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$Gram_(+)_Bacilli
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corticosterone, in chains
has (1) Gram
which has(+) rods in chains
glucocorticoid
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What is the CD4+ threshold for the development of can be treated with Penicillin
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/r/medicalschoolanki Microbiology Cards
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in white patches in the oral cavity that can be cestode;
results intinnea
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patches in the oral cavity that can NOT be
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What significant laboratory finding is associated with scraped away pic (H) from first aid 2017
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Inhibit actin depolymerization Botulism spores
necrosis of colonic mucosa
Pepper Micro (Clostridium difficile) MOA: C. Difficile Exotoxin B ⇒ Pseudomembrane (3) 8 segments ⇒ Pseudomembrane
(3) 8 segments
Pepper Micro (Orthomyxovirus) Name the only Enterobacteriaceae which is an obligate picture
Extra A3screenshots Name the only gram (-) bacillus which is an obligate
Pepper Micro (Pseudomonas Aeruginosa) aerobe Pseudomonas aerobe
Pepper Micro Concepts
Microbiology (Yersinia /enterocolitica)
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Zanki Immunology + General Pathology antigens to CD4+
What phase of the cytotoxic
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What phase of the helper T cells
cell cycle do mismatch base repairs occur?
Zanki molecularbiochem round 1 {{c1::G2}} {{c1::S}}

The femoral nerve L2-L4 (nerve roots) provides sensory The femoral nerve L2-L4 (nerve roots) provides sensory
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Zanki Musculoskeletal / Musculoskeletal innervation to the quadriceps, iliopsoas, pectineus, and innervation to the quadriceps, iliopsoas, pectineus, and
Anatomy/Physio
(I still haven't figured out how to see all the internal oblique. sartorius
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cause unopposed to be effective
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Zanki
Zanki Pharmacology/Autonomic
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the synthesis {{c1::HDL}} (lipoprotein) for {{c1::cocaine}}
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pharmacology
Zanki Pharmacology/Immunology & via upregulation
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around of PPAR-α
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Biochemistry
Zanki PharmaologyPharmacology
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treat an acute opioid overdose in an unconscious
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Zanki
Zanki Step
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Biochemistry::Metabolism
Zanki Step Decks::Zanki Cardiovascular::Cardio {{c1::electrical alterans}}, which occurs due to "swinging" axis between beats and a {{c1::decreased::increased/decreased}}
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Pathology
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Pulmonic area (systolic
Physiology + Embryo, Anatomy
Zanki Step Decks::Zanki Cardiovascular::Cardio Where is a murmur
What effect does thedue to squatting
rapid atrial septal defect the
maneuver loudest?
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intensity a murmur due to murmurs?
aortic stenosis atrial septalMitral
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the loudest? ejection
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Physiology + Embryo, Anatomy
Zanki Step Decks::Zanki Endocrine::Endocrine intensity of aortic stenosis murmurs? Increased intensity Ventricular Septal Defect? scenarios
Physiology
Zanki step decks::Zanki Endocrine::Endocrine {{c1::Inhibits secretion, directly}} {{c1::Inhibits secretion, directly}}
PHysiology
Zanki step decks::Zanki Endocrine::Endocrine Which enzyme inhibits thyroid peroxidase only? methimazole Which drug inhibits
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Zanki Step Decks::Zanki Hematology & philic
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Zanki
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thoughts/anxiety about inconsistent with their own beliefs or attitudes
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Zanki
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What equation is used to calculate absolute risk
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Zanki Step Decks::Zanki Renal::Renal Pathology {{c1::Radiolucent}} n/a radiopaque
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Zanki Step Decks/Zanki Biochemistry/Metaboli {{c1::acetyl-CoA}} {{c1::acetyl-CoA}}
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Zanki Step
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GI/GI Pathology
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gastrin-releasingsyndrome
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peptide
Embryo,
Zanki StepAnatomy
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Embryo,
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Embryo, Anatomy
Zanki Step Decks/Zanki Hematology & around the {{c1::superior mesenteric}} artery
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Ig{{c2:M}}-mediated immune hemolytic anemia usually
Oncology/Pathoma RBC
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Oncology/Pathoma RBC Hematology &
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Factor V of the coagulation
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factor {{c1::Xa}} Factor
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factor {{c1::IIa}}
Oncology/Pathoma RBC Hematology &
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Oncology/Pathoma RBC
Zanki Step Decks/Zanki Hematology & (intrinsic pathway) (intrinsic
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the coagulation cascade may be activated by
Oncology/Pathoma RBC
Zanki Step Decks/Zanki Immunology + General Factor X of the coagulation cascade may be activated by factor {{c1::VII}} (extrinsic pathway factor {{c1::VIIa}} (extrinsic pathway)
Pathology/Immunology
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Pathology/Immunology {{c1::Macrophages (early HIV infection)}}
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Pathology/Immunology
Pathology/Pathoma Chapter 1 (Cell Injury, sites available to bind epitopes
Pathologic generation of free radicals arises with ionizing sites available to bind epitopes
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inability to generate HClO (hypochlorous acid) radicals.
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Injury, Death)
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Neurosciences excitatory neuron dominant PKD is due to a PKD1
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Zanki step decks/Zanki
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Zanki Step Decks/Zanki Pathology which mimics {{c1::Sjogren}} syndrome
The {{c2::HCO3-}} in red blood cells (from H2CO3) is crack"
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Zanki Step Decks/Zanki Physiology transported into the plasma in exchange for {{c1::Cl-}}
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{{c1::hypotension}} (blood pressure) hypertension) just a typo)
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card claiming to the
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Rationale Source/citation
image has red rocks in chains could cause confusion in memorization FA 2017 134.2
Corticosterone is produced in the zona glomerulosa, not in the zona fasciculata https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corticosterone
Inhibiting phosphorylation, via oligomycin, will block oxygen consumption without inhibiting any steps in the electron transfer chain. BRS Biochemistry 6th ed, pp 179
y
Pasturella is not gram +
typo http://www.info.gov.hk/aids/pdf/g190htm/22.htm and USMLE Rx videos

Sketchy screenshot in card

Pathoma Ch 7.1 video @ 21:10
In infant botulism, the baby does not ingest toxin; instead, spores from the botulism bacteria https://www.healthcentral.com/encyclopedia/i/infant-botulism
Toxin B causes depolymerization of actin (hence why the child is shown chewing the black licorice in the Sketchy video) SketchyMicro video for Clostridium difficile
negative senseistonot
Pseudomonas positive (hence
a member of the moon in the background)
Enterobacteriaceae. However, it appears to be the only gram (-) rod in Sketchy that's an obligate aerobe %2C_and_Experiments/Microbiology_Labs_II/Lab_12%3A_Isolation_and_Identification_of_Enterobacteriaceae_and_Pseudomonas
(which is perhaps the fact that Pepper was trying to get at) %2C_Part_1

Typo. See page 173 on FA 2017 for HIV chart (look at <200)
Incorrect information in original card - lyses plasminogen (which is fibrinolytic) not fibrinogen Sketcky Micro Strep pyogenes (Group A Strep), time (12:34) AND thrombolytics section, pg 415 on First Aid
The original card correctly cites sketchy pharm, but sketchy pharm is inconsistent with FA and PMC3195018. See FA 2017
Pathoma 2017 pg.Chapter
186, PMC3195018.
7 Vascular Pathology, Large- vessel vasculitis, takayasu arteritis pg 65 HOWEVER FA 2017 (pg 302) it says <40 years
typo (should beis<50
Thyrotoxicosis notinstead of <40) It can be caused by hyperthyroidism but it can also be caused by other things like thyroiditis, ectopic
hyperthyroidism. old. So it is really up to you what you want to put
thyroid tissue, etc. In the latter cases, the thyroid tissue isn't hyperfunctional. Lecture notes
B&B GI Pharma section
First Aid 2016, p. 192
FA2018; http://www.life.illinois.edu/mcb/150/private/faq/index.php?sid=32777&lang=en&action=artikel&cat=20&id=381&artlang=en

Femoral nerve innervates the sartorius muscle, not the internal oblique (internal oblique is innervated by the iliohypograstric). FA 2017 p430
HOWEVER.... I'm not entirely sure that I'm right about this... use your own judgement http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/867446_3
Sketchy pharm
typo of agonism to antagonism First Aid 2016, p. 249, Beta-Blockers
probably just typed the other one listed right above it First aid 2017
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lumacaftor/ivacaftor#Mechanism_of_action
Naltrexone
Pretty sure is thelong term
ulnar andmanagement.
median nerves Acute
are opoid OD is always
responsible naloxone
for wrist flexion and the radial nerve is responsible for wrist extension (extensor FA
FA 2018
2018 pg 554- radial nerve lesion = loss of wrist extension
P437
carpis, etc) thyroid deiodinase (D2) and D1 (inhibited by PTU but presence in liver, etc.) are both 5'-deiodinases. D1 can do 5 or 5'! But I
To be clear, median nerve lesion = loss of wrist flexion
don't know if this
(uncontrolled) information
diabetics would
have high haveglucose,
blood made itsointo Step
tying 1 yet
this as it's stillinto
mechanism an active area of
the clinical research.
result (hyperglycemia) makes directionality more http://joe.endocrinology-journals.org/content/209/3/283.full
don't know where the original image was from (supposedly kaplan, but I couldn't find the screenshotted image), but I got my info from
memorable Lippincott biochem 5th ed pp 99-100
typo (electrical
FA changed thisalterans
in 2018 -> electrical
it seems, butalternans)
online research suggests that the 2017 version was correct. So not sure. For now, going with FA 2018. FA 2017 p300
FA 2017 suggestion for Triscuspid area is that the increase flow across the tricuspid valve makes this area louder. This is removed in 2018 FA 2018 p 284
Another FA 2018 update FA 2018 p 284
ACTH is produced by the anterior pituitary and not the hypothalamus (and minor typo correction from effect to affect)
Methimazole is a drug not an enzyme https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thiamazole
Although different mechanism, both sulfonylureas and meglitinides work by closing K+ channels
mnemonic
Nuclei of bothis SAD PUCKER,
necrotic not SAD PUCKERS
and apoptotic cells undergo pyknosis followed by karyorrhexis, but necrotic cells then undergo karyolysis, while FA
The2017 p345of Cell Death: Oncosis, Apoptosis, and Necrosis by Trump et al.
Pathways
apoptotic cells classically release fragmented DNA as apoptotic bodies http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/019262339702500116
ITP is more accurately the production of IgG against platelet antigens - one of which is GPIIb/IIIa, but can also be GPIb, etc. Pathoma p.32
Th2 cells also secrete IL-6 FA2018 p102
Langhans giant cells (not Langerhans giant cells) are found in granulomatous conditions like TB FA 2018 P140 "Caseating granulomas with central necrosis and Langhans giant cell are characteristic of 2ndary tuberculosis"
technically
ASA occlusion both have different
"spares destinations
dorsal columns and Lissauer tract; mid-thoracic ASA territory is watershed area, as the artery of Adamkiewicz https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ventral_anterior_nucleus and https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ventral_lateral_nucleus
supplies ASA below T8" FA2018 pg 514
wrong disease pathoma p. 182
typo. VPM standsarteries
Lenticulostriate for ventral posteromedial
supplie the genu and notposterior
ventral posterolateral.
limb of the internal capsule; hence, a stroke in this artery would affect the neurons
from the medial and lateral cortical areas in the primary motor and somatosensory cortices. First Aid
FA 2017 p. 192
Maybe it's just a poorly written question but firstaid suggests that it can be used for everything EXCEPT Plasmodium Falciparum FA 2017 p. 196
FA
Thelists it under
second clozethe SICKFACES.COM
implies mneumonic
that egodystonia is somehow unique to OCD. It is not. Pretty much all the disorders other than personality FA 2017 p 243
disorders are ego-dystonic.
DSM-4 criteria required somatic symptoms were medically unexplained. DSM-5 criteria states that a somatic symptom disorder can be
diagnosed in patients
The back of the card shows with general medical
the equation fordisorders.
absolute risk reduction (ARR) not attributable risk (AR), and there's already another card for DSM5. FA 2017 pg. 536
attributable risk. FA 2018 p254
FA 2018 p. 582

Might be better
Resistance for cardproportional
is inversely to ask whento pneumocytes
r^4, and Flow *start* developing
is inversely (20 weeks),
proportional but decide Therefore,
to Resistance. for yourselfFlow is directly proportional to r^4. FA2018 p642
increases in radius cause increases in flow to the fourth power equation Q=P/R, R=8(viscosity)(length)/(pi)(r^4)
the fetus
"Tight does not
junctions inspire nonfenestrated
between amniotic fluid; fetal lung fluid is excreted, contributing (with urine) to the formation of amniotic fluid https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11472968 ; https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7671435
capillary endothelial cells" - Page 466 FA 2017
Th2 don't secrete Il2 wiki
CPS I is found in mitochondria First Aid p78, Urea Cycle
Incorrect
Feedback information in original product
implies a downstream card - allele is lactase
affects not lactose
an upstream enzyme. N-acetylglutmate is an obligate activator of CPS-I and does not activate First Aid 2017, p77, Lactase Deficiency
by feedback.
Same logic as above
MAP,
Thinkcalculated
this gives bymore2/3clarity
DBP +as1/3theSBP, is a measure
original of average
card makes it soundarterial
like thepressure, not arteriole
deoxycortisol pressure
level decreases when it's already low and remains
that way (that's how FA describes it) First Aid p324, Adrenal Insufficiency
same as above First Aid p324, Adrenal Insufficiency
Typo
According to Pathoma T1DM is associated with HLA-DR3 and HLA-DR4 and is mediated by self reacting T-cells. The auto-antibodies seen are
associated with the disease process however. Just came across this in pathoma, p.166. 2017 <<According to my school's lecturer, the TC-mediated process is the correct one, as well
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pneumomediastinum
G cells do not secrete GRP, they receive GRP from the vagus nerve. First Aid 2017, p. 381
After returning to the abdominal cavity in the 10th week, the midgut does not rotate a full 270 degrees. It rotates 90 degrees while outside Costanzo - Pre-ganglionic sympathetic neurons supplying GI tract synpase OUTSIDE the GI tract not inside like parasympathetic.
the abodminal cavity, then 180 degrees after returning to the abodminal cavity, for a total of 270 degrees. http://www.embryology.ch/anglais/sdigestive/mitteldarm01.html
Pathoma 2017: Ch. 5, Pg. 50, Section III, Point C: "IgM-mediated disease also usually involves extravascular hemolysis"; Also see Boards &
Both Pathoma (see citation) and Boards & Beyond state that both warm and cold AIHA typically cause extravascular hemolysis Beyond Hematology video "Extrinsic Hemolysis"
Factor
Factor VII is
is activated
activated by
by thrombin not Factor
Xa - the ultimate Xa of the extrinsic and intrinsic pathways. Va serves as a cofactor for Xa. Xa can actually operate First aid
target
(inefficiently) without Va. Factor V is the only factor that is not an enzyme and serves as a cofactor only. First aid

typo
and make a separate card about CCR5 being the preferred receptor during early HIV infection and CXCR4 being preferred later in the << On the other hand, the CCR5 and macrophage association, specifically, is good to know as CCR5 is the preferred route for macrophage
infection. tropic HIV. I agree, all of these concepts should be split into seperate cards to avoid confusion
???? please explain I think it's like IGM is pentavalent. Avidity is the combined affinity of the multiple sites
Incorrect information in original card, hydroxyl free radical is not OH- Pathoma p7. Free Radical Injury I.C.1.
Hydroxyl
(refers to free radical isas
the species not OH-
hydroxyl-halide radicals). Pathoma p7. Free Radical Injury I.C.1.
It is merely trivial that HClO is not actually bleach (NaClO), as they function the same way, producing ClO- This is basic gen chem, consult your favorite text book

typo of cerebellar to cerebral

This is an important and testable piece of information that is not found anywhere in Zanki but is in Pathoma Verbally discussed in Pathoma
This is an important and testable piece of information that is not found anywhere in Zanki but is mentioned in Pathoma. Verbally discussed in Pathoma
Typo?
Typo
Reworded to improve clarity about "chloride shift" https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chloride_shift
Not entirely sure if right but looking at the graph, it's funky http://www.embryology.ch/anglais/rrespiratory/phasen06.html
Affects medium vessels not small. Pathoma and FA both list Monkeberg under arteriosclerosis, not arteriolosclerosis. FA 2017 page 291.

Incorrect information in original card, hydroxyl free radical is not OH- Pathoma p7. Free Radical Injury I.C.1.
Shigella is acid stable. Possibly mixed up with Salmonella See sketchy screenshot in card and sketchyvideo.
Atenzolizumab:
Atenzolizumab is the one that binds PD-1L https://www.fda.gov/drugs/informationondrugs/approveddrugs/ucm525780.htm
muscularis externa = muscularis propria Pathoma GI; colon (part 1) 04:44
Overly simplified, Topoisomerase I does single-stranded breaks and II does double-stranded. There is a uworld question about this though
relating to etopiside, so this difference is significant. FA2018 doesn't really explain it - the details are not high-yield - but this card is incorrectly specific and does not reflect FA2018
Typo Pathoma 2017 Pg 80 IV.E.3
kinda obvious, someone wrote parasympathetic instead of peripheral "Everybody knows this basically" - Dr. Jim White
Kaplan Lecture Notes Biochemistry 2017 pg 22
Original is not how Kasai works -- attaching proximal duodenum to porta hepatis would leave an atresia distal to pylorus UpToDate page on biliary atresia (subsection on Kasai procedure, with labelled figure)
It is the conjunctival, not corneal epithelium that undergoes metaplasia
Lower
part of Motor Neurons,
the PNS beingfrom
and derived motor neurons,
neural crestdo notHowever
cells. have sensory functions.
the real ANS structures are more complex. Innervation of the dilator pupillae "I think that card is wrong" - Hippocrates
takes 3 sympathetic neurons for example (Horner's syndrome). "Ja" - Johann Friedrich Horner
Fasciculata will produce cotricosterone instead of cortisol as it
would
would normally.
oligomycin, which blocks ATP synthase, influence oxygen corticosterone
protons againstisthe
produced inThe
gradient. the zona fasciculata
card is correct. and converted https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/neuroscience/corticosterone
but overall ETC can't continue due to the gradient. Thanks for the
consumption done by the ETC https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK22579/ clarification.

But FA 2017 p. 173 says <100 "

STEP 1 will not ask about age range. The age should only make
you more likely to think about certain diseases

fibrates do activate PPAR-alpha, which is part of the pathway

that upregulates LPL

http://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/pediatrics/congen
ital-cardiovascular-anomalies/atrial-septal-defect-asd

anterior columns occur while the dorsal columns remain in tact.

(See Kaplan pg 300)
lower limb areas. The lenticulostriate artery arises from the
middle cerebral artery.

FA2017 p.104 says IL-2 is secreted by all T cells - is FA2017 FA2017 p. 98 says Th1 secrete IL-2 and IL-2 induces T helper cell secreting IL-2 in order to induce TH2 cells, to antigen and costimulators. It does not specify which helper T cells so I
wrong? differentiation of Th2, but IL-2 is not listed as secreted by Th2. although it does not specify which T helper cell assume all of them secrete it

Note that POST-ganglionic sympathetic neurons can synapse in

the myenteric/submucosal plexuses (BRS Physiology p. 195) i agree with the one before this, card is correct according to BRS physiology
activation of complement by {{c2::IgM}} can also my left in order to cover up "IgM" and to not give away the complement-fixation from IgM causes immediate intravascular mainly in the spleen and liver; hence, the hemolysis is extravascular.”
cause {{c1::intravascular}} hemolysis. answer when asking for the "c2::M" cloze hemolysis. Robbin’s Basic Pathology, 9th edition, P432.
<<Factor V is activated by activated platelets and thrombin. In the co <<Agreed

Polycystin-1 is not the gene, it is the gene product

Polycystin-2 is not the gene, it is the gene product
Pathoma 2017 Chapter 9, pg. 88, Table 9.2 original card seems to be correct. point is to make a distinction between silver stain positive PCP which would be in immunocompromised

"alveolar phase" line up with 8 years upper cutoff. Seems to vary

between sources though

i remember dr turco talked only about II doing this .. anyone

knows correct answer?
FA2018, pg. 108 says that IL-2 is secreted by "all T cells"

to intravascular les/PMC4678320/
hemolysis.”
^^ this guy is right. The card is wrong. First aid and Uworld both say the same. Factor Xa activates II with Va. V is activated by IIa. It's a loop.