Before independence
History & development in Malaysia
After independence
HISTORY & DEVELOPMENT IN ASIA
(MIDDLE EAST)
Education is based on Islamic values and beliefs
Recognizes several religious ideas & opinions
such as Imam Al-Ghazali, Ibnu Sina and Ibnu
Khaldun
HISTORY & DEVELOPMENT IN ASIA
(INDIA)
The community in India receives education
based on their religion and beliefs
HISTORY & DEVELOPMENT IN ASIA
(CHINA)
The children of China attend kindergarten from 3 to 5 years old.
Government regulations from 1981 dictate three separate
learning levels; Junior (3 y.o), Middle (4 y.o), Senior (5 y.o)
China has also set rules and regulations outlining the
qualifications of kindergarten teachers
Funding sources: Government-funded or government-licensed
private & neighborhood programs, etc
It focuses on a group of children, rather than one to one teacher-
child interaction
HISTORY & DEVELOPMENT IN ASIA
(JAPAN)
The system of early childhood education in Japan is quite extensive," writes Susan D.
Halloway in the Early Childhood Research & Practice journal. "Over 90 percent of
Japanese children attend at least two years of a youchien (licensed preschool) or
hoikuen (child care center)
Funding sources: State & local governments (with some tuition contributed by
parents), but approximately 80 percent of children attend private preschools, some
of which are affiliated with a religious organization
The program is evaluated by the national government, which dictates the size,
facilities, and teacher qualifications
The schools are deeply influenced by Japan's rich religious beliefs: Christianity,
Buddhism, and Shinto
HISTORY & DEVELOPMENT IN ASIA
(MALAYSIA)
The development of early childhood
education in Malaysia happened in
two phases:
1)Before independence
2)After independence
HISTORY & DEVELOPMENT IN ASIA
(MALAYSIA – BEFORE INDEPENDENCE)
Early childhood education was run by the church voluntary body, private sector
and individuals
i. Influenced by the British education system
ii. Focuses only to the children of certain classes (status) who lived in the
urban area
iii. Rural area children with low-income did not receive any early education
before they start their formal education
HISTORY & DEVELOPMENT IN ASIA
(MALAYSIA – AFTER INDEPENDENCE)
In 1969, the Asia Foundation provided some education fund to the ‘Malaysian
Workers Corps’ to build preschool models using the Head Start program in
United States
In the early stage, the program involved 3 villages in Selangor; Kg. Muniandi, Kg.
Manggis and Kg. Sentosa
The main target for this program is the children from low-income families of
various culture
MALAYSIA
In 1970 Jabatan Kemajuan Masyarakat (KEMAS) started off
10 kindergarten classes named Taman Bimbingan Kanak-
kanak (TABIKA) in rural area
In 1970, Jabatan Perpaduan Negara build kindergartens as an
effort to unite various races in Malaysia
Teacher’s training started in 1972 to 1976 which was funded
by United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF) - 137 teachers,
KEMAS and education staff involved in the program
MALAYSIA
In 1992, Ministry of Education (MOE) started a pioneer
preschool called annex school
Preschool education officially stated in Act 550 (Education
Act 1996) as one of national education in Malaysia for
children aged 4 to 6
MALAYSIA
For children aged 4 and below, their program is under
Jabatan Kebajikan Masyarakat (JKM)
Act 308 (Daycare Act) in 194 has established to provide
protection and care for them