FibeAir IP-20LH

Multi-carrier trunk node

May 2014
Agenda
• Network Evolution and Trends

• FibeAir IP-20LH
• Multi-purpose, high power trunk solution
• Multi-gigabits radio capacity with high spectral efficiency
• Future-proof, high availability and reliability
• Facilitates network modernization
• Common OS and software-defined engine

• IP-20 Backhaul Solution

• HQoS’s Role in Backhaul Sharing
• Synchronization Distribution
• TCP Burst Resiliency in LTE/4G Networks

• Case studies

2 Proprietary and Confidential

 Introduction

3
Traditional Mobile Backhaul
• 2G/3G/4G
• Migration to IP MSC/RNC/S-GW

• Shift to Flat
Fiber Aggregation
Network

Aggregation
Node

Carrier Ethernet
MPLS-TP
IP/MPLS
DU

Macro Site Aggregation

Aggregation Node
Node

DU

Macro Site

4 Proprietary and Confidential

Evolving to HetNet
• Heterogeneous
• Multi-technology MSC/RNC/S-GW
• Backhaul + Fronthaul
• Diversified Business Models Fiber Aggregation
Network

Aggregation
Node

Carrier Ethernet
MPLS-TP
IP/MPLS
DU

Super Size Aggregation

RU Macro Site Aggregation Node
Node
E-Band

60GHz

DU Small
RU Cells
Super Size
Macro Site
PtMP
Sub 6GHz

Small
Cells

5 Proprietary and Confidential

IP-20 Platform - Optimized for HetNet
• IP-20 is a service centric microwave platform for backhaul and fronthaul. It
consists of a variety of product types, all built around a powerful software-
defined engine and operated by a common OS. It provides ultra-high
capacities, supports any radio transmission technology, any topology and
any configuration

IP-20
Platform

A Single Platform Serving All Radio Transport Technologies

6 Proprietary and Confidential
Resolving Hauling Challenges Across Entire Networks

FibeAir FibeAir FibeAir FibeAir FibeAir

IP-20S IP-20C IP-20G IP-20N IP-20LH
Compact All-Outdoor Compact All-Outdoor Multi Technology Multi Technology Multicarrier
Node Multi-Core Node Edge Node Aggregation Node Trunk Node

7 Proprietary and Confidential

FibeAir IP-20LH with RFU-HP
Multi-Carrier Trunk System

• Multi Service Hybrid System

• High Capacity, High Density

• Multi Carriers with Highest System Gain

8+0 XPIC
Proprietary and Confidential
FibeAir IP-20LH
Optimized for Long Haul Requirements

• Hybrid Multicarrier system

• High Power, High System Gain
• N+0, N+M protection, up to 8 Carriers
• No SPoF
• Supports 6, 7, 8 and 11 GHz Frequency Bands
• Support Channel Bandwidth of 28, 40 and 56 MHz
• IF Combining Space Diversity
• Adaptive Hybrid Bandwidth Control
• Supports both Split Mount and All Indoor Installations
• Supports ACAP, ACCP and CCDP V
ACAP
• 5 GHz Aggregated Capacity H

• Green Mode V
• Low TCO ACCP
H

V
CCDP
H

9 Proprietary and Confidential

FibeAir IP-20LH
Multi-Carrier Trunk Node

• FibeAir IP-20LH is a hybrid, multi-service, long-

haul node

• FibeAir IP-20LH is equipped with the all IP-20

platform common capabilities, while offering full
compatibility and interoperability with RFU-HP
installed-base radios

• FibeAir IP-20 LH offers versatile configurations

of up to 8+0 packet and SDH trunks, in both all-
indoor and split-mount installations

Proprietary and Confidential

FibeAir IP-20LH

Multi-purpose, high power trunk solution

Multi-gigabits radio capacity with high spectral

efficiency

High availability and reliability

Facilitates network modernization

Common OS and software-defined engine

11 Proprietary and Confidential

FibeAir IP-20LH

Multi-purpose, high power trunk solution

Multi-gigabits radio capacity with high spectral

efficiency

High availability and reliability

Facilitates network modernization

Common OS and software-defined engine

12 Proprietary and Confidential

FibeAir IP-20LH IDU
Built for resilience and modularity

• High Density IDU built for large

sites
1RU chassis, Up to 4 RFUs • Traffic/Control cards (TCC)
• Radio Modem Cards (RMC-B-LH)
• 1xSTM1 RST
• Line cards (LIC)
• Ethernet: 4x 1GE / 1x 10GE*
• TDM: 16x E1
• 1x ch-STM1
• Easy expansion and upgrades
2RU chassis, Up to 8 RFUs
Full redundancy option (No SPoF)

*-Roadmap

Purpose-built for backbone trunk sites

Ultra-high flexibility/modularity
Optimized foot-print, density, scalability & availability
13 Proprietary and Confidential
FibeAir IP-20LH – 2RU Chassis
2 x Slots for
power distribution Fans tray
Filter tray
cards (PDC)
(optional)

2 x Slots for 10 x Universal slots for:

Main traffic and control - Radio interface cards (RMC-E)
cards (TCC)
- Ethernet line cards (4x GE, 1x 10GE)
- TDM line cards (16x E1, 1x ch-STM-1)

14
14 Proprietary and Confidential
FibeAir IP-20LH – 1RU Chassis
Filter tray 1 x Slot for
(optional) Fans tray
power distribution
card (PDC)
Single or Dual feed

1 x Slot for 5 x Universal slots for:

Main traffic and control
card (TCC) - Radio interface cards (RMC-B-LH)
- Ethernet line cards (4x 1GE, 1x 10GE)
- TDM line cards (16x E1, 1x ch-STM-1)

15

15 Proprietary and Confidential

IP-20LH Traffic Control Card
• Handle multi carrier traffic and applications
• 2RU units can hold two TCC-B-MC:
• Main TCC in S1 (lower slot)
• Redundancy* TCC in S11 (upper slot)

* - Roadmap

21 Proprietary and Confidential

FibeAir IP-20LH RMCs Slots
• Up to 8 RMC-B-LH can be plugged into FibeAir IP-20LH IDU
• For XPIC, RMCs of XPOL carriers should be in adjacent positions:

1RU Unit 2RU Unit

S3 and S4 S3 and S4
S5 and S6 S5 and S6
S7 and S8
S9 and S10

• XPIC is not available for RMCs in S2 and S12

19 Proprietary and Confidential

FibeAir IP-20LH 1RU & 2RU Chassis Scalability
1RU chassis 2RU chassis

Max # of Max # of Max # of

Max # of
radio/line radio/line radio/line
Interface type radio/line cards
cards interfaces interfaces

Radio (RFU) 4x RMC 4x RFU 8x RMC 8x RFU

Ethernet
1x 4GE LIC 6x GE/FE* 2x 4GE LIC 8x GE/FE**
(GE/FE)

TDM – E1s 5x 16E1 LIC 80x E1 10x 16E1 LIC 160x E1

5x ch-STM1 10x ch-STM1 LIC/8x

TDM –
LIC/4x STM1 RST 5x STM1 STM1 RST (Clear 10x STM1
STM1 (Clear channel) channel)
* 2x GE/FE interfaces on TCC and 4x GE/FE interfaces on LIC (6x GE/FE interfaces total per chassis)
** When 2nd Ethernet LIC is installed the 2 x GE/FE interfaces on the TCC are disabled (8x GE/FE interfaces total per chassis)

20 Proprietary and Confidential

RFU-HP
Highest Tx Power and System Gain
• Same unit for all-indoor and split-mount
o No reduction of output power in split-mount
o Convection cooling - no fans required
• Unique Space-Saving Low-Loss branching system
• Covers all bandwidths :
• ETSI - 28, 40, 56 MHz
• One transceiver covers complete frequency band –
single spare!
• Field expandable branching system
• Supports IFC space diversity

In-house development of all core technologies

21 Proprietary and Confidential
RFU-HP
Highest Tx Power and System Gain*

Configuration
2+0 XPIC 4+0 XPIC SD 6+0 XPIC SD 8+0 XPIC
Modulations
64 QAM 107 106 105 105 dB
128 QAM 102 103 102 100 dB
256QAM 99 99 98 97 dB
512QAM 95 95 94 93 dB
1024QAM 91 91 90 89 dB
2048QAM 86 85 84 84 dB

* - For 6 to 8 GHz, Measured at Antenna Port (1+0 link)

22 Proprietary and Confidential

All-indoor and split-mount configurations

23 Proprietary and Confidential

RFU-HP
Split Mount Configurations

Easily add RFUs to

enhance configurations

High Power Solution

Diverse Applications  Multiple Configurations

24 Proprietary and Confidential

Easy Field Upgradeable Branching

25 Proprietary and Confidential

All-Indoor installation
Unique Branching Network
• Innovated & modular branching network design

• Branching unit per each carrier allowing:

- Easy expansion
- Easy maintenance
- Easy Installation

Proprietary and Confidential

 LH all-indoor vs. LH split-mount
Larger antenna is
needed to compensate
for loss of power due to Smaller antennas
waveguide take advantage Outdoor heat
of negligible dissipation,
Waveguide is power loss no need for air
expensive, conditioning
requires complex
installation and
causes significant
attenuation

Coax cables are

inexpensive and
easy to install

Indoor hear
dissipation
requires air
conditioning

Radio units Radio units are

take up installed
significant outdoors freeing
rack space rack space

All Indoor Split Mount

27 Proprietary and Confidential
FibeAir IP-20LH

Multi-purpose, high power trunk solution

Multi-gigabits radio capacity with high spectral

efficiency

High availability and reliability

Facilitates network modernization

Common OS and software-defined engine

28 Proprietary and Confidential

Can You Get More Capacity from Your Backhaul?
Radio Throughput Capacity Boosting
without any optimization Techniques
Network Utilization

Traffic Boosting

HQoS
Spatial Efficiency

Spectral Efficiency
Header Deduplication WRED
Spectrum

Asymmetrical 4x4 LoS MIMO

TCP Buffers
Payload Deduplication

2048QAM

Wide Channels

29 Increased capacity in microwaveProprietary

links: 5 Steps
and Confidential
2048 QAM in FibeAir IP-20LH
More Capacity – Less Spectrum
• 10% more capacity than with 1024 QAM
• 260/520 Mbps radio throughput in a single 28/56 MHz carrier

2048 QAM

Ceragon Keeps Raising the Bar

First with 2048 QAM in LH!
30 Proprietary and Confidential
Show Me The Numbers
Capacity Innovations over a 56MHz Channel in Licensed Bands

Payload
De-Duplication

Header
De-Duplication
1Gbps
(2048 QAM)

XPIC
+520Mbps
Radio
Capacity
without any 520Mbps
optimization (2048 QAM)

480Mbps
(1024QAM) +130Mbps

390Mbps
(256 QAM)

56 MHz

31 Proprietary and Confidential

 Multi-carrier ABC
In the past: N+1 protection

Protection
Radio
Radio

Radio
Radio

Radio
Radio
1. Dedicated carrier for each
STM-1

2. Unused protection channel for Unused

a single carrier failure channel
ABC engine
3. Excess Ethernet traffic may be
added to SDH carriers
(provided there is excess
STM-1

bandwidth)

Ethernet
#1

STM-1 #N

Traffic
STM-1
#2
4. Multi-carrier ABC works solely
on Ethernet carriers

L2 switch

Simple and Powerful Traffic Allocation  TDM & Ethernet

32 Proprietary and Confidential
 Hybrid Multi-Carrier ABC – Concept
Creating Logical Groups

1. All radio carriers serve as a

single logical pipe

2. SDH traffic is split (byte-by-

Radio
Radio

Radio
Radio
byte) between carriers, 1 2 N 1 2 N 1 2 N 1 2 N
combined with packet traffic

3. No channel is left unused - full

utilization of available
bandwidth
ABC Engine
4. In case of channel failure or
degradation, SDH traffic is
STM-1

Ethernet
always prioritized over

STM-1 #N
#1

STM-1

Traffic
Ethernet traffic.

#2
5. Protects against multiple
carrier failures

6. Flexible choice of modulation

(lower modulation higher
sys. gain)
Network
Processor

Simple and Powerful Traffic Allocation  TDM & Ethernet

33 Proprietary and Confidential
 Hybrid Multi-Carrier ABC
Channel failure/degradation

1. System is highly resilient to

carrier failure/degradation

2. All SDH traffic remains in tact

Radio
Radio

Radio
Radio
as long as: 1 2 N 1 2 N 1 2 N

𝑐𝑎𝑟𝑟𝑖𝑒𝑟 𝑐𝑎𝑝𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑡𝑦 ≥ 𝑁 × 155 𝑀𝑏𝑝𝑠

3. Total available capacity for

ABC Engine
Ethernet traffic:

𝑐𝑎𝑟𝑟𝑖𝑒𝑟 𝑐𝑎𝑝𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑡𝑦 − 𝑁 × 155 𝑀𝑏𝑝𝑠

STM-1

Ethernet
STM-1 #N
#1

STM-1

Traffic
#2

Network
Processor

Simple and Powerful Traffic Allocation  TDM & Ethernet

34 Proprietary and Confidential
Capacity-Boosting Techniques
Header De-Duplication

Payload
De-Duplication • Performs compression of L2 – L4 headers
+30% between 2 ends of the same link
LTE/HSPA Optimized
Header 10% Header Compression • Does not impact or alter traffic
De-Duplication
20% Multi-Layer (L2-4) • Does not affect latency
Compression

1Gbps
(2048 QAM)

XPIC
Radio
Capacity
without any 520Mbps
(2048 QAM)
optimization

480Mbps
(1024QAM)

390Mbps
(256 QAM)

56 MHz

Proprietary and Confidential

Header De-Duplication

Layer 2 | Untag/ C/S Tag /Double Tag | Up to 22Bytes Compressed

IP-20

Layer 2.5 | MPLS: up to 7 Tunnels (Untag/C-Tag) | Up to 28Bytes Compressed

Layer 3 | IP-v4 / IP-v6 | 18Bytes / 40Bytes Compressed

Layer 4 | TCP / UDP | 4Bytes / 6Bytes Compressed

Tunneling Layer | GTP (LTE) / GRE | 8Bytes / 6Bytes Compressed

End-User Inner Layer 3 | IP-v4 / IP-v6 | 18Bytes / 40Bytes Compressed

End User End-User Inner Layer 4 | TCP / UDP | 4Bytes / 6Bytes Compressed

Multiple Possibilities  Multiple Compression Levels  Capacity Boosting!

36 Proprietary and Confidential
 Header De-Duplication - Example

Site 1 Site 2
Base Station
IP-20
End User (IPv6) MPLS Router
TCP/IPv6 Radio Input
(Inner L3&L4)
(UDP)
(C-VLAN)

IP-20 MPLS Router

Core
(C-VLAN)
Radio Output

Total Bytes Compressed = TCP(4) + UDP(6) + 2XIPv6(80) + GTP(8) + MPLS(12) + L2(18) = 128 Bytes
Capacity Gain • 256Bytes Packet size  50%!
• 512Bytes Packet size  25%!
• 1000Bytes Packet size  13%!

37 Proprietary and Confidential

Capacity-Boosting Techniques
+40% Payload De-Duplication
Payload
40% Traffic Optimizer
De-Duplication
• Innovative Bit Stream Indexing technology
Header 10% LTE/HSPA Optimized Header
Compression • Additive to other traffic acceleration
De-Duplication Multi-Layer (L2-4) techniques offered by Ceragon
20% Compression

1Gbps
(2048 QAM)
• Exploits repetitive bit patterns in traffic
• Content, application & protocol agnostic

XPIC
• Does not affect network functionality
Radio
Capacity
• Optimized for aggregation microwave
backhaul where most repetitions occur
without any 520Mbps
(2048 QAM)
optimization

480Mbps
(1024QAM) Repetitive bit-level patterns
identified & compacted
390Mbps
(256 QAM)

56 MHz De-compressor Compressor

38 Proprietary and Confidential

 Payload De-Duplication
Integrated into FibeAir IP-20LH
• IP-20LH with integrated, centralized compressor at PoP/CO
• IP-20LH with integrated de-compressor at aggregation nodes

Fiber/MW Backbone
D

Wireless Native2
Ring C
Compressor
eNodeB
Cell Site
D FibeAir IP-
20LH

D
eNodeB
Cell Site
Compressor/De-
eNodeB compressor Service Card
Cell Site
eNodeB
Cell Site
eNodeB eNodeB
Cell Site Cell Site

39 Proprietary and Confidential

Working in a Live Network

Traffic optimizer performance in a live network

40 Proprietary and Confidential
FibeAir IP-20LH

Multi-purpose, high power trunk solution

Multi-gigabits radio capacity with high spectral

efficiency

High availability and reliability

Facilitates network modernization

Common OS and software-defined engine

41 Proprietary and Confidential

Resilient and Reliable Backhaul
Fully Protected Solutions

• Network resiliency
• G.8032 – Ethernet ring / mesh protection
switching (<50 msec)
• DS1 path-protection switching (<50 msec)
• MSTP – multiple spanning tree protocol

• Hardware Protection
• Hot standby radio protection
• Line protection
• Redundant traffic control cards (TCC)
• Redundant power distribution cards
• Optional dual-feed power distribution cards
• Resilient fan unit

42 Proprietary and Confidential

FibeAir IP-20LH

Multi-purpose, high power trunk solution

Multi-gigabits radio capacity with high spectral

efficiency

High availability and reliability

Facilitates network modernization

Common OS and software-defined engine

43 Proprietary and Confidential

Facilitates network modernization
• Keep RFUs, antennas, branching and waveguides/coax
• Replace Only the IDU
• No need to climb up the tower.
• Use the same NMS
Antenna
Keep Antenna

Get more capacity,

advanced
networking
Keep functionality,
Waveguide use the same NMS

Keep Radios Replace Only

IDU
Radio

Indoor Unit
Upgrade IDU FibeAir 3200T FibeAir IP-20LH

44 Proprietary and Confidential

 Facilitates network modernization
• Keep RFUs, antennas, branching and
waveguides/coax
• Replace Only the IDU
Antenna • No need to climb up the tower.
Keep Keep Antenna • Use the same NMS
Radios

Radio

Keep Waveguide
Replace
Only IDU

Upgrade IDU
Indoor Unit FibeAir 3200T FibeAir IP-20LH

45 Proprietary and Confidential

Upgrade Advantages
• High capacity - Up to 2048 QAM
• Keep RFUs*, antennas, branching,
modulation waveguides/coax using the same NMS
• Replace Only the IDU
• Hybrid Multi-Carrier ABC

• Native/PWE multi-service platform –

TDM & Ethernet
• Native STM-1/OC-3
• Native E1/T1 service Get more capacity,
• Packet based E1/T1 advanced
service(PW) networking
functionality,
• H-QoS use the same NMS

• MPLS-TP Ready

• Programmable network processor Replace Only

IDU
• 1GE and 10GE interfaces

• Integrated Carrier Ethernet switch

Carrier Ethernet 2.0 complied
FibeAir 3200 FibeAir IP-20LH
*RFU –
46 Proprietary and Confidential
 Hybrid Services – Ethernet & TDM

SDH (VCs)
STM-1s SDH
traffic
Hybrid
Radio
Ethernet Services (EVCs)
Ethernet
traffic
GE/FE

• Native SDH Services (VCs)

• Ethernet Services (EVCs)
• Ethernet switched (L2) services – E-Line (PtP), E-LAN (MPtMP)
• Ethernet port based (L1) services (“smart pipe”)

47 Proprietary and Confidential

FibeAir IP-20LH

Multi-purpose, high power trunk solution

Multi-gigabits radio capacity with high spectral

efficiency

High availability and reliability

Facilitates network modernization

Common OS and software-defined engine

48 Proprietary and Confidential

CeraOS - The Unifying Thread

A single, unified software infrastructure that provides improved

interwork management and higher application availability

The CeraOS cost-effectively manages

resources by controlling and unifying
complex, distributed network
IP-20LH
intelligence
IP-20LH

CeraOS IP-20N BNC/RNC

IP-20N
IP-20C
IP-20G HP
IP-20G
IP-20C
IP-20S Small
IP-20N
Cells

IP-20C

IP-20S

49 Proprietary and Confidential

CeraOS - Seamless Integration & Consistency
• An interwork's intelligence lies in its operating system. CeraOS software is
the unifying thread that connects otherwise disparate network elements and
provides a scalable migration path as needs evolve

Common Operating System Software-Defined Engine

IP-20N

CeraOS IP-20C IP-20G

IP-20 Platform
Common programmable
IP-20C Network Processors IP-20S
HP
IP-20LH

Controlled & operated in the same way Powered by IP-20 programmable

for cross-network capabilities network processors

Efficient interwork across the entire IP-20 product series

50 Proprietary and Confidential
CeraOS - Interwork Intelligence
• Infrastructure software intelligence that can add new services, features
and applications to the interwork

CeraOS
QoS Consistency Synchronization distribution

Capacity boosting techniques

End-to-end service
Provisioning & Monitoring
Common O&M user interface

Common capabilities across all IP-20 product series

51 Proprietary and Confidential
FibeAir IP-20LH Value Structure
Hardware, Software & Licensed Features

CeraOS (Software)
Licensed Scalability
• Radio capacity
• Additional GE user
interfaces
• Additional CET-Node
services/EVCs (L2)
Licensed Premium Functionality
• Advanced radio configurations
• Advanced QoS
• Ethernet OAM
• Synchronization
• Network Resiliency
• Advanced Security

Licensed Mode - CET-Node

• CET services/EVCs (L2)
• 2x GE user interfaces

• Smart-Pipe services (L1)

• 10M radio capacity
Base-line
• 1x GE user interface functionality

Hardware
• Product Models (e.g. FibeAir IP-20LH)
• Add-on modules (e.g. RMC-B-LH, LIC, Redundant PDC)

52 Proprietary and Confidential

 IP-20 Backhaul Solutions

• HQoS’s Role in Backhaul Sharing

• Synchronization Distribution
• TCP Burst Resiliency in LTE/4G Networks
 IP-20 Backhaul Solutions

• HQoS’s Role in Backhaul Sharing

• Synchronization Distribution
• TCP Burst Resiliency in LTE/4G Networks
 Reasons for Backhaul Sharing

• Network sharing solutions differ in scope and ambition. Savings

largely depend on the depth of the sharing

TCO
CAPEX & OPEX

No
Sharing
Infrastructure
Sharing Active
tower, rooftop, etc.
Sharing
Depth
Separated Passive Active of sharing
RAN/Backhaul networks RAN/ Backhaul Sharing RAN/ Backhaul Sharing

55 Proprietary and Confidential

Different Flavors of Network Sharing

• Network sharing solutions differ in scope and ambition

• Savings from network sharing largely dependent on depth of sharing

Source – Oliver Wyman

www.Oliverwyman.com

56 Proprietary and Confidential

 Network Sharing Provisioning: The Checklist

Scalability Trust Migration

• Supply the capacity • Maintain fairness • Use the installed base

• Provide flexibility & • Manage transparently • Leverage spectrum
modularity • Report & assure assets
• Address separate • Set & track SLAs • Accommodate site
synchronization • Enforce policy crowdedness
domains

57 Proprietary and Confidential

Case Study
Facilitating Backhaul Sharing- Fairness & Burst Isolation
MSC/RNC/S-GW
Operator 1
Operator 1
Operator 2
Operator 1
Operator 2
Shared Site
Shared Site Shared Backhaul
Operator 1
MSC/RNC/S-GW
Operator 2 Shared Site Operator 2

N >> 8

Operator 1 Standard
Operator 2 QoS
Same CoS
Shared Sites

Operator 1
HQoS
Operator 2 Hierarchical
QoS

Shared Sites Same CoS

IP-20 Hierarchical QoS facilitates active backhaul sharing

Facilitating backhaul sharing and asset optimization to reduce OPEX

58 Proprietary and Confidential

Case Study
Facilitating Backhaul Sharing- Fairness & Burst Isolation
MSC/RNC/S-GW
Operator 1
Operator 1
Operator 2
Operator 1
Operator 2
Shared Site
Shared Site Shared Backhaul
Operator 1
MSC/RNC/S-GW
Operator 2 Shared Site Operator 2

Operator 1
Q1 Standard
Operator 2 QoS
Shared Sites

Operator 1 Q1 HQoS
Operator 2 Hierarchical
Q2 QoS

Shared Sites

IP-20 Hierarchical QoS facilitates active backhaul sharing

Facilitating backhaul sharing and asset optimization to reduce OPEX

59 Proprietary and Confidential

 Hierarchical QoS (H-QoS) vs. Standard QoS

Standard QoS
• Differentiation between V
different traffic classes (CoS) Service 1
S
Voice

• Services within the same traffic V

S
Streaming Eth. Ethernet
class are treated as a single Service 2 D traffic Radio
V
S D
aggregate with no isolation Data
D
• Limited per-service visibility Service 3

and control

H-QoS
• Each service gets its own V

Service 1 S Service 1
personalized treatment D

• TDM-grade performance V
S
Ethernet
Service 2 Service 2
providing per-service full D
Radio

visibility and control V

Service 3 S Service 3
D

Proprietary and Confidential

60
Hierarchical QoS (H-QoS)
A Key Enabler for Monetizing the Backhaul Network
• Enabler for true service differentiation
• Going beyond basic “class-of-service” support (e.g. voice, streaming, data)
• Support diverse business-driven differentiation schemes (LTE/3G, multi-brand, etc.)

• Enabler for active RAN/backhaul sharing

• Each operator gets its own “virtual pipe” experience

• Enabler for business/enterprise & wholesale services with strict SLA

• Per service, policy-based capacity allocation
• MEF 2.0 compliant bandwidth profiles support
• Committed capacity (CIR/CBS)
• Excess capacity (EIR/EBS)
• Each service gets its own “virtual pipe” experience
• Per service granular monitoring and OAM capabilities

Proprietary and Confidential

61
Hierarchical QoS (H-QoS)
A Key Enabler for Monetizing the Backhaul Network (cont.)

• Enabler for efficient use of available capacity

• Granular over-subscription and congestion management for managing the
“data explosion”
• Maintaining CIR traffic precedence over EIR traffic with fair capacity
allocation between different services

• Enabler for enhanced QoE

• Dedicated per-service deep buffering significantly improved TCP
performance and efficiency

• Enabler for realizing “capacity doubling” potential in ring/mesh

topologies
• Each service gets a fair share of the protecting link based on operator policy
during failure scenarios

Proprietary and Confidential

62
 IP-20 Backhaul Solutions

• HQoS’s Role in Backhaul Sharing

• Synchronization Distribution
• TCP Burst Resiliency in LTE/4G Networks
Integrated Sync Solutions
• Native Sync Distribution
• Integrated Sync unit
• End-to-End Frequency distribution for nodal configurations
• Dedicated Sync interfaces (in/out)
• SyncE and TDM input/output (G.8262)
• SSM/ESMC (G.8264)
• PRC grade (G.811) performance for pipe applications (“regenerator”)
• IEEE 1588v2 (Precision Time Protocol)
• Synchronization distribution for…
• Frequency
• Phase
• Time of day
• Controlled delay/delay-variation using Frame Cut-Through technology
• Transparent clock (TC)
• Integrated Client, Master & Boundary clocks (OC/BC)

Flexible solution for any network and migration strategy

Optimized for LTE/LTE-A
64 Proprietary and Confidential
 Native Sync Distribution

Eth
E1
STM1
Eth FibeAir IP-20
E1
STM1 FibeAir IP-20

Eth
E1
STM1 FibeAir IP-20

Any interface as sync Native sync distribution Any interface as sync

output over radio links reference
• E1 • Any link configuration • E1
• STM1 • Any network topology • STM1
• Ethernet (SyncE) • Dynamic sync source selection • Ethernet (SyncE)

65 Proprietary and Confidential

Native Sync Distribution - Usage Example
Providing synchronization to all-packet Node-Bs using SyncE

Ethernet
Node-B
Services

Eth.

Sync
FibeAir IP-20

Node-B

Eth.
Sync
Sync Input
FibeAir IP-20 GPS/SSU

FibeAir IP-20 Eth

Node-B
(with SyncE)
Native
sync distribution
Eth.

Sync
FibeAir IP-20
Distributed clock is provided to Node-B
using SyncE or dedicated Sync interface
RNC or
Aggregation
switch/router
IP-20 at fiber node synchronized to:
• SyncE input from Ethernet uplink
• External Sync Input (From GPS, SSU, etc.)

66 Proprietary and Confidential

1588v2 Optimized Transport
Quality of Service for Congestion Management
QoS Frame Cut Through Transparent Clock
1588 Synch Packets Differentiation

1588 Sync Packets

Cos 0 - 1588
CoS 1
CoS 2

Dual Shaper
CoS 3
SP +
Priority = 3 WFQ
CoS 4
CoS 5
CoS 6
CoS 7
1st priority
2nd priority
3rd priority
4th priority

Overview
• Ensure that Synch packets are forwarded according to the highest priority
• Efficient in congestion scenarios and when Background traffic is
injected to the radio link

67 Proprietary and Confidential

1588v2 Optimized Transport
Quality of Service – Performance Example
QoS Frame Cut Through Transparent Clock
GPS
Synchronization Primary
IEEE-1588 Reference
Symmetricom 1588 Client Clock (GPS)
Client

Symmetricom
TimeSource 3100
Recovered Recovered
1588 1PPS 2M Clock
Packets
1588 Master
* PDV Testing IEEE-1588
GBE Symmetricom
* Frequency Testing Reference TimeProvider 1500 Symmetricom
* Timing Testing (1PPS) 2M Clock Master

Reference
Calnex 1PPS 1588
Paragon-X 1588
Packets
Packets

B A

Radio Link
GBE 1+0

GBE
GBE
GBE
GBE

N2X

Test Conditions & Synch Results

• Background traffic is injected to the radio link, according to recommendation of ITU-T G.8261
("Timing and Synchronization Aspects in Packet Networks," )
• Frequency performance Complies with masks specified at ITU-T G.8261.1
• 1PPS accuracy of 213 ns - Better than specified at 3GPP TS 36.133 (3us)
• Measured PDV of the IEEE1588 events (Sync & Delay_Req) is Lower than 35 us

68 Proprietary and Confidential

1588v2 Optimized Transport
Frame Cut-Through for Reduced Delay-Variation over the Link

QoS Frame Cut Through Transparent Clock

Enhanced Delay and Delay-Variation Control for 1588v2

Synch Packets
Latency Optimized
Radio link

Overview
• Lower priority frames do not effect High priority Synch Packets – even if started to
be transmitted
• Transmission of Lower priority frames is resumed after the cut-through with no
capacity loss or re-transmission required
Benefits
• Improved PDV for demanding network topologies and scenarios
• Guaranteed isolation from background traffic and load by eliminating the “Head of a
Line Blocking” Phenomena

69 Proprietary and Confidential

1588v2 Optimized Transport
Transparent Clock
QoS Frame Cut Through Transparent Clock
Measure & Correct Packet Delay Variation
Radio Link
Delay Variation = ∆x

1588
1588
Master Correction Client
Time
∆x + 2∆y

Packet Processing Packet Processing

Delay Variation = ∆y Delay Variation = ∆y
 Compensates Packet Processing delay variation
 Queuing Delay
 “Head of a line blocking”
 Store and Forward

 Compensates Radio Link delay variation

 Overcomes ACM effects
Eliminating any negative effects (Effectively “Zero” PDV)
70 Proprietary and Confidential
 IP-20 Backhaul Solutions

• HQoS’s Role in Backhaul Sharing

• Synchronization Distribution
• TCP Burst Resiliency in LTE/4G Networks
The Problem
Why am I not getting the throughput I think I should be getting?

ISP:
Acme Telecom

Speedtest.net says 18.9Mb/s, only

36% of 50 Mbps Service?
File download at 339 KB/Sec utilizes
only 6% of 50 Mbps Service?

• Mobile LTE/4G networks runs most services and applications over TCP protocol
• Instantaneous congestion over the TCP protocol resulting in instantaneous, large
bursts that contribute to application throughput reduction and poor quality of
experience for the user
Proprietary and Confidential
 The Problem (cont.)
Factors affecting throughput:
• Bandwidth profile
• Traffic policing & shaping
• Protocol of choice – IP, TCP, UDP etc.
• Other SLA parameters - Delay, Delay Variation, Frame Loss Ratio, Frame size

Are you getting

all of this?

No,
slow down
Mobile Network

This presentation is about the affect of TCP protocol

on throughput in mobile 4G/LTE networks
73 Proprietary and Confidential
TCP challenge
addressed by the
Metro Ethernet Forum
“Understanding Carrier Ethernet Throughput”

74 Proprietary and Confidential

 TCP Window – Filling the Pipe
UNI Operator 1 ENNI Operator 2 UNI
(Service Provider) (OOF operator)

TCP window flow control

TCP Segment 1 sent
TCP Segment 2 sent
TCP Segment 3 sent
Round Trip Time

TCP Segment n sent

TCP Segment 1 acknowledged

If round trip delay is long, the window size limit can be reached,
and the sender will stop sending and wait for an acknowledgement

Proprietary and Confidential

TCP Throughput vs. Round Trip Delay

Drop in
TCP throughput due
to window-buffer size

TCP throughput is greatly affected by

Round Trip Delay and TCP Window Buffer Size
76 Proprietary and Confidential
Recommended Buffer Size

What is the recommended buffer size for single TCP

flow in LTE network?

• The buffer size must be calculated carefully and based on two

considerations:
• Latency – If low latency is required, small buffer sizes are preferred as
dropping frames in the queue is preferable to increasing latency.

• Throughput immunity to fast bursts – When the traffic is

characterized by fast bursts, it is recommended to increase the buffer
sizes of the priority queues to prevent packet loss. Of course, this will
come at the expense of a possible increase in the latency.

Burst sizes can be configured as a tradeoff between the latency

and immunity to bursts according application requirements

Proprietary and Confidential

Handling Buffer Size in Microwave Radios
• The large buffer size is easily supported by the Ceragon’s FibeAir
microwave radios
• Planning for burst handling is done according to Enhanced QoS

Sync &
5Mbit
Management

10Mbit Voice & Signaling

Buffer Size

60Mbit Data (TCP) - Bronze

60Mbit Data (TCP) - Silver

60Mbit Data (TCP) - Gold

Priority queues with configurable buffer length

78 Proprietary and Confidential
 Case Studies

79
Ceragon Long Haul Major Customers

Global install base with Customers

80 Proprietary and Confidential

Case Study
Kyrgyztelecom: ILEC backbone
• Challenge:
• Build an extremely long alternate path in a difficult terrain (>300km)
• Concern with total overall cost of long haul rural wireless solutions
• 65km, 85km, 105km and even 131km between adjacent towers!
• Solutions
43° 20'

• 4+0 STM-1 Split Bishkek

• 6 GHz and XPIC

30'

• Link Interface: STM-1

PPC-5

• Why Ceragon?
• Robust radio link with integrated space diverted 40'

• High power split configuration 4+0 PPC-6

• Modular and scalable

• A cost efficient solution for a fiber alternate path (compared to all indoor
50'

solutions) Andidzan

Osh

40° 0'
71° 40' 30' 20' 10' 75°

Proprietary and Confidential

 Case Study
Uruguay Dedicado: Backbone for an ISP

• Challenge:
• Establishing a GbE link between sites
200km apart spanning over jungles and Native
Ethernet
Native
Ethernet
Native
Ethernet

lakes
•
nxFE / GbE nxFE / GbE
Solutions
• Split, all packet 3X(2+0) multi radio Cisco Ceragon Ceragon Ceragon Ceragon Cisco
7600
7600 FibeAir FibeAir FibeAir FibeAir
• 6 hopes
• Abstraction layer at both ends. (Cisco Service Aware Radio
Link Radio
nxFE / GbE Service Aware
nxFE /
routers) Link
Service Aware Radio GbE
• Why Ceragon? Link

• High Capacity and flexibility 34° 20'

31.94 km 32.81 km CESP 36

• Modularity and upgradability ARTI 34 21 02.00 S .53

km
34 22 37.00 S 057 09 44.00 W
CANO
30' 34 25 02.00 S 057 31 03.00 W
RIPI

• High capacity all, indoor, all packet

057 51 41.00 W
km 34 30 58.00 S
. 68 056 49 07.00 W
37
.55
49 km

• Cisco partnership (CTDP) 40'

Quilmes
34 43 41.00 S
RIBO
058 15 04.00 W 33
• Multi layered avaibilaity
34 42 58.00 S
.77
056 29 18.00 W km
50'

• Radio level, System level, e-t-e VPLA

34 54 21.00 S
056 11 59.00 W
35° 0'
58° 20' 58° 40' 20' 57° 40' 20'

82 Proprietary and Confidential

Summary
Main USPs – FibeAir IP-20LH

High capacity to scale future requirements Fully hybrid trunk (PDH/SDH/Ethernet)

• 2048QAM with high power • More capacity
• Capacity boosting techniques • Higher spectrum and carrier utilization
• 10GE interface • Higher SDH availability
• Up to 8+0 Multi-carrier ABC • Mixed traffic over a single logical aggregated pipe

Part of the IP-20 platform Facilitates network modernization

• Software defined engine • Full utilization of installed-base:
• Powered by CeraOS Radios, antennas, IF/waveguide, branching
• High service granularity (H-QoS) • Simply upgrade IFU to Evolution IP-20LH IDU
• E2E OA&M with all other IP-20 platform products

84 Proprietary and Confidential

Summary
• Network Evolution and Trends

• FibeAir IP-20LH
• Multi-purpose, high power trunk solution
• Multi-gigabits radio capacity with high spectral efficiency
• Future-proof, high availability and reliability
• Facilitates network modernization
• Common OS and software-defined engine

• IP-20 Backhaul Solution

• HQoS’s Role in Backhaul Sharing
• Synchronization Distribution
• TCP Burst Resiliency in LTE/4G Networks

• Case studies

85 Proprietary and Confidential

Thank You