BIOKIMIA KOMPARATIF

PERBEDAAN METABOLISME PROTEIN PADA

TUMBUHAN DAN FUNGI

RIZKI FITRIA
G851170011

Dosen: Prof. Dr. drh. Maria Bintang, M.S

DEPARTEMEN BIOKIMIA
SEKOLAH PASCASARJANA
INSTITUT PERTANIAN BOGOR
BOGOR
2017
 DAFTAR ISI

DAFTAR ISI..............................................................................................................ii

DAFTAR TABEL......................................................................................................iii

DAFTAR GAMBAR .................................................................................................iv

1. PENDAHULUAN ........................................................................................1
1.1 Latar Belakang .........................................................................................1
1.2 Rumusan Masalah ....................................................................................2
1.3 Tujuan ......................................................................................................2

2. PEMBAHASAN ...........................................................................................3

2.1 Struktur Sel Tumbuhan dan Fungi ...........................................................3

2.2 Biosintesis Protein pada Tumbuhan ........................................................4
2.2.1 Biosintesis Protein Terjadi pada Bagian yang Berbeda dalam sel ..4
2.2.2 Sintesis Protein dikatalisis Oleh Ribosom ......................................4
a Sintesis Rantai Peptida ...................................................................6
b Inhibitor dalam Proses Translasi ....................................................8
2.2.3 Protein Memperoleh Struktur Tiga Dimensi dengan
Pelipatan yang Terkontrol ..............................................................9
a Proses Pelipatan Protein .................................................................9
b Protein Dilindungi Selama Pelipatan .............................................10
c Heat Shock Protein Melindungi dari Kerusakan Akibat
Pemanasan ......................................................................................10
2.3 Degradasi Protein pada Tumbuhan .........................................................11
2.4 Biosintesis Protein pada Fungi ...............................................................13
2.4.1 Komponen untuk Biosintesis Protein ............................................13
a Ribosom .........................................................................................13
b Transfer RNA (tRNA) ...................................................................14
c Ribosomal RNA (rRNA) ...............................................................15
d Messenger RNA (mRNA) .............................................................16
2.4.2 Tahapan Biosintesis Protein ..........................................................17
a Transkripsi pada Fungi...................................................................17
Mekanisme Transkripsi Gen Kelas I .............................................17
Mekanisme Transkripsi Gen Kelas II............................................17
Mekanisme Transkripsi Gen Kelas III ..........................................19
b Proses Pasca Transkripsi ................................................................22
c Translasi pada Fungi ......................................................................23
Aktivasi Asam Amino ...................................................................23
 Inisiasi ...........................................................................................26
Elongasi .........................................................................................28
Terminasi dan Daur Ulang Ribosom .............................................29
d Pelipatan dan Proses Post Transalasi .............................................31
2.4.3 Degradasi Protein pada Fungi ....................................................32

3. PENUTUP
Kesimpulan...................................................................................................35
DAFTAR PUSTAKA .........................................................................................36
 DAFTAR TABEL

Tabel 1. Antibiotik Sebagai Inhibitor dalam Sintesis Protein ...................................9

Tabel 2. Kode Genetik Universal ..............................................................................16

 DAFTAR GAMBAR

Gambar 1. Pohon Filogenik Sistem Tiga Domain Utama Kehidupan .......................1

Gambar 2. Struktur Sel Tumbuhan dan Sel Fungi .....................................................3

Gambar 3. Pembentukan Kompleks Inisiasi Ribosom Eukariotik 80S .....................5

Gambar 4. Siklus Perpanjangan pada Biosintesis Protein .........................................7

Gambar 5. Pembentukan Ikatan Peptida oleh Peptidil Transferase ...........................8

Gambar 6. Proses Pelipatan Protein ...........................................................................10

Gambar 7. Degradasi Protein dengan Jalur Proteasom..............................................12

Gambar 8. Cara Kerja Proteasom ..............................................................................13

Gambar 9. Struktur tRNA ..........................................................................................14

Gambar 10.Urutan Nukleotida pada tRNA Alanin Yeast ..........................................15

Gambar 11.Proses Pembentukan Kompleks Prainisiasi Transkripsi .........................18

Gambar 12.Hipotesis Transkripsi Gen Kelas III .......................................................21

Gambar 13.Aminoasilasi tRNA oleh aminoasil-tRNA sintatase ...............................25

Gambar 14.Pembentukan Kompleks Inisiasi .............................................................27

Gambar 15.Proses Translasi ......................................................................................29

Gambar 16.Proses Terminasi .....................................................................................30

Gambar 17.Jalur Pengikatan Ubiquitin pada Protein dan Struktur Tiga Dimensi

Proteasom.................................................................................................33