PHYSICS
F - g—r-
where
F = gravitational force
s
w i,w 2 mass of bodies
d = distance between the centers of gravity of the two bodies.
s 2
g = gravitational constant 32.2 ft/s
2
= 981 cm/s
28.02 Acceleration—Forces
The absolute unit is the dyne which expresses the force that produces
acceleration, i.e., a change in momentum on a body at rest or in motion.
F = force
a = acceleration
m = mass
Mass expresses the quantity of matter. The metric unit for mass is the
gram, the English unit is the pound.
F
m = —
a
Weight is defined as the force with which a body is attracted toward the
earth.
w = mg
W = Fs
Work is expressed as the product of the force acting on a body and the
distance the body has moved against the resistance.
28.06 Power
W
P = —
t
Metric units
joules
watts =
seconds
English units
ft-lb/min
horsepower =
33,000
ft-lb/s
550
Conversions
7
one watt = 1.0 X 1 0 ergs/s
one kilowatt = 1000 watt
one hp = 550 ft-lb/s
= 33,000 ft-lb/min
= 746 watt
296 CEMENT MANUFACTURER'S HANDBOOK
c p - c +R
v
where
m = Ms
where
Example
H 0
2 i c e —> H 0 2 l i q > = - 1 4 4 Btu/lb
= - 80 cal/g
= - 1 5 5 8 cal/mole
Example
H 0
2 I i q . —>H O
2 v a p o r = 970.2 Btu/lb
539 cal/g
= 10,500 cal/mole
ABtCD = AC+BD+h
then
ABi-CD = AC+BD-a-b+c+d
and
h = c + <i-(úr + ¿>)
where
kcal
J =
426.9
Btu
/ =
1694.1
where
_ Wi£i7i + W C Z
2 2 2 + .. . at constant
'final pressure
WlC +WC + 1 2 2
c = specific heat
v
at constant
28.14 Gas Mixtures volume
P,p = pressure
Pl + P +
P3 + - . - w = weight
Pf 2
V,v = volume
Wj + W +W 2 3 + . . .
T = absolute
a
temperature
W Cp 1 1 +W Cp 2 2 + ...
T - final abso-
af
lute tem-
K + V + F + ...
1 2 3
perature
PiVi +P V 2 2 + ... t - temperature
PiVi PiV tf = final temper-
2 +
ature
1 1
Ql Q 2 R = gas constant
(m-kg/f/kg/
PiVi +P V 2 2 + ... °C)
RW
This is defined as the ratio of the force required to move one body over
the other to the total force pressing the two bodies together.
k =
Ft
300 CEMENT MANUFACTURER'S HANDBOOK
L = Fd
where
L = torque (dyne-cm),
F = force that produces rotation about center (dyne), and
d = perpendicular distance from the line of action of the force to the
axis (cm).