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Leadership

Leadership

Complete and Complex task of influencing


(i) influencing task objectives and Strategies
(ii) influencing commitment and compliance of task
behavior to achieve these objectives
(iii) influencing group maintenance and identification,
and
(iv) influencing the culture of an organization
Eras of Orthodox Leadership Theory and
Research
• Great Man – pre 1900
• Trait – 1900 – 1948
• Behavioral Theories – 1940-60
• Contingency – 1948 – 1980’s
• Transformational – 1978 to present
• Servant – 1979 to present
• Multifaceted – 1990’s to present
Types of Leadership Style
• Autocratic:
• Democratic:
Consultative
Persuasive
• Laissez-Faire
• Paternalistic: Leader acts as a ‘father figure’
Leadership Styles
• Charismatic Leadership
• Participative Leadership
• Situational Leadership
• Transactional Leadership
• Transformational Leadership
• Entrepreneurial Leadership
• The Quiet Leadership
• Servant Leadership
Factors Affecting Style
• Leadership style may be dependent on various factors:
– Levels in the organization (Executive vs. Front line)
– Size of the organization
– The maturity of the organization
- Risk - decision making and change initiatives
- The amount of change in the environmental context
– How important change is – ?
– Organisational culture – may be long embedded
and difficult to change
– Nature of the task – needing cooperation? Direction? Structure?
Leadership in Public Sector
• Leadership is, by definition, always bound up
with new and emerging insights related to
effectively dealing with the growing
complexity, including policy and institutional
complexity of the environment(s) in which our
governance systems and developmental
efforts exist.
What leadership in public sector ?
• “Why should the profession move from a very
rational economic approach to a more
normative one based on the public service
ethic?”
Rational vs Normative Approaches
Rational vs Normative Leadership
• The rational approach is supported by agency theory,
contract theory, shareholder value maximization,
public choice theory, and transaction cost theory.
• Normative approach: desire to serve the public
interest, requiring individuals to act as trustees of the
state’s power, compassion or love for all people and a
willingness to sacrifice personal need to meet the
needs of a larger public
• Rational -Entrepreneurial leadership role
• Normative- Servant leadership -providing for the
needs of others while leading by showing the way.
True leadership emerges from a desire to help
others.
Servant leadership stresses the need for individuals to
interact in authentic ways, which is envisioned as
feelings of respect for others that are aligned with
actions of respect
Leadership Challenges
(i) Promotion of horizontal management
(ii) Introducing performance management in the
public services
(iii) Managing rapid change
(iv) Designing a strategic vision and developing
own-thinking capacity.

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