains constant (©) increases slightly (@) resiuces slightly Berween no-load and full-oad, develops the least torque (a) series |b) shunt |e) cumulative compound (d) differential compousd motor1030 26. The T/1, graph of ad. series motor is a (a) parabola from no-load to overload (6) straight line throughout (©) parabola throughout (@, parabola upto full load and « straight line at overloads 27. As compared to shunt and compound motors, ‘eres motor has the highest torque because of iss comparatively... a the start (@) lower armaisre resistance (6) stronger series field Electrical Technology (©) fewer series wuras (larger armature current Unlike a shunt motor, i is difficult tor a series ‘motor (9 sill under heavy loading because (a) it cevelops high overload torque 2 (b) cranes and hoists (0) shears and panches @ machine wok: A220 V shunt motor develops a torque of 54 Nem at armature current of 10 A, The torque Drodaced when the armature current is 20 A, is (@) S4N-m @) BIN (©) 108Nm (None of the above (Elect. Machines, AMLE, See. B, 1993) ‘The de. series motor should never be switched” fon at no load because (© the field curren is zero (2) The machine does not pick up (©) The speed becomes dangerously high (@ Ie-vill tke 100 Tong to accelerate (Grad. LET. June 1988) A shunt dc, motor works on ac. mains (0) unsatisfactorily (b) satisfactorily (©) notat all (@_ none of the above (lect. Machines, AME. See. B, 1993) ‘A200 V, 10 A motor could be rewound for 100 V.20.A by using... as many tums per coil ‘of wire. having ....... the cross-sectional are, (0) tice, hall () thrice, one third (©) hall, twiee (@ ‘our times, one-founh 7.6) &(@ _9.(a) 10.(a) 11-(a) (6) its fux remains constant 33. (©) it slows down considerably (its back ems. is reduced to almost zero. 29. When load is removed, .... motor will un at the highest speed. “, (a) shunt (6) cumulative-compound (6 differential compound (series 30. A series motor is best suited for driving (@) lathes Answers 1d) 2c) Mb) 4@) Sa) 6.(a) 12d) 13.(a) 14.@) 1S.@) 16.6) 17.(6) 18.) 33.(a) 2A(d) 25. (a) 26.(d) 27.(b) 2.(a) W.(d) 30.() 34.(c), 19.(b) 20.(€) 21-(c) 22. (d) 31. 32) 33. (a)Speed Control of D.C. Motors 1089 Determine the limits beween which the temperature fictates when the motor operates on a foad | cyele consisting of alternate period of 1 ht. on full-Icad and 1 hr, on no-load, steady state conditions having been established. [287° ©, 21.9°C] 21. A motor with a thermal time constant of 45 min. has a final temperaure rise of 75°C on continuous ‘ating (a) What isthe temperature ri after one hour at this load ? (é) Ifthe temperature rise on one~ ‘hour rating is 75°C, find the maximum steady temperature a this rating (c) When working ai hour rating, how long does it take the temperature to increase from 60°C to 75°C 7 102°C (c) 20 min} 1a) 55°C) (Ehectrical Technology, M.S, Uniy, Baroda, 1976) | OBJECTIVE TESTS -30 1. The spesel af a de, motor can be controlled by varying (0) its Bux per pole () resistance of armature circuit (©) applied voltage (@) all ofthe above The most efficient method of increasing the speed of a 3,75 KW dc, stunt moter would be he csnontethod, (@) armature control (@) tus control (©) Ward-Leonard (@) tapped-field contro! 3. Regarding Ward-Leonard system of speed con- trol which statement is false (2) is usualy used where wide and very sen sitive speed control is required. (b) tis used for motors having ratings from 750 KW to 404 W (©) Capital outlay involved inthe system isrigit sine it uses two extra machines (2) It gives a speed range of 10 1 but in one ‘irection only (©) thas low overall efficiency especially at light loads 4. In the rheestatie method of speed contol for a dd. shunt motor, use of armature divertor makes the method (a) less wasteful (bless expensive (©) unsuitable for charging loads (@ suitable for rapidly changing Joads 5. The chief advantage of Ward-Lecmand system of de, motor speed contol is that i (a) can be used even for small motors (©) has high overal efficiency a all speeds, (@)_ gives smooth, sensitive and wide speed control 10. (@ uses a flywheel to reduce fluctuations in power demand ‘The flux control method using paralleling of Field coils when applied to a 4-pole series d.c. motor (ea $IVE one Speeds @? (3 ws Ww 6 ‘The series parallel system of speed control of series motors widely used in traction work gives ‘speed range of about @ 12 13 omer @ 16 In practice, regenerative braking i used when (@) quick movor reversal is desired (0) Toad has overhauling characteristics (©) controlling elevators, rolling mills and print ing presses ete (@) other methods ean not be used. . Stutement 1, A direct-on-line (DOL) starter is used to start a small d.c. motor because Statement 2. it limits initial cument deawn by the armature circuit. (@) both statement | and 2 are incorrect (8) both statement | and 2 are correct (©) statement I is correct but2 is wrong (@) statement 2is corract but | is wrong Ward-Leonard system of speed control ig NOT recommended for (a) wide speed range (©) constant-speed operation (0) Frequent mowr reversals (@) very low speeds “Thysistor chopper eieuits are employed for (a) lowering the evel of adc. voltage () reelifying the ac. voltage () frequency conversion (@) providing commutation cievitry(1090 _ Electrical Technology 12. An imveror circuit is employed to convert (@) ac. votage into de. voltage @) devotage imo ue, vltage (6) high frequency into tow frequency (4) tow frequency iat high fequeney B 4 5. (2) full conyenor (4) semiconvertor (©) solid-state chopper (@ de, convertor A solid-state chopper converts a fixed-voltage de. supply into a ‘The phase-control rectifiers used for speed of (a) variable-voltage a.c. supply ds. motescomen fixed. supply okageinio ——_() variable-woltge ds. supply (6) Variable 4, supply voltage (©) hiher-vokage ds, supply (b) variable a.¢. supply voltage (@) lower-voltage ac. supply (©) full-rectified a.c. voltage 16. ‘The ¢.c. motor terminal voltage supplied by a (A) halfrectified ac. voltage solid etate choppat for spied ‘eontml parposid some of the switching devices in a convertor AES on nn.Qith the duty ratio of the chop- ane controlled devices and some are diodes the per SS (@) inversely (6) indirectly (©) linearly (d)_parabolically ; ANSWERS: Ld 2b Bd 4d Sie 6b Te 8b Ke 1D ta b> Ba Wb 185 teInduction Motor 1309 4 “ M = — 08 ___ tog. (aeRO sx 044057 +050? 7 = 3xt033*x1/0.29 mes = x 1500760 (Gti) The equivalent ciccut for one phase for astip of 0.05is shown in Fig. 32.59 (), Ly = 231/(20+04)-+j2)=U.2—j 11 Jy = 231/10 +} 50)=0.89-j 4.4 Iy = [ptf =1209~] 55 =1328 2-244"; pi. = cos 24.4" = 0.91 (lag) Now, 351N-m assuming N= 1500r:pm, Tutorial Problem No. 34.4. 1. AZ phe, 115-volt induction motor has the following constants: R= 0107 Q: Ry’ = 008.2. X, = 04 Sand X,’ = 020. Allthe values ae for one phase only. AL which slip the gross power outpat will be maximum and the value ofthe gross power output ? [114% 58.6 KWL ‘A 3-phase, 400-V, Y-connected induction motor has an equiveleat T-circuit consisting of 2, equivalent rotor values are R= 1.20, Xy'= 1.50. The exciting branch hasan impedance of (4+) 40) 2. Ifslipis $6 fin () current (i) ficiency it) power face iv) oxi. ‘Assume friction loss o be 250 W. 1 1038 4 Gi) 81% (i) 0.82 (iv) $ KAT 3, A.50 HP, 440 Vol, phase, 50 Hz Induction motor with star-connected stator winding gave the following west resus: (Notoad est: Applied line volinge 440 V, ine current24 A, Watimeer eating {Sand 3350 wats, (G)Blocked rotor test applied line voltge’33.6 volt ine current 65 A, wattmeter reading 2150and 766 wats Caleutate the parameters ofthe equivalent circuit [Rajiv Gandhi "Technical University, Bhopal, 2000] {() Slaunt branch :&, = 107.6 ohms, %,, = 10.60 obums i) Series branch: r = 0.23 ohm, =0.19 ‘ob | Pe | OBJECTIVE TESTS — 34 ~ Regarding scewing of motor bars ina squimrel- 4, ‘The effect of increasing the length of ai-gap in ‘cage induetion motor, (SCIM) which stetement ‘an induction motor wil be to inerease the is false? (@) power factor (a) itpreventscogging (b) speed (6) it increases starting torque (©) magnetising current (6) it prodices more uniform torque (@) aiegap fx (d) itreduces motor ‘hum duing its operation. (Power Apo-Il, Delhi Uni Jan. 1987) ‘The principle of operation of 3-phase. Induc- In 1 3.phase induction motor, the relative speed thon motor is most similar to that of a of stator Hun, with respect 0 oni 22. (a) synchronoas motor (a) shor winding (0) oter (6) repulsion-start induct motor (6) roworfiux ——d) space (6) eansforer with a shorted secondary 4 An cightpole wound rotor induction motor op- (2 eapacitoesta,iaduction-run motor crating on 60 Hz supply is driven at 1800 rpm. . The magnetsing curent drawn by transformers _by a prime mover inthe opposite direction of and induction motors is the cause of their revolvingmagneticfield. The fequency af otor power factor. current is (a m0 @) nity (o) 60H, () (201% (©) basing (@) leading. (e) 180K (2) none of the above.1310 _ Electrical Technology 4 10, un. 1, (leet. Machines, A.M.LIE. See, Bb, 1993) A 3.phuse,d-pole, 50-Hz induction motor runt st a speed of 1440 p.m, The rotating field produced by the roior rotates at a speed of fp. with respect to the rotor. (a) 1500 © 1H0 (c wo na 3-9 induction mover, the root Meld rotates at Synchronous speed with respect 10 (a) stator @) 008 (0) stator fiux (a) none ofthe above. Irrespective of the supply frequency, the torque developed by aSCIM is the same whenever is the same, (@) supply vonage () externattoad (@) rotor resistance (i) lip speed. In the case of 2 3 induction motor having N,=1500 rpm and running with ¢= 008 (a) revolving speed ofthe stator flux s space is vob (B) roe speed is orp (€)_ speed of rotor flax relative co the rotor ie pm [dl speed of the rotor fx. with respect to the SOF 1 ent. ‘The number of stator poles produced in the rotating magnetic field of « 3.4 indvction motor having 3 slots per pole per phase is (a3 6 2 we ‘The power factor of a squirel-cage induction (a) tow at light Toads only (b) tow a heavy loads only () low alight and heavy loads both (2) low at rated oad only. (Blect. Machines, ANCL Sec:B, 1993) Which ofthe following rotor quantity ina SCIM does NOT depend onits slip? (a) roactance ©) sped (©) inducedemt —(@)_ frequency, A 6:pole, 50-Hz, 3-0 induction motor is ‘inning at 950 mpm ans! has rotor Cu loss of SEW. Its rotor input is... kW, (@) 100 © 10 ) 8 53 The ficiency of a 3-phase induction motor ts approximately proportionate 1, 18, 24. 2. @ (-9) Os ay @ », A 6-pole, 30-Hz, 3 induction motor as ful: load speed of 950 rpen. At half-oad, is speed would be «pm @ 95 (), 500 (o) 975 1000 rotor input of a SCIM curing with « sip of 10% is 100 kW. gross power developed by’ it O10 ssa KW, (a) 10 6% © % @ 0 Pull-out torque of a SCIM_ ovcurs at that vale of slip where rotor power Factor equals (ay unity ©) 0.707 [e) 0.866 @ os Fil in the blanks. When load is placed on a 3-phase induction mote, its (9 speed w sip (Gi) rotor need emt. (i) rotor eurent (9) rotor torgu (9 rotorcontinues to rotate at that value of slip atwhich veloped torus equls..orque When applied rated voltags per pase i reduced by one-half, the starting torque of a SCIM Dpecomes ...” of the staring torque with full voltage (a 2 o v4 wo WE w Vx 1f maximum torque ofan induction motor it 200 km at slip of 12%, the torque at 6% slip Would ey Kee (a) 100 &) 160 1) 50 oo ‘The fractional slip of an induction motor is the (a) rotor Cu loss/rotor input 1b) stalor Cu lossstator input {e) rotor Cu lossotor output (a) rotor Cu Iosu/staor Cu loss - The tomgve developed by a 3-phase induction motor depeeds onthe following three Factors: () speed, fequency, number of pales () voltage, curren and stator impedance (6) synchronous speed, rocor speed and requency(@ rotor emt, rotor current and rotor p.l 24. the stator voltage and frequency of an induc tion motor are reduced proportionately. its (2) locked roior current ig reduced (®) sorgue developed is increased (©) magnetising current isdeereased (@) dott (a) and (oy 25. The efficiency and p.. of « SCIM increases in proportion to its (@) speed (b) mechanical food (©) votage (d) rotor tomue 26. A SCIN nuns at constant speed only so long as (@) torque developed by it remains constant (®) its supply voltage remains constant ANSWERS: Induction Motor 1311. (e) itstorque exactly equals the mechanical lod (A) stator flux remains constant 27. The synchronous speed of a linear induction metor does NOT depend on (a) width of pote piteh (0) number of pokes [e) supply trequency (d) any of the above 28, Thrust developed by a linear induction motor depends on (a) synchronous speed (b) rotor input (6) numer of poles (a) both (a) and (3) comer Lb Qe Re Ae S¢ Ge Tc Ba %d LO. (i) 1500 (if) 1440 (ii) 60 (iv) 1500 11. b 12.4 1B. Wa 15.4 Wc 17.6 b 19. () decreases (ii) increases (iii) increases (iv) increases (v) increases (vi) applied 20. 21.b 22.4 23.d 24.d25.b 26.c 27.b 28.dComput Fig. 25.58 Fig. 3559 Q. 14. What currents flow in single-phasing sta-connected inotor of Fig. 35.59, ‘Ans. With L; disabled, the currents flowing in L and. and through phases Y and Bin series ‘willbe of the or¢er of 250 per cent ofthe normal fullload current, 160 per centon 3/4 load and 100 pper cent on 1/2 load. Q. 15. How can the motors be protected against single-phasing ? ‘Ans. (0) By incosporating a combined overload and single-phasing relay in the control gear. (i) By incorporating a phase-failure relay in the control gear: ‘The relay may be either voltage or cument-operated, Q. 16. Can a 3-phose motor be tun on a single-phase line ? ‘Ans. Yes, it can be, Buta phase-splitter is essential. Q.17., What is a meant by a phase-splitter ? ‘Ans, Itisa device consisting of « number of capacitors so connected inthe motor circuit that it produces, from a single input wave, three output waves which differ in phase from each other. Q. 18, What is the standard direction of rotation of an induction motor ? ‘Ans. Counterelockwise, when looking, from the front end ie, non-driving end of the motor. Q. 19, Cana wound-motor be reversed by transposing any two leads from the slip-rings ? ‘Ans, No, There is only one way of doing so ce. by transposing any two line leas, Q.20, What is jogging ? ‘Ans. I¢means inching a motor i.e. make it move a litte at-a time by constant starting and stopping. Q.21. What is meant by plugging ? ‘Anis. It means stopping a motor by instantaneously reversing it till itstops, 0.22, What are the inelications of winding faults in an induction motor 2 ‘Ans. Some of the indications are as under: (excessive and unbalanced starting currents J Gi) some peculiar noises and (ii) overheating OBJECTIVE TESTS - 35 L. Inthe citele diagram fora 3-6 induction motor, the diameter of the cick is determined by (a) rotor current (6) exciting current (©) (otal stator current (@)_ rotor current referred to stator 2. Point out the WONG statement. Blocked rover test on a 3-9 induction motor helps to find (2) shor-ceetit euront with normal voltage () shortcireuit power factor (6) fixed losses (d) motor resistance as referred to stator. | In the cixcle diagram of an induction motor, point of maximum input les on the tangent drawn parallel 19 (a) output line {@) torque line (6) vetcal axis td) besizontal axis1868 _ Electrical Technology 4. Aminduction motor has a shor-cireit current 12, times the fulload current and a fll-toad slip (of 4 per cent. Its line-sarting torque is times the ful-load torque. 7 @ 1.96 1B. 4 (a 49 5. InaSCIM. torque with autostarteris.... times the toqgue with direc-switehing we we © us @ VK ‘where K is the transformation ratio of the autostarer 6. stator voltage of a SCIM is reduced to 50 per cent of its rated value, torque developed is reduced by ... percent of is fill-oad value @ 0 ( 25 © 75 @ 77 17. Forthe purpose of stating an induction motor, aY-A switch is equivalent oan auto-siater of! ‘atio...per cent (@) 33 w@ 919 © 72 (@ 60. 8. A double aquimetcage motor (DSCM) scores ‘over SCIM in the maticr of (a) starting torque (b) high efficiency under running conditions (©) speed epilation under normal operating 4, condtions (d)_allof the above % In a DSCM, outer cage is made of high resistance metal bars primarily for the purpose of increasing its (2) speed regulation (b) sing ‘omque {c) efficiency 0. (a) staring current. 10. A SCIM with 36.sbt stator has two separate windings : one with 3 coil groups phase/pole and the other with 2 coil groups/phaseipole, “The obiitable two motor speeds would be in the ratio of (3:2 (2:3 @ 21 @ 1:2 1. A 6-pole 3-9 induction motor taking 25 kW 18, from a SO-Hz spol is cumulatvely-cascaded to.a4-pole motor. Neglecting all losses, speed ofthe +-pole motor would be... ( 1500 (1000 © on (a) 3000. and its output Would be .. KW. 1s @ v0 () 5003 (ay 25. ANSWERS LeRel dd bS a6 e2 bR dO BU, 16. d a Bee Which class of induction motor will be well suited for large refrigerators? (a) ClassE (6) Class B (e) ClassF —(d) Class C Inv Schrage motor operating at supersye- chronous speed, the injected emf and the standstill secondary induced emt (a) ae in phase with each ether (b) reat 90° in ime phase with each other {) are in phase oppesition (@) none ofthe above. (Power App.lll, Delhi Unis. July 1987) For stating a Schrage motor, 3-6 supply is connected to (a) stator (D) rotor via slip-rings (e) regulating winding (d) secondary winding via brushes. ‘Two separate induction motes. having 6 poles and 5 poles respectively and their cascade combination from 60 Fz, 3-phase supply can sive the following synchronous speeds in rpm (a) 720, 1200, 1500 and 3600 (b) 720, 1200 1800 ©), 600, 1000, 15000, (d) 720 and 3000 ‘Power Appell, Delhi Univan 1987) Mark the WRONG statement, AA Schrage motor is capable of behaving as af (6) inveed incon tor (0) slipeng inceton moter (c) shunt mor (d) series motor (e) synchronous motor. Whee osncany Sptmteinhision metre eich gare one piss acon (a) ics Iely ro bum out quickly unless immediately disconnected it will start but very slowly make ery srt ws oad going (6 reining inact ese wl be blown Get Geo heavy innush of current If single-phasing of a 3-phase induction motor cers under taming conditions (o) wil sl imetaly w © @) will kzep running though with slightly ‘increased slip (© may either stall or keep running depending on the load caried by i (2) will become noisy while it stil keeps runing. athe fd. 014 bisa1398 Elecirical Technology Q9. What could be the reasons if a split-phase motor fails to start and hums loudly ? ‘Ans. Itcould be due to the starting winding being open or grounded or bumt out. (10. What cold be the reasons if « split-phiase motor runs to0 slow ? ‘Aus. Any one of the following factors could be responsible 1, wrong supply voltage and frequency 2. overload 3. grounded starting and running windings. 4. short-circuited or open winding in field cireait 4, 5 OBJECTIVE TESTS ~ 96. "The starting winding of single-phase mo- tor is placed in the (@) rotor (6) stator (o) armature (a) Field One of the characteristics of a single- phase ‘moter is tht it (a) is self stating (0) is ot sellstarting (©) requires enly ove winding (@) can route in one direction only ‘Alter the sating winding of a single- phase induction motor i disconnected from supply, itcontinues to run only on ....winding. (@ roto () compensating © felt (@ running {f starting winding of a single-phase induction motor is left in the circuit, it will a) draw excessive curent and overhest (8) run slower (© nun faster (2), spark at light loads “The direction of rotation ofa single-phase mo- tor can he reversed by 0) reversing connections of bos windings (2) reversing connections of starting winding (© asing a reversing switch (6) reversing supply connections. 1 a single-phase induction motor runs slower than normal, te more likely defects (6) improper fuses () shorted running winding (©) open stating winding (@ wom bearings. ‘The capacitor in acapactor-startinduction-run ‘ac motor is connected in series with ‘winding 10, 4, B. ema (a) starting (b) running (©) squiret-cage (4) compensating ‘A permanent split single-phase capacitor motor does not have (a) centifual switch (0) starting winding (6) squire.cage rotce (2) high power factor. The starting torque of 8 eapscitor-start indsction-run motor i ciestly related to the Angle between is two winding currents by the relation (a) cose () sine © Sinan. In two-vabse capacitor moto, the capacitor sed for ramaing porposes is van (a) dry-type ac electrolytic capacitor (0) poper-spaced oil-filled type (6) aivcapacitor (@) ceramic pe. I the centrifugal switch of a two-value capacitor motor using two capacitors fils to open, thea (a) eletrtytic capacitor wil, ity, safer breakaowa * (b) tote will no eazry the Youd (©) moter wil raw excessively high current (d) moter will not come up the rated speed. Each of the following statements regarding & shaded-pole metor is true eveept (@) its direction of ration is from ur- shaded to shaded portion of the poles (©) ithas very poor efficiency (6) ithas very poor pf. (4) thas high starting torque. Compensating winding is employed in an ae series motor in order 0 all probait-rs 16. . 1% (@) compensate for decrease in field flux (6) increase the total torque (e) seduce the sparking at brushes (reduce effects of armature roactin. ‘A universal movoris one which (a) \s available universally (b) can be marketed internationally (©) can be operated either on de or ae supply (@) rust danzerously high speed on no-load, Ina single-phase series moter the main purpose of inductively-wound compensating winding is to reduce the (a) reactance emf of commutation (2) rotational emf of commutation (©) uansfonner emf of commutation (a) none of te above. (Power App-ll, Delhi Uniy, Jan. 1987) A repulsion motor is equipped with (a) acommutaior (6) slip-rings (©) avepeller (a) neither (a) no (8), ‘A repulsion-start induction-run single- phase ‘motor russ ean induction motor only when (@) brushes are shifsd to ncutral plane (®) shor-cicuiter is disconnected (©) commutator segments sre short-circuited (@) stator winding is reverse. fade series motor is operated on ac supply, it wil (a) have poor efficiency (B) have poor power factor (©) spark excessively (d) all of he above (€) none of the above, ‘An outstanding feature of a universal motor is. its (a) best performance at 50 Hz supply (b) slow speed at all loads a1, 2, ANSWERS Lb 2b 3d 4a 5b 6d Ta Ba %b10b Me bd 13d Me 1d 10 Ihe Wd Wd Wed 2a Mc Ba wa Single-phase Motors 1399 (©) excellent performance on de. supply highest ouput kWekg. ratio, “The direction of rotation of a hysteresis motor is determined by the (a), retentivity of the rotor material (6) amount of hysteresis oss (©) permeabiiy of rotor material (2) position of shaded pote with respect to the ‘ain pole, Speed of the universal motor is (a) dependent on frequency of supply (D) proportional to frequency of supply (6) independent of Frequency of supply (4) none of the above, (lect. Machines, A.MLLE. See. B, 1993) Jntheshaded pole squirrel cage induction motor te flux inthe shaded part always: (a) teads the flux in the unshaged pole segment (8) is in phase with the flux in the unstiaded pole segment (© lagsthe Mux inthe unshaded pole segment (@) none of the above. (Elect. Machines, A.M.LE. See. B, 1993) Which of the following motor issn interesting cexampleof beneficially utilizing a phenomenon that is often considered undesirable ? (a) hysteresis motor (O) wlustance motor (©) sepper motor (@) shaded-pole motor, Usually, large motors are more efficent than smallones, Theefficiency ofthe tiny motar used. ina wrist watchis approximately... percent. 1 (®) 10 . to 50 ( 80Qo. Ans. Q.10, “Ans. O11 ‘Ans. cS % 1485 Alternators How isu direct-connected exciter arranged in an alternator ? ‘The armature of the exciter is mounted on the shaft ofthe alternator close tothe spider hub, 1 some cases, it is mounted at a distance sufficient to permit a pedestal and bearing to be pl between the exciterand the hub, ‘Yes, economy of space. Any disadvantage ? Any advantage of a direct-connected exciter ? ‘The exeiter has to un atthe same speed &s the alternator which is slower than desirable, Hene itmust be largerfora given ontputthan the gear-criven type, becase ican be ran at high ‘and so made proportionately smaller. OBJECTIVE TESTS - 37 = The Frequency of Voltage generated by an alter nor having +-polesand rotating at 1800 rp. Fi oooh @ © () 7200 ©) 20 (@ 450. ‘A 30-Hz alternator will un at the greatest possible speed iF itis wound for... poles, ws w) 6 4 ld) 2. ‘The main disadvantage of using short-pitch wind ing inalterators i that it (a) reduces burmoniesin the generated vollag (©) reduces the total voltage around the arme- ture coils (©) produces asymmetry in the three phase ‘windings (d) increases Cu of end connections. ‘Three-phase sltemators are invariably Y-con- rected because (a) magneticlossesare minimised (5) tess turns of wire are required (c) smaller conductors can be used (a) higher terminal vokage isobiained. ‘The winging of a 4pole alternator having 36 slots aud a coil spaa of 1 10 8 is shortpitched by wn dogrecs. @ 140 & @ (©) 20 @ 49. an alernator winding has airactional pitch of fo, the ceil span is... degrees. (@) 300 () 150 (©) 0 @ . ‘Theharmenie whick would be totaly eliminated from the akernator em. using a fractional pitch nL 2. of AIS ic (a) 306 (7H © 3m @ 9%. For eliminating 7h harmonic from the ex. ‘wave ofan alternate, the fractions te Oe) 516 © 1 (a) on. If, ia an altemator, chording angle for funda- mental ux wave is 0, is value for Suh har monic is (a) So () o's (©) 250, (a) ons. Regarding distribution factor of an armature winding ofan allemaor which statement & false? (a) it decreases as the distribution of coils oispole) increases (b) higher vale, higher he induced em. per phase {© tis wot affected bythe type of winking lier lap. wave (a) itis ot affected by the number of ws perc When speed ofan altemior is changed rom 3600 cpan. to 1800 rpm. the genemted emf Jheses wil become (@) onetait (0) tee (e) four times (d) one-fourth. The magni ofthe tree voltage drops in sn allemator due to amare resisance, leakage fetrtanceandammanre reactions solely deter- ‘minedby (a) Toad caren,1486 Electrical Technology Mw 1s. 16. " 18, 19, () pf. of the load (©) whetheritis a lagging or leading pf. loud (@) {eld construction of thealteenator, ‘Armature reaction in an alterator primarily af- feats (a) rotorspeed (®) terminal voltage per phase (0) frequency of armature current (a) generated voltage per phase, ‘Under no-load condition, power drawn by the prime mover of an altemtor goes to (a) produce induced emf. in armature wind ing () meetno-toad losses (©) produce power in the armature (A) meet Ce losses both in srmanuce and rotor windings Aston pf ofan alernater becomes more letl- ing, the value of generated voltage requited to sive rated terminal volage (a) increases (>) seeming unchanged Ce) decreases (@) varies with rowr speed. Wit «load p.t, of unity, heetfectof armature reaction on the maln-feld Aus of analternatoris, (@ distonional ——()-magneasing (©) demegnetising (a) nominal, Atlagaing loads, armature reaction in an alter- ator is (a) cross-magnstising (6) demagnetising (c) noneffective (a) magnet Atleadingp.., the armature foxin an altemator the rotor flux (a) opposes (b) ids (c) distons (d) does not affect. ‘The voltage regulation of an alternator havi 0.75 leading p.f_ Toad, no-load induced s.r ‘oF 400V and rated terminal voltageof 3000Vis percent (a) 0 ) -20 te) 150 (a) -267 If in a 3.6 alternator a Field current of SOA, produces full-load armavure current of 200 A. ‘onshort-circuit znd 1730 V on open circ hen its synchronous impedance is... ohm, (a) 8.56 4 ws ) M6 21, "The power fctor of an alternators determined byits (@) speed ©) leas (©) excitation (@ prime mover 22, Focproper pualel operation, ae. polyphise al temators must hve the same (a) spoed (6) voltagerating (6) KVArating ——(d)_ excitation, 23. Ofthe following conditions, the one which dces not have to be met by altemators working in parle is (a) terminal voltage ofeach mactine mast be the same () the machines must have the same phase rotation (6) the machines must operae atthe same frequency (A) the machines must have equa ratings 2A. Afer wiring uptwo3-9alzratos, youcheckad their frequency and voltage and foand them to bbe equal. Before connecting them in parallel, you would (a) check turbine spesd (@) check phase rotation (c)Iubricate everything (@) check steam pressure. Zero power factor method of an liemar is used to find its (a) efficiency (H) volugeregvlation (6) areaure resistance (4) synchronous impedance Some engineers prefer “lamps bight synchvo- nization to “lamps dik’ synchronization because (a) brightness of lamps ean be judzedeasily (@) ivgives shaper and ore accurate synchioe (©) Hicker is more pronounced (a) ivcan be pectormed uch. 27. Its never advisable to connect & stationary alternator live bus-bars because ft (@ Islikely 0 mun as synchronous motor (b) will get shor-cirenited (c) will decrease bus-bar voltage though mo- ment (@) will disurb generated exm.is. of other ul- temnators connected in parallel28, 2». ha ha 2d ‘Two identical atematorsare ruming ia parallel tnd carry equal loads, IF excitation of one al~ lemator is increased without changingits ates supply, then (2) inwillkeop supplying almost the same lead (®) KVAR supplied by itweuld decrease (©) tis pe. will increase (d) kVA supplied by it would decrease. Keeping its exciton constant ifsteamn supply ‘ofan alternator running in parallel with another ‘identical alternator isincreased, then (a) itwould over-run the oxher alternator (b) its rotor wil fall back in phase with respect tothe other machine (c}_itwill sipply greater pestion ofthe load (2) its power factor would he decreased. ‘The load sharing between two steam-criven hternitors operating in parle! may be adjusted by varying the Alternators 1487 (2) fete stengths of the alernators (8) power factors ofthe alernators (©) steam supply to their prime movers (speed of the altemators. 31, Squimel-cage barsplaced inthe rotor pole faces of an alternator help reduce busting (a) boxe synchranous speed only (Dy below synchronos speed only (6), sbove and below synchronous speeds both (a), none of the above (Elect. Machines, A.MLLE, See. 18,1993) Fora machine on infinite bus active power can bevaried by (@) changing feldexcitacion (©) changing of prime cover speed (c) both (a) and (5) above (dy one of the above (leet, Machines, AM.LE, See, B, 1993) ANSWERS Rd 3b dd Bad Gb Bd 1b 1.c Ia 17d 2b 25.b Wb 27b Ba he bd 9a 10 ha 1b 1%b Mec Ub Wb Me We Be Ib1532 _ Electrical Technology Q.7. What is synchronous capacitor ? it takes 2 leading current. ‘Ans. It could be due to the following causes : 5. field excitation may be too strong. L. voltage may be 100 low 3.100 much starting load 5. field excitation may be excessive. Ihedue to? ‘open-circuit or short-circuit in the field, ‘Ans. ‘No. «4. open-circuit in one phase or short-circuit Q. 11. Will the motor start with the field excited 7 ‘Ans. Anoverexcited synchronous mocoris called synchronous capacitor, because, like a capacitor, Q.8. What are the causes of faulty starting of 2 synchronous motor 2 1. voltage may be too low —at least half voltage is required for starting 2. there may be open-circuit in one phase ~ due to which motor may heat up 4. static friction may be large — either due to high belt tension oF too tight hearings 4. stator windings may be incorrectly connected Q.9. What could be the reasons if a synchronous motor filly to start ? ‘Ans. {tis usually due to the following reasons : 2, some faulty connection in auxiliary apparatus Q.10. A synchronous motor starts as usual but fails to develop its full torque. What could it ‘Ans, I. exeiter voltage may be too low 2: field spool may be reversed 3. there may be either Q. 1. Under which conditions a synchronous motor will [ail to pull into step ? ‘Ani. 1.0 field excitation 2 excessive load 3. excessive oad inertia OBJECTIVE TESTS - 38 1. Ina synchronous motor, damper winding is [provided in order to (a) stabilize rotor metion (b) suppress rotor oscillations (©) develop necessary starting torque (d) both (b) and (c) 2. Ina synchronous motor, the magnitude of stator back emf. &, depends on (a) speed of the motor (b) ead on the motor (©) oth the speed and rotor flax (@) de. excitation only 3. An eleettic motor in which both the rotor and stalor fields rotates with the same speed is called fo motor @ de. (b) ebrage (©) synchronous (@) universal While running, « synchronous motor is com- pelied to nun at synchronous speed because of (a) damper winding in itspole faces (b) magnetic locking between stator and rotor poles {€) induced exm.f. in rotor field winding by stator flux (d) compulsion due to Lene's law The direction of rotation ofa synchronous motor can be reversed by reversing (a) corrent to the field winding (b) supply phase sequence (0) polarity of rotor poles (d) none of the above|When running under no-load condition and with normal excitation, armature current /, drawn, by x synchronous motor (a) leads the backe.m. by a small angle (b) is large (c) tags the applied voltage V by a stnall angle (a) lags the resultant vohage Fy by SP, ‘The angle between the synchronously rotating stator flux and rotor poles of a synchronous motor ealed..... ange (a) synchronizing (2) vogue (ec) power factor (a) slip If toad angle of a 4-pole synchronous motor is 8° (elect), is value in mechanical degrees is (a) 4 (2 e) 05 @ 025 The maximum value of torque angle aina syn- chronous motor is... degrees electrical (a) 45 (6) 90 (e) between 45 are 99 |) below 60 Asynchronous motor sunsing with normal excitation adjuss to load increases exsentially by inerease in its (a) power factor () torque angle (c) backems, (@) armature current, When load on a synehroneus motor running, ‘with normal excitation is increased, rmature current drawn by it inereases because (a) buck emf, becomes less than applied voltage V WW) power factor is decreased (ec) net resultant voltage £y in armature is Increased ld), motor speed is reduced ‘When load on a noemally-excited synchronous motor is increased, its power factor tends to 14. 16. 7. ‘Synchronous Motor 1533 (©) approach unity (®) become increasingly lagaing (6) become increasingly leading (d) remain uncbanged. The effect of increasing load an a symchronoas Tey foatey ol foal Goa (6) inrese bh it 7 ap > decom, gut laenest (meen 1 bu econ pt (a) decrease bth Jad pf Iynocing the effets of antares, elejutgn of asysctrouous tor roing With constr oad iaeeaed as rqueanglemust seca. (@) decree 0) inseme (2 nan cvs (0 Scie ti tn i ai, I the felé ofa synctronous mote is under- tele, te power face vill be (© lageing—()eading (© anky——(d) more han unity Ignoring the effects of armature reaction, if excitation of asynchronous motor running with constant loa is decreased fom it normal tae i eds (@ increase in ut decrease in, (0 incon in 5, bit dtr in (0 increase in both f, and pL which is logging, (0 tne ot a0 ‘Aspens mot casei Pars has a constant fl lad 04 exciton tad any pi On ctaaging ie exekaion oly, the anne euneat wl have (@) leading pi, with underexciaon (0) leading pi. wit over exiation (© lagging po. wit overexitaion (av nochange ofp. (Power App.l,Delhi Unt. tan 1967) the V-surves of syneiroous moot show eas Gores (@) exchion cient nd backem. (0) el em an ps, (@ de. od cent nd aan bent (sama cent aad spp olnge1534 Electrical Technology 1%, When Toad on synebronoas motor is in- 22. ia syachronons tothe rete Cotes re creased, itsarmature currents is increas-ed pro- met by vide itis (2) tor ng (a) normaly exited haaninter (0) overewied seni (©) underexcited os (a) alot te above 20. IP panin' field current of walientsyote 7+ A Sychranonk inachine js exe w:doubly- ‘synchronous motor fed from an infinite bus and ‘exclted machine beeanse fanning st noloa icreduedto sore, twould (2) itean be overexcitad (a) come 6 a nop (0) an wtf tor pols (Dh Selig lag Wien (ton i a str ae eased (©) run at sub-synchronous speed (d) it needs twice the normal exciting current. (2) runat supersyrehronous sped Pg ariel AL Lensyucnces inch whe ot ee pe (@) an ordinary static capacitor bank Preteens pear (0 on verted rnerono motor di geuemea oes (a) synchronous motor tame ip ipeondas (© anoverexcted setroous motor ran ning without mechanical fad te) inducton mtr trae (A) induction generator torque (@ mone of the above 623 (Power App.-I1, Dethi Univ. Jan. 1987) (Elect. Machines, A.MLE. See. B, 1993) ra ANSWERS hd 2d he Ab 5b be Vb Ba 9b Wed the Ib De ia Ha Wad 1D the Yd 2D 2d Bd Be Me