ABSTRACT
Concrete is a composite material containing cement, fine aggregate, coarse aggregate and
water. River sand is the most widely used fine aggregate. In recent years, concrete production
has increased which means consumption of fine aggregate also increased. There has been
large scale exploitation of limited river sand resources, therefore river sand is expensive.
Brisek sand from camplong beach is cheaper and greater available than river sand.
Constructions companies which are close to Camplong beach are used to using brisek sand
from Camplong Beach as partial replacement of fine aggregate for construction in order to
reduce concrete cost. In this case there is a need to study the concrete with a brisek sand from
camplong as fine aggregate in order to get better understanding of brisek sand in concrete.
The aim of this research is to investigate the compressive strength of the concrete in which
Brisek sand from Camplong Beach was used as fine aggregate is partially or completely
replaced. The fine aggregate was replaced with 0%, 25%, 50%, 75%, 100% by brisek sand
from Camplong Beach, respectively. The compressive strengths of concrete speciemens for
respective mix proportions were tested at 7, 14 and 28 days of water curing. In addition the
source aggregate properties were considered in this research: Los Angeles abrasion,
absorption and spesific gravity for coarse aggregates and fine aggregate. The result of this
investigation showed that increase of fraction of Brisek Sand from Camplong Beach as
addition in concrete significantly reduced the compressive strength of the concrete.
.
1. INTRODUCTION
The Indonesian economy continued to grow slowly since the economic turmoil 18
Years ago. The economic growth caused the increasing in the construction sector (1).
Due to the growth in the construction industry, the demand for concrete has been
increasing. Concrete production has been escalating which means consumption of fine
aggregate also increased. There has been large scale exploitation of limited river sand
resources. The mining of aggregates in rivers has led to severe damage to rivers (2).
Therefore river sand is expensive. For reducing river sand mining and price in the
construction industry, it is important to introduce alternatives to river sand. One of
alternatives is Brisek sand from camplong beach. It is cheaper and greater available than
river sand. Constructions companies which are close to Camplong beach are used to
using brisek sand from Camplong Beach as partial replacement of fine aggregate for
construction in order to reduce concrete cost. In this case there is a need to study the
concrete with a brisek sand from camplong as fine aggregate in order to get better
understanding of brisek sand in concrete.
This research is an experimental study on compressive strength of concrete made by
using brisek sand from camplong beach as partial replacement of fine aggregate. In this
experimental study brisek sand from camplong beach replaced the fine aggregate in
various percentages.
2. METHODS
2.1. Objective
The objective of this study is to investigate the compressive strength of the concrete
in which Brisek sand from Camplong Beach was used as fine aggregate is partially or
completely replaced.
2.2.1 Cement
Ordinary Portland cement type I was used throughout the experimentation. The
ASTM designed five types of portland cement, designated types I-V. Cement type I for
general construction (3).
Fine Aggregate is the aggregate whose particles pass through 4,75 mm sieve. This
study used two kinds of fine aggregates. There are sand brisek from camplong beach and
river sand with specific gravities 2,16 and 2,78 respectively were used as given in table 2.
The methode that used to test pecific gravities is ASTM C-128-78 (4).
BRISEK SAND AS REPLACEMENT FINE AGGREGATES… 3
Coarse Aggregate is the aggregate whose particles retained on 4,75 mm sieve. This
study used one coarse aggregate with specific gravities 2,47 which is presented in table
1.
Tabel 1. The Properties of Coarse Aggregate Tabel 2. The Properties of Fine Aggregate
The Properties of Coarse The Properties of Brisek River
Aggregate fine Aggregate Sand Sand
Specific gravity 2,47 Specific gravity 2,16 2,78
Absorption (%) 4,42 Absorption (%) 35,5 20,48
Abrasion (%) 36,83 Humidity (%) 0,46 1,01
Humidity (%) 3,22
Five mixes were prepared; There are 0% brisek sand (as a control), 25% brisek sand,
50% brisek sand, 75% brisek sand, and 100% brisek sand for each set of mix design. The
composition of each aggregate was 70% coarse aggregate with maximum 40 mm size and
30% fine aggregate which was included in zone 3. The water cured concrete specimens
were tested at the age of 7, 14 and 28 days. The specimens were test in compression
testing machine which is presented in figure 1. The Properties of an aggregate such as
specifi gravity, absorption (5), humidity (6 ) and abration are tested which are showed in
table 1 and 2. Workability is tested by performing slump cone test for each set of mix as
shown in table 3. Cubes are used for compressive strength having size (15 mm x 15 mm
x 15 mm). Two cubes were tested for each mix which means this research totally used 30
cubes.
Results that are obtained for each laboratory test are tabulated as shown below. Also
graphs are drawn for the results to compare each mixes.
400
Strength
200
0
0% 25% 50% 75% 100%
Percentage of Brisek Sand
400
300
200
100
0
0% 25% 50% 75% 100%
Percentage of Brisek Sand
The result of this investigation showed that increase of fraction of Brisek Sand from
Camplong Beach as addition in concrete significantly reduced the compressive strength
of the concrete. Another result is the economic design of concrete can be done by using
25% brisek sand.
Acknowledgement
REFERENCES
1. Akhmad S., Garwono W., Yaya S. The Construction Sector of Indonesia.2009.,
National Construction Services Development Board (in English).
2. Padmalal, D., Maya, K., Sreebha, S., Streeja, R., 2008. Environmental effects of river
sandmining: a case from the river catchments of Vembanad Lake, Southwest coast of
India. Environ Geol. 54,879-889. DOI 10.1007/s00254-007-0870-z.
3. American Society for Testing and Materials. Standard Specification for Portland
Cement; ASTM C 150/C150M-15; ASTM International: West Conshohocken, PA,
USA, 2015.
4. American Society for Testing and Materials. Standard Specification for Spesific
Gravities; ASTM C 128-78; ASTM International: West Conshohocken, PA, USA,
2015.
5. American Society for Testing and Materials. Standard Specification for Absorption;
ASTM C 128-93; ASTM International: West Conshohocken, PA, USA, 2015.
6. American Society for Testing and Materials. Standard Specification for Humidity;
ASTM C 566; ASTM International: West Conshohocken, PA, USA, 2015.