VINAYAKA MISSIONS UNIVERSITY

V.M.K.V.ENGINEEERING COLLEGE
DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS &INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERING
THIRD YEAR (SIXTH SEMESTER)
QUESTION BANK
ANALYTICAL INSTRUMENTS
UNIT- I P CONDUCTIVITY & DISSOLVED COMPONENT ANALYSER
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PART- A
1. How P of a solution is measured & gives the Nernst equation?
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2. What is the advantage of hydrogen electrode?

3. Discuss the disadvantages of glass electrode
4. Why ammonia gas added to the sample in Sodium analyser?
5. Give the design criteria of P meter?
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6. What is the difference between hydrogen and glass electrode?

7. What is mean by buffer solution?
8. What are the three main categories of failures in P meters?
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9. Mention the four types of selective-ion electrodes

10. Define moisture and give the types of measurement.
11. Explain the term pH value.
12. How is moisture content in a solid material expressed?
13. Why is reference electrode required for pH measurement?
14. List out some biosensors.
15. Define selective ion electrode
16. List out some of selective ion electrode
17. What is an advantage of glass electrodes?
18. What is a disadvantage of glass electrodes?
19. Write short notes on ammonia electrode
20. Define gas sensing electrode
21. Write short notes on liquid-liquid membrane electrode
22. What are ion analysers?
23. Write short notes on failure in pH meters
24. What is combination electrode?
25.what is chopper amplifier type Ph meters

PART-B
1. With the chemical reaction equations, explain about calomel electrode.
2. Explain the working of glass membrane electrode
3. Discuss about the null detector type pH meter with the neat diagram
4. Draw and explain the different types of ion selective Electrodes.
5. Discuss the principle of moisture measurement
6. Discuss about the direct reading type detector type pH meter with the neat diagram
7. Draw and explain the schematic of silica analyzer
8. With a neat diagram explain the working of sodium analyzer
9. Discus the dissolved oxygen analyser with a neat diagram
10. With a neat diagram explain the working principles of chopper amplifier type pH meters
 UNIT – II GAS ANALYSER
PART –A
1. What is the principle involved in thermal analyzer?
2. What is the application of infrared analysers?
3. What are the major sources of error in magnetic wing instrument
4. What is the principle of gas analyzer
5. What is the type of Dust monitoring analyzer?
6. Give the applications of ionization smoke meters
7. What is paramagnetic analyser?
8. What type of gas can be measured using IR analyser?
9. What is the principle of ionization smoke detectors?
10 What is the type of oxygen analyzer?
11. What is the need for monitoring the content of carbon monoxide in air?
12. Mention the applications for smoke meter.
13. Define paramagnetic compounds with example
14. List out the analyzer used under the principles of excitation of intramolecular energy-states
15. List out the analyzer used under the principles of electrochemical or chemical reactions energy-states
16. Write short notes on polarographic cells
17. Define IR gas analysers
18. write short notes on electrical type flow dust monitor
19. Name some analysers used for analyzing oxygen
20. Write the types of H S analysers
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21. Write the various types of industrial emission monitoring

22. Define photometric analyser
23. Write short notes on electro static type flow dust monitor
24. Write short notes on optical type flow dust monitor
25. Write short notes on reflector type flow dust monitor

PART – B
1. Discuss any two methods of thermal analysis
2. Explain how the infrared gas analysers used to determine CO in sample gas
3. Discuss the measurement of nitric oxide
4. Explain the principle of magnetic wind type oxygen analyzer with neat diagram
5. Discuss the type smoke measurement
6. Discuss the two methods for dust measurement
7. Draw and explain the thermal conductivity hot – wire analysis
8. Explain the principle of dumb bell type oxygen analyzer with neat diagram
9. Explain the various principles of hydrogen sulfide analyser
10. Explain the principle of analyzer based on gas density with neat diagram
 UNIT –III CHROMATOGRAPHY
PART – A
1. Define chromatography.
2. What are the different types of gas chromatography?
3. Define adsorption chromatography
4. Define partition chromatography
5. Define Normal phase chromatography
6. Define Reverse phase chromatography
7. Give criteria for compounds to be analysed by gas chromatography
8. Give the selection criteria for carrier gas.
9. List the detectors used in gas chromatography.
10. Write the features of thermal conductivity detector.
11. On what factor does the choice of detector will depend on liquid chromatography?
12. What are the different types of liquid chromatography?
13. What are the applications of HPLC?
14. What are the limitations of flame ionization detector?
15. What are the basics parts of chromatography?
16. List the three advantages of chromatography?
17. Mention some of gas chromatography?
18. What are the advantages of HPLC over the chromatography?
19. Name of the detector used in liquid chromatography?
20. Define partition coefficient
21. List out the name of carrier gases used in gas chromatography
22. Write a short note on column used in gas chromatography
23. Define retention time (Rt)
24. Define retention volume (Vr)
25. List out some applications of HPLC.

PART – B
1. Draw the schematic diagram of a gas chromatograph & explain the
Components.
2. Discuss any two types of detectors used in Gas Chromatography.
3. Explain the various types of columns used in gas chromatography
4. Draw & explain the instrumentation of HPLC in detail.
5. Describe in detail any two types of detectors used in Liquid
Chromatography.
6. Discuss the temperature control circuit for ovens in gas chromatography
7. Draw and explain the principle of differential flame ionization detector
8. Draw and explain the principle of operation katharometer detector in gas
Chromatography
9. Explain in detail:
(i) Thermionic emission detector
(ii) Electron capture detector
10.Explain advantage and applications of HPLC in detail.
 UNIT –IV SPECTROPHOTOMETERS
PART –A
1. State Beer’s law.
2. Name the types of detectors used for IR spectrometer.
3. Name the different types of spectrophotometers.
4. Give any two applications of flame emission spectrometry.
5. Specify the classification of IR region of spectrum.
6. Name the IR radiation sources.
7. Give the advantages of grating monochromators
8. Give four different techniques used for sampling of solids.
9. Name two different types of IR spectrometers
10. Give the advantages and disadvantages of Fourier transform IR spectrometers.
11. Define spectroscopy
12. Define molecular spectroscopy
13. Define atomic spectroscopy
14. Write short notes on magnetic spectroscopy
15. Write short notes on EMR
16. What is monochromators?
17. Define isosbestic point
18. Write short notes on Fourier transform IR spectrometers
19. List out the applications of UVspectrophotometers
20. Write short notes on flame photometer
21. Write the criteria for a compound to absorb IR radiation
22. Write the principle of IR spectrometers
23. Write the merits and demerits of single beam colorimeter
24. Write short notes on grating
25. Define chromophore

PART – B
1. Explain the single beam & double beam instruments used in UV
spectrophotometer.
2. Draw & explain the schematic diagram of a typical double beam IR
spectrometer.
3. What are non-dispersive spectrometers? Explain in detail the FTIR
spectrometer. What are the advantages of the same?
4. Draw & explain the arrangement of the major parts of single beam &
double beam Atomic absorption spectrometer.
5. Explain with neat diagram about Flame emission spectrometer.
6. What are the various types of detectors used in IR spectrophotometers? Explain.
7. Draw and explain the essential parts of flame photometry
8. Discuss the various sample handling technique in IR spectrophotometer.
9. Discuss the sources of errors in spectrophotometric measurement
10. What are the various sources in UV visible spectrophotometer? Explain.
 UNIT – V NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE AND RADIATION TECHNIQUES

PART - A
1. What is the basic principle of NMR?
2. Define NMR? Give the expression for the chemical shift.
3. Write any three applications of NMR Spectrometer.
4. Mention the limitations of NMR Spectrometer..
5. Mention the advantages of Mass spectrometry.
6. What are the various parts of the Mass spectrometer?
7. How can we obtain the NMR absorption spectra?
8. What is the principle behind the GM counter?
9. What is the dead time in GM counter?
10. Define Absorption, Fluorescence, and Diffraction in X-ray Spectrometers.
11. Write short notes on RF transmitter and detector in NMR spectroscopy
12. Give a note on solvent requirement in NMR spectroscopy
13. Define chemical shift in NMR spectroscopy
14. Write the basic principles of Mass spectrometry.
15. List out the different types Mass spectrometry.
16. Define electron impact Mass spectrometry.
17. Define chemical ionization Mass spectrometry.
18. Define collimators.
19. List out the detectors used in X-ray Spectrometers
20. Define x-ray diffraction meter
21. Define x-ray Absorption meter
22. Write short notes on fluorescence spectrometry
23. Define electron probe microanalyser
24. Write short notes on detectors used in NMR spectroscopy
25.list out the various types of solid state detectors.

PART –B
1. What is the basic principle of NMR? Discuss the working principle of
NMR spectrophotometer & give its applications.
2. Draw the block diagram of a pulsed Fourier Transform NMR
Spectrometer & explain its working principle.
3. Describe the working principle of GM counter
4. With a neat diagram explain proportional counter in detail.
5. Draw the block diagram showing the major components of a Mass
Spectrometer & describe.
6. Explain the X-Ray spectroscopy in detail.
7. Discuss the operating techniques for enhancing the sensitivity of NMR spectroscopy
8. Explain the principle of operation of scintillation counter
9. Discuss the various applications of NMR spectroscopy
10. Write short notes on semiconductor detector.