A Report on Structure Analysis and Design of Residential Building 2018

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A REPORT ON
STRUCTURE ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF
RESIDENTIAL BUILDING

Client: Mr. Deepak Giri

Project: Residential Building Design
Site Location: Gattaghar,Kathmandu
Designed by: Er. Binod Raj Giri

Aarsavin Engineering Associates Pvt. Ltd.

A Report on Structure Analysis and Design of Residential Building 2018

Project: Structure Analysis and Design of Residential Building

Introduction:

Earthquakes are defined as earth’s surface vibrations caused by waves originating from a source of
disturbance in the earth mass. Earthquake is caused by volcanic eruption, slipping of faults i.e.
tectonic activities, big reservoirs, explosion etc.

In case of Nepal, slipping of faults i.e. tectonic activities cause earthquake because there are number
of active faults and thrusts in Nepal. Nepal’s geology is very young and hazardous. Also it lies in
the boundary of two seismically very active tectonic plates of the world i.e. Indian plate and Tibetan
Plate. It is also said that the Indian plate is moving toward the Tibetan Plate, which cause the
slippage of the faults causing the big earthquake. Thus Nepal is very vulnerable with respect to
seismic activities.

Though the time of shaking of earth mass is very small in fraction of seconds, it causes very severe
damages of properties as well as the lives. Nepal has so many experiences about such destructive
earthquakes. Out of them 1990 B.S and 2045 B.S are the recently known ones.

Thus the seismic structural design of structures is found to be very essential for countries like
Nepal. The structures need to be designed and detailed so as to counteract, the internal forces
induced due to the earth mass shaking in base of these structures. The design should ensure the
structure against stability, strength and serviceability with acceptable levels of seismic safety.

However, it would not be economically feasible to design the building so as to ensure that they
remain elastic and damage-free because the occurrence of maximum earthquakes is low say one in
75 years. Thus it is reliable to design the ductile structure and not to design damage free structure
but not-collapsible structure for minimum destruction in lives and properties. The design should
ensure the structure against stability, strength and serviceability with acceptable levels of seismic
safety.

Thus the seismic design of the building is done and the brief has been prepared.

Project Statement:

Building is 2½ storey Residential building developed over total area of 878.34 Sq Ft and having
ground coverage of 565.09 sq. ft. with total floor area of 1649.76 sq. ft. including all plans and top
floor.

The site is located in seismic zone V on a site with medium soil and is designed for seismic loads as
per IS 1893(Part-I): 2002. The design loads other than earthquake loads are considered as IS 875
(part 1) – 1987 for unit weight of the building material and IS 875 (part 2) – 1987 for Imposed load.
A Report on Structure Analysis and Design of Residential Building 2018

1.General

1.1 Type of the Building is Residential building.

1.2 230mm (9”) thick external Brick wall and 110mm (4”) thick partition wall with 15 mm plaster on
both sides are considered.

1.3 All the slabs are supported by floor beams and behave as flanged beam section.

1.4 The main beam rest centrally on columns to avoid local eccentricity.

1.5 The following Concrete Grades are used for the structural members

M20 – Column, Footing, Beam, slab and other structural elements

1.6 Steel Grade of Fe – 500 is used for longitudinal reinforcement and Shear reinforcement
respectively.

1.7 Column of size used is as follows,

Type-A (12’’ X 12’’)

1.8 The floors diaphragms are assumed to be rigid.

1.9 Centre-line dimensions are assumed for analysis and design.

1.10 Preliminary sizes of structural components are assumed by experience.

1.11 For analysis purpose, the beams are assumed to be rectangular so as to distribute slightly larger
moment in columns. In practice a beam that fulfils requirement of flanged section in design,
behaves in between a rectangular and a flanged section for moment distribution.

1.12 Seismic loads are considered acting in the horizontal direction (along either of the two principal
directions) and not along the vertical direction, since it is not considered to be significant.
A Report on Structure Analysis and Design of Residential Building 2018

2. Data of the Building

The Design data are as follow.

Live Load : 2 kN/m2 at all room

: 3 at passage,balcony,store,staircase waist slab

: 1.5KN/m2 at accessible roof slab

Floor Finish : 1.15 kN/m2 at roof

Location : Gattaghar, Kathmandu

Wind Load : Since earthquake loads exceed the

wind load is not considered.

Earthquake Load : As per IS 1893(Part-I): 2002

Type of soil : Type II, Medium as per IS 1893(Part-I): 2002

Allowable bearing pressure : 100 KN/m2 (as per Site Condition)

Type of Footing : Isolated Footing

Depth of Footing : 5’0” (Concrete Grade-M20)

Storey Height : All floors - 9’-0”

Floors : Three floors

Walls : 230mm thick (1:6CM) brick masonry as external

110 mm thick (1:4CM) brick masonry as partition wall

Material Properties

Concrete

>M20 Grade: for column, footing, beam, slab, shear wall and other structural elements

Ec = 5000 √fck N/mm2 = 22360 N/mm2 = 22360 MN/m2

Steel

HYSD reinforcement of grade Fe 500 and confirming to IS: 1786 is used throughout.

3. Geometry of the Building

The shape of the building is rectangular.

A Report on Structure Analysis and Design of Residential Building 2018

3.1 Storey Number

Storey numbers are given to the portion of the building between two successive grids of beams in
Z- direction. For the building, the storey numbers and ID are defined as follow.

Portion of the building Storey No. Storey

Ground floor - Ground floor 1 ST#-01
First floor - First floor 2 ST#-02
Fourth Floor – Roof Floor 3 ST#-03

4. Gravity load calculations

4.1 Unit Load Calculation

Sizes of structural member sections are:

Column:

 Type-A ( 12’’ X 12’’)

Main Beam :

 Type 1( 9” X 1’2” )

Floor Slab Thickness: 5”

Self-weights of all structural members will be calculated and add by the analysis software itself. And, the other dead
weights (ie Wall Load, Partition wall Load, Finishing Loads) are calculated as per following;

References S.N. Calculation/Analysis Output

γ =19 KN/m3 1. Masonry Load Calculation External Wall Load Intensity W1=8.33KN/m
m
IS 875 part-I-1987 table1,36 External Wall Load Calculation Internal Wall Load Intensity W2=3.7KN/m
External Wall Thicjness=9” External Wall Load Intensity W1=γ *b*h Parapet Wall Load Intensity W2=1.93KN/m
m
Internal Wall Thickness=4” =19*0.2286*2.74
=11.9 KN/m
Deducting 30% for void opening,
=11.9*0.7
=8.33KN/m
Internal/Partition Wall Load Calculation
Internal Wall Load Intensity W2= γ *b*h
m
=19*0.1016*2.74
=5.29 KN/m
Deducting 30% for void opening,
=5.29*0.7
=3.70KN/m
Parapet Wall Load Calculation
Internal Wall Load Intensity W3= γ *b*h
m
=19*0.1016*1
=1.93 KN/m
Unit Weight of cement Plaster 2. Floor Finish Load Calculation Floor Finish Load Intensity FF=1.15 KN/m2
A Report on Structure Analysis and Design of Residential Building 2018

γ =20.4 KN/m3 Dead Load From 0.5” plaster=γ *t

ce ce
IS 875 part-I-1987 table1 =20.4*0.0127
=0.259 KN/m2
Unit Weight of cement Plaster Mortar Screeding =0.21 KN/m2
γ =26.7 KN/m3 Dead Load From 1” Marble finish=26.7*0.0254
mb
IS 875 part-I-1987 table1 =0.68 KN/m2
Total Floor Finish Load=0.259+0.21+0.68
=1.15 KN/m2
IS 875 part-I-1987 table 1 i 3 Imposed Live Load Intensity Live Load Intensity room (P )=2 KN/m2
a
2
All rooms and Kitchen (La)=2 KN/m Live Load Intensity other (P )=3 KN/m2
a
Corridor, Staircase, Store, Balcony (Lo)=3 KN/m2 Roof Live Load Intensity accessible (P )=1.5 KN/m2
L
Accessible Roof Live Load Intensity (PL )=1.5 KN/m2 Roof Live Load Intensity not accessible (P )=1.5
L
Not Accessible Roof Live Load Intensity (PL )=0.75 KN/m2 KN/m2

4.2 Slab Load Calculations

As self weight of all structural members are calculated and add by analysis software itself, the live
load, floor finishing load and partition load is assigned as per following

Roof
First FL. Second FL
Component FL.
(ST#-01) (ST#-02)
(ST#-03)
Loads (DL+LL) (DL+LL) (DL+LL)

Live Load (0.0+2.0/3.0) (0.0+2.0/3.0) (0.0+1.5)

Finishing
(1.15+0.0) (1.15+0.0) (1.15+0)
Load
Partition
(1.2+0.0) (1.2+0.0) (0.0+0.0)
Load

Parapet (0.0+0.0) (1.93+0.0) (1.93+0.0)

Total: (2.35+2.0/3.0) (4.28+2.0/3.0) (3.08+1.5)

Seismic Analysis

The building model has been analyzed as per IS 1893(part-I): 2002 in the analysis software which
will automatically calculate the seismic forces.
A Report on Structure Analysis and Design of Residential Building 2018

AUTO SEISMIC LOAD CALCULATION

Case: EQX

AUTO SEISMIC INPUT DATA

Direction: X

Typical Eccentricity = 5%
Eccentricity Overrides: No

Period Calculation: Program calculated

User T = 0.364

Top Story: Top floor

Bottom Story: BASE

Response reduction factor, R = 5 [IS 1893(Part 1):2002, Clause 6.4.2, Table-7]

Zone Factor, Z = 0.36 [IS 1893(Part 1):2002, Clause 6.4.2, Table-2]
Soil Type = II [IS 1893(Part 1):2002, Clause 6.4.2, Figure-2]
Importance Factor, I = 1 [IS 1893(Part 1):2002, Clause 6.4.2, Table-6]

AUTO SEISMIC CALCULATION FORMULAS

Design Seismic Base Shear, V = Ah * W [IS 1893(Part 1):2002, Clause 7.5.3]

where,

Ah = Design horizontal acceleration spectrum value as per Clause 6.4.2, using the fundamental
natural period T, as per 7.6 in the considered direction of vibration
W = Seismic weight of the building as per Clause 7.4.2.
Therefore,
V = Z I Sa W / (2 R g)
Spectral Acceleration Coefficient, (Sa/g) is taken as per followings,

Sa/g = 1 + 15T for 0.00 <= T <= 0.10

Sa/g = 2.5 for 0.10 <= T <= 0.55 (Soil Type II)
Sa/g = 1.36/T for 0.55 <= T <= 4.00 (Soil Type II)
[IS 1893(Part 1):2002, Clause 6.4.2, Fig.-2]

AUTO SEISMIC CALCULATION RESULTS

T Used = 0.364 sec

C Used = 0.0900
W Used = 1866.84 KN
V Used = 0.0900W = 168.01 KN
A Report on Structure Analysis and Design of Residential Building 2018

Similarly in Y-direction,

Case: EQY

AUTO SEISMIC INPUT DATA

Direction: Y
Typical Eccentricity = 5%
Eccentricity Overrides: No

Period Calculation: Program Calculated

User T = 0.364
Top Story: TOP STORY
Bottom Story: BASE

R=5
Z = 0.36
Soil Type = II
I=1

AUTO SEISMIC CALCULATION FORMULAS

V = Z I Sa W / (2 R g)

Sa/g = 1 + 15T for 0.0 <= T <= 0.1

Sa/g = 2.5 for 0.1 <= T <= 0.55 (Soil Type II)
Sa/g = 1.36/T for 0.55 <= T <= 4.0 (Soil Type II)

AUTO SEISMIC CALCULATION RESULTS

T Used = 0.364 sec

C Used = 0.0900
W Used = 1866.8465 KN

V Used = 0.0900W =168.01 KN

5. Analysis By Space Frame

The space frame is modeled using standard structure analysis software. The gravity loads are taken
as per above calculations and design data considered, and the earthquake loads are taken in figure
(as shown above) as calculated by the analysis software. The basic load cases are shown in below,
where X and Y are lateral orthogonal directions.
A Report on Structure Analysis and Design of Residential Building 2018

6. Load Combinations
Following loads have been considered in the static analysis of the building as per IS 875-1987
1. Dead Load (DL)
2. Live load (LL)
3. Earthquake load in +ve X-direction (+EQX)
4. Earthquake load in –ve X-direction (-EQX)
5. Earthquake load in +ve Y-direction (+EQy)
6. Earthquake load in –ve Y-direction (-EQy)

Earthquake load must be considered for +X, -X, +Y and –y directions. Thus ±E above implies 4
cases, and in all, 13 cases (as shown below) must be considered. Since large amount of data is
difficult to handle manually, all load combinations are analyzed using software.
For design of various building elements (beams or columns), the design data may be collected from
computer output. For above load combinations, analysis is performed and results of deflections in
each storey and forces in various elements are obtained.

6.1 Load combinations used for design

Following 14 load combinations have been adopted as per IS 875: 1987 for the design of frame
members:
1.5 DL
1.5 (DL + LL)
1.2 (DL + LL + EQX)
1.2 (DL + LL - EQX)
1.2 (DL + LL + EQY)
1.2 (DL + LL - EQY)
1.5 (DL + EQX)
1.5 (DL - EQX)
1.5 (DL + EQY)
1.5 (DL - EQY)
0.9 (DL + 1.5 EQX)
0.9 (DL - 1.5 EQX)
0.9 (DL + 1.5 EQY)
0.9 (DL - 1.5 EQY)

7. Storey Drift
AS Per Clause no 7.11.1 of IS 1983 (Part 1): 2002, the storey drift in any storey due to specified
design lateral force with partial load factor of 1.0, shall not exceed 0.004 times the storey height.
From the frame analysis the displacement of the mass centers of various floors are obtained and are
shown in following table along with storey drift.

TABLE: Story Drifts

X Y Z
Story Load Case/Combo Direction Drift Label
m m m
Story3 EQX 1 X 0.00063 25 0.127 2.0828 8.22
Story3 EQY 1 Y 0.0008 26 8.1036 6.8326 8.22
Story2 EQX 1 X 0.00099 20 0 6.985 5.48
Story2 EQY 1 Y 0.00113 20 0 6.985 5.48
Story1 EQX 1 X 0.00086 20 0 6.985 2.74
Story1 EQY 1 Y 0.00094 20 0 6.985 2.74
Since maximum drift permitted is 0.4% .ie 1/250, the above drifts are less than it. Hence it is safe.
A Report on Structure Analysis and Design of Residential Building 2018

8. Design of Structural Elements with E-TABS 2016 Ultimate version 16.2.0 output.

The End moments and Shears at different location of selected structural elements for above
mentioned Load combination and load cases are obtained from computer analysis (E-TABS v
16.2.0).

BEAMS

For the design of beams shear force and bending moments at three locations of each beams are
considered; at mid sections and at end of the member and both max +ve and –ve BM are considered
for each section. Hence we have six design BM and three SF values for each beam.

COLUMNS

Columns are designed for axial load and Bi-axial Bending Moments. Hence columns forces are
sorted for Max axial force and Moments in direction X and Y.

FOUNDATION

Isolated footing is designed at each of the ground floor column base using the reaction (output file
of E-TABS 2016 Ultimate v 16.2.0 analysis) obtained from the 3-D structural modeling of the
building.

9. Summary and Conclusion

Residential building with simple configuration has been fully designed using a computer program,
ETABS 2016 Ultimate v16.2.0 All the required design details of beam, column and footing have been
presented.

Possible best-approaches have been adopted for most-economical design yet fulfilling all the
requirements for important building. Due considerations have been given to the probable increase
in load and strength as a partial factor of safety.

Also, double tie-beams, on regular tie-beam at plinth level and one at top level of footing-pad is
specified as the building is being constructed in high seismicity area. During construction, it is
mandatory to follow IS13920, regarding provision of stirrups and ties, development lengths, splices
and other detailing. Band at sill and lintel are provided to increase lateral strength of wall and to
improve opening weakness on wall.

Strict Control over quality of materials and workmanship is required for expected performance of
building in future. Hence, following shall be considered during construction works to obtain
expected results.

A. General:
 All works to be carried out in accordance with current best practice, Building Regulations,
the project specification and relevant Nepal Building Code(NBC), Indian Standards and
Codes of Practice. Materials and components to be appropriate for their intended use.
A Report on Structure Analysis and Design of Residential Building 2018

 The construction-works shall only be carried-out by trained mason with supervision of

Engineer.
 During construction, the contractor shall be responsible for maintaining the structure in a
stable condition and ensuring no part shall be damaged under construction activities.
 Workmanship and materials are to be in accordance with the relevant current Standards
including all amendments and the local statutory authorities, except where varied by the
contract document.
 All coarse aggregate used shall be crushed stone aggregate. The nominal size of coarse-
aggregate for RC bands and splints shall not exceed 12.5mm.
 Clean sand, with minimum silt and free from clay and organic materials shall be used.
 Ordinary Portland cement conforming to IS 269:1976 shall be used for all cement works.
 At least 48 hours’ notice shall be provided for all engineering inspections.

B. Structural:
 Cast-In-Situ concrete/micro-concrete shall have minimum 28 days’ compressive cube
strength of 20N/mm² for all structural members unless otherwise stated.
 The concrete compressive strength shall be measured on 150*150*150mm cube at 28 days, for
various structural elements.
 Reinforcing steel shall be TOR having minimum yield strength of 415N/mm². However,
TMT rebar with ultimate strain not less than 14.5% can also be used.
 Cover to main reinforcing steel be in accordance with IS 456:1978 & as specified in the
structural drawings.
 Clear Cover of Concrete shall not be less than that given below:
 Concrete surface at soil = 50mm
 Concrete on PCC, Bricks, STONE, etc. = 25mm
 Unless otherwise specified, all horizontal & vertical construction joints shall be roughened.
 A minimum of 48 hours’ notice shall be given to the Engineer before applying plaster,
concrete/micro concrete is poured, in order that the formwork and/or reinforcement may
be inspected.
 All R.C.C work shall be continuously cured for 14-days.
 All cement plaster works shall be continuously cured for 7 days.
 Any damage to surface during erection/construction is to be made good.
A Report on Structure Analysis and Design of Residential Building 2018

SUMMARY DATA ( ETABS RESULTS)