Chapter 72 Cash Discounts, Credit Terms and Partial Payments
Review
list price chain net price single traded net price
discount equivalent equivalent discount
rate rate
$599 3/1
$199 8/4/3
$269 7/3/1
list price chain net price single traded net price
discount equivalent equivalent discount
rate rate
$599 3/1 .9603 .0397 $23.78 $575.22
$199 8/4/3 .8567 .1433 $28.52 $170.48
$268 7/3/1 .8930 .107 $28.78 $240.22
Definitions:
Cash Discount a discount for prompt payment
Credit Period the time period that sellers give buyers to pay their
invoices
Discount Period a cash discount or reduction if buyers pay
invoices within a specified time
Ordinary Dating Method the buyers cash discount period begins
with the invoice date
Receipt of Goods (ROG) the cash discount period begins when
the buyer receives the goods
Freight/Shipping not included in any discounts
FOB Shipping Point free on board at shipping point buyer pays
the freight costs of getting the gods
FOB Destination the seller pays the freight cost until it reaches the
buyer’s place of business
For example:
2/10, n/30 says “two ten, net thirty”, and it means that the buyer can
take a 2% cash discount on the gross amount of the invoice if they
pay within 10 days from the invoice date. If buyers miss the
discount period, the net amount without a discount is due
between day 11 and day 30.
Example: $400 invoice dated July 5: terms 2/10, n/30; no freight;
paid on July 11.
Step #1 Calculate the end of the 2% discount period
July 5 date of invoice
+ 10 days = July 15 (end of 2% discount period)
Step #2 calculate the end of the credit period
July 5 date of invoice
+ 30 days = August 4 (end of the credit period)
Step #3 Calculate the payment on July 11 (which is during the 2%
cash discount period)
$400 x .02 (2%) = $8 cash discount
$400 $8 = $392 paid
2/10, 1/15, n/30
two ten, one fifteen, net thirty
The buyer will receive a 2% discount if they pay within 10 days of
the invoice date. Between day 11 and day 15 from the date on the
invoice they will receive a 1% discount. The net amount is due 30
days from the invoice date.
Example: $600 invoice dated May 8; $100 of freight included in the
invoice price; paid on May 22. Terms 2/10, 1/15, n/30
Step #1 Calculate the end of the 2% discount period
May 8 (date of invoice)
+ 10 days = May 18 (end of 2% discount period)
Step #2 Calculate the end of the 1% discount period
May 18 (end of 2% discount period)
+ 5 days = May 23 (end of 1% discount period)
Step #3 Calculate the end of the credit period
May 8 (date of invoice)
+ 30 = June 7 (end of credit period)
Step #4 Calculate the payment on May 22 (1% discount date)
$600 invoice $100 freight (freight not included in discount)
$500 x 1% = 500 x .01 = 5
$500 5 = $495 + $100 freight = $595
End of Month (EOM)
Different rules for invoices dated before or after the 25th of the
month
If an invoice is dated before and including the 25th of the month,
the discount period begins with the 1st of the next month.
If an invoice is dated after the 25th of the month (from the 26th on),
the discount period begins with the 1st of the following month.
For example:
$600 invoice dated July 6; no freight; terms 1/10 EOM; paid on
August 8
Step #1 Calculate the end of the 1% discount period
August 110
Step #2 Calculate the payment of August 8
$600 x .99 = $594 (1% discount is the same as multiplying by 99%
or .99)
Example #2
$800 invoice dated April 29; no freight; terms 2/10 EOM; payment
made on June 18
Step #1 Calculate the end of the 2% discount period
June 110 (June instead of May)
Step #2 Calculate the payment due on June 18
No discount $800 due
Partial Payments
If a buyer can make only a partial payment during the discount
period with the balance due after that, it is calculated as follows:
Step #1 Calculate the complement of the discount rate
Step #2 Divide the partial payment by the complement of the
discount rate this gives the amount credited
Step #3 Subtract step 2 from the total owed. This is the
outstanding balance
Example:
Invoice amount of $400 with terms of 2/10, n/30. Within 10 days a
payment was made of $80. How much is still due?
Step #1 100% 2% = 98% = .98 (complement)
Step #2 $80 divided by .98 = $81.63
Step #3 $400 $81.63 (partial payment) = $318.37 (outstanding
balance)
Try These:
#1 Vasco Corp. receives an invoice for equipment with an $8000
list price. The invoice is dated May 26, with terms of 2/10 EOM.
Vasco Corp. receives as trade discount of 20%, and pays the
invoice on July 3. How much should they pay?
#2 An invoice for $600 is received dated September 30 with terms
2/10, 1/15, n/30, and on October 3 $400 was paid. What is the
outstanding balance?
#1 $8000 x .8 = $6,400 (net price list price with a 20% discount)
Discount period ends July 10
$6,400 x .98 = $6,272 (reflects 2% discount)
#2 $400 divided by .98 = $408.16 (the partial payment divided by
the complement of the discount)
$600 $408.16 = $191.84 (remaining balance)
Homework pages 198 examples 79 through 720
Gross Freight Date of Terms Date of Cash Net
invoice Charge Invoice Payment Discount Amount
Paid
$7,000 $100 4/8 2/10, 4/15
n/60
$600 none 8/1 3/10, 8/13
2/15,
n/30
Gross Freight Date of Terms Date of Cash Net
invoice Charge Invoice Payment Discount Amount
Paid
$7,000 $100 4/8 2/10, 4/15 $138 $6,862
n/60
$600 none 8/1 3/10, 8/13 $12 $588
2/15,
n/30