Republic of the Philippines

St. Paul University Iloilo

Gen. Luna St., Iloilo City, Philippines
Senior High School – Grade 11

E UDAMONIA OF THE RESIDENTS OF BARANGAY CALAJUNAN

A research paper submitted to:

Ms. Geraldine Malecosio

Submitted by:

Babas, Joseph Paolo

Mandado, Aimmee Therese

Pasaporte, Joanna Marie

Sorilla, Ma. Christine Joy

 Republic of the Philippines
ST. PAULS UNIVERSITY ILOILO
Gen. Luna St., Iloilo City, Philippines
Senior High School – Grade 11

Chapter 1

Introduction

This chapter has five parts: (1) Background of the Study, (2) Statement of the Problem,

(3) Objectives of the Study, (4) Significance of the Study, (5) Scope and Delimitation of the

Study and (6) Definition of Terms.

Part One, Background of the Study discusses the rationale of the study. Part Two,

Statement of the Problem. Part Three, Objectives of the Study. Part Four, Significance of the

Study, discusses the benefit that can be derived from the result of the study Part Five, Scope and

Delimitation of the Study, specifies the coverage and scope of the study. Part Six, Definition of

Terms, provides the conceptual and operational definitions of the important terms used in the

study.

Background of the Study

Iloilo City also known as the “City of Love” made advancements concerning structural

outputs. As the innovation continues, Ilonggos never wondered where their rubbish are

discarded. Filipinos produce the average of 0.5kg to 0.3kg of garbage every single day. As of

2015, Iloilo City has the estimated population of 448 thousand which has only 1 dumpsite in

Barangay Calajunan that accommodates all the waste disposals. In fact there are residents living
nearby and within the said site. In addition this research concerns the effects of their environment

to their well-being and also on how they deal and adapt with it in their daily lives.

Currently, the Philippines is looming with garbage problems despite the passage of the

Ecological Solid Waste Management Act or the Republic Act (RA) 9003. First quarter data from

the National Solid Waste Management Commission (2007) shows that there are 677 open

dumpsites, 343 controlled dumps, and 21 landfills in the country. An additional 307 dump sites

are subject for closure or rehabilitation plans but without definite schedules for enforcement.

About 215 additional landfills are being proposed to be set up nationwide. About 1000 open and

controlled dump sites exist in the country. Prominent dumps all over the country can be found in

Antipolo and Montalban in Rizal; Baguio City; Calapan, Mindoro Oriental; Carmen, Cagatayan

de Oro; Mandurriao, Iloilo City; Obando, Bulacan; and San Pedro, Laguna. Mismanagement of

waste has serious environmental consequences: ground and surface water contamination, local

flooding, air pollution, exposure to toxins, and spread of disease. Many of the disposal sites

contain infectious material, thus threatening sanitation workers and waste-pickers (Imagine Echo

Projects, 2008).

One of the widely used dump sites around the country in the Barangay Calajunan,

Mandurriao dump site wherein there are over 300 waste pickers who sort garbage for livelihood

believing that indeed there is cash in trash. Waste from various parts of the city are gathered and

dumped in this area. Some families of sanitation workers and waste pickers live nearby the

vicinity of the dump site and others within the dump site. Few houses are even built on top of the

mountain of garbage. Several health concerns can be associated with this condition. This study

was performed to know the quality of life of the residents near the dump site and how they cope

with their condition. The researcher conducted this research to the garbage pickers in different
age groups at Barangay CalajunanMandurriao, Iloilo to better understand their perception

regarding the quality of their life.

Statement of the Problem

The main problem of this study was, “What is the quality of life of the residences nearby

and within the dumpsite in Calajunan, Mandurriao Iloilo?”

The following specific research questions were also answered:

1. What is the profile of the respondents in terms of:

a. age,

b. sex,

c. civil status,

d. range of monthly income

e. educational attainment

f. number of family members?

2. What is the quality of life of the residents in terms of physical health, psychological health,

social relationships, and environment when taken as a whole andgrouped according to profile?

3. What is the over-all quality of life of the residents when taken as a whole and grouped

according to profile?

4. What is the health satisfaction of the residents when taken as a whole and grouped according

to profile?
Objectives of the Study

Specifically it aimed to determine the:

1. Profile of the respondents in terms of:

a. age,

b. sex,

c. civil status,

d. range of monthly income

e. educational attainment

f. number of family members?

2. Quality of life of the residents in terms of physical health, psychological health, social

relationships, and environment;

3. Over-all quality of life of the when taken as a whole and group according to profile; and

4. Health satisfaction of the waste pickers when taken as a whole and grouped according to

profile.

Significance of the Study

Significance to Community

This study will raise awareness to the community of Iloilo City regarding on the

impacts of garbage towards health condition.

Significance to Residents of Brgy. Calajunan

This study is beneficial to the residents of Brgy. Calajunan, Madurriao to know

the quality of life in order to motivate them to seek medical assistance from government

and non-government organization.

Significance to Community Health Care Providers

This study aims to help community health care providers to be knowledgeable

regarding on the health condition of the residents of Calajunan. It would be beneficial to

these people since it would provide data and information they will be needing to know in

detecting the different viruses that can cause diseases.

Significance to Government

This study could benefit the Government for this can be used in determining the

health concerns of the residents of Calajunan dumpsite and in turn, it could give suitable

measures for their sake. This will serve as a guide to the local government on what will

be the effects of waste in concerning the health condition of Calajunan residents.

Significance to the Future Researchers

This study will serve as a guide to the present andfuture researches having

similar field by providing them vital information on the health condition of the people

living near the dumpsite especially the residents of Brgy. Calajunan.

Scope and Delimitation

This study aimed to determine the well-being of the residents of Brgy.

CalajunanMandurriao. The respondents will be the locals who are living nearby the dump

site area. The participants will be ask through questionnaires and personal interview to

collect all the data and information needed. This research focuses on the health condition

of inhabitants with different ages of Brgy. Calajunan which mean this will also determine

the age, life style, number of population and also the source of their living. The

participants in the study includes only those local respondents who reside within the

dump site of Barangay Calajunan, Mandurriao.

Definition of Terms

For better understanding of this study, the key terms used where given their respective

and conceptual definition.

Landfill

A system of trash and garbage disposal in which thewaste is buried between layers of

earth to build up low-lying land. (Merriam-Webster Dictionary)

In this study, the landfill is the locale of the study. This is mostly where the researchers

will look for possible participants for the interview.

Garbage

Food waste, discarded or useless material, trash. (Merriam-Webster Dictionary)

 In this study, garbage is the primary source of problems in the area. It is found in the

dump site and causes a lot of problems such as proper segregation, waste disposal and most

importantly, diseases.

Residents

Living in a place for some length of time. (Merriam-Webster Dictionary)

In this study, residents of Barangay Calajunan, Mandurriao will be the participants

needed for the study. The researchers would need their opinions according to their physical

geography which is near a dumpsite.

Health Condition

State of being, welfare of a person. (Merriam-Webster Dictionary)

In this study, the health condition of the participants would be key. The researchers will

take note of their given health condition, if residing near a dump site indeed has effects to a

person’s well-being.

Eudemonia

Defines right action as that which leads to the "well-being" of the individual, thus holding "well-

being" as having essential value. (www.philosophybasics.com)

In this study, Eudemonia stands for the health condition of Brgy. Calajunan residents that

researchers seeking for. This is the main point of the study is to find this status of the residents.
 Republic of the Philippines
ST. PAULS UNIVERSITY ILOILO
Gen. Luna St., Iloilo City, Philippines
Senior High School – Grade 11

Chapter 2

Review of Related Literature

The Way Human Body Adapts to Its Environment

The human body promptly reacts to changing ecological worries in an assortment of

organic and social ways. We can adapt to an extensive variety of temperature and stickiness.

When venturing out to high heights, our bodies change with the goal that our cells still get

adequate oxygen. We likewise are continually reacting in physiological approaches to our inner

and outer burdens, for example, bacterial and viral diseases, air and water pollution, dietary

imbalance, and overpopulation.

This capacity to quickly adjust to fluctuating natural conditions has made it workable for

us to get by in many locales of the world. We live effectively in humid tropical forests, harsh

deserts, arctic wastelands, and even thickly populated urban communities with significant

measures of contamination. Most other creature and plant species are confined to one or

generally couple of conditions by their more constrained versatility ( O’Neil 2014).

As far back as 1970s, there has been an exploration of developing assemblage of research

on natural life and lab creatures and epidemiological investigations of people. These

investigation shows that long haul introduction to different poisonous chemicals in the earth can

upset the body’s immune system, nervous system, and endocrine framework ( Miller, 2001).
Situation in Payatas “Smokey Mountain”

Manila, the capital city of the Philippines belongs to the 11 million inhabitants that

suffers from the same problem that affects cities with the same size as its all over the world;

poverty, crime and pollution. Pollution is one of the biggest problem of this said city, in

particular the garbage. For how many years the city’s garbage had been taken to the small

barangay of Payatas, where it is dumped openly. Local people call it "Smoky Mountain" in light

of the fact that the air is always thick with smoke from the burning; the stench is so solid, It's

tolerable for only a couple of minutes at an opportunity to untouchables.Resedents search out a

living by rummaging through the waste and rescuing whatever can be sold as scrap or recyclable

material. The normal family gains about US$ 1 or 52.16 Pesos daily for this work. Which is

insufficient to nourish itself. There is even a neighbourhood group called The Scroungers'

Affiliation for the general population who live here, some portion of thePhilippines Homeless

People's Federation. Indeed, even Charles Dickens and Victor Hugo couldn't depict neediness

and desperation on this scale.

The homes themselves shouldn't generally be called homes — they are flimsy shacks in a

shanty town. The work is dangerous to the point that on July 10, 2000, a huge number of

individuals were caught when a gigantic avalanche of waste covered them in their shacks. The

avalanche cut down electrical cables which at that point added to a resulting inferno. More than

two hundred — numerous youngsters — passed on accordingly. Despite the fact that this episode

was the biggest calamity recorded at the site, comparative ones happen constantly. I was

informed that only two months previously I took these photos, twenty individuals were caught

when a trash pile close which they were working crumpled under its own particular weight over

them. All kicked the bucket. Indeed, even today the very burnable methane gas that scatters
continually from the deny represents a day by day danger to the general population who live and

work there. ( Waddington, 1999-2018)

Calajunan Dumpsite

Here in the Philippines, dumpsites are the biggest cause of water and air pollution. They

are big tracts of land where all the garbage collected from cities are taken. The garbage piled at

the dump sites create mountain that emits a kind of gas that contributes to the warming of the

atmosphere (Cartel, 2012).

The Barangay Calajunan, Mandurriao dumpsite is a 23-hectare area with more than 300

waste pickers and 120 of them are registered and numbers of the United Calajunan Livelihood

Association (UCLA). According to statistics, Iloilo City is generating more than 170 tons of

garbage everyday from commercial establishments, residential area, shopping malls, markets and

the streets and all these garbage are dumped into this dump site. At this time, more than three

hectares of the abandoned old dump site area are already covered with soil and is reserved for the

establishment of an ecological park planted with trees and ornamental plants (Pendon, 2011).

As of 2015 Barangay Calajunan has 4046 residents, according to the Barangay

Population Data Municipality of Iloilo City and still grows as time passes by. (Somo, 2015)

Diseases Found in Contaminated Water

Waterborne diseases are caused by drinking contaminated or dirty water. Polluted water

can cause numerous sorts of diarrheal sicknesses, including Cholera, and different genuine

ailments, for example, Guinea worm disease, Typhoid, and Dysentery. Water related maladies

cause 3.4 million deaths every year (Vestergaard, 2014).

Diseases Found in Polluted Air

Air Contamination is a standout amongst the most widespread contamination and is one

of the inescapable ones. Being a regularly infesting medium and transporter, air can exchange the

toxins quick in the blink of an eye; making it relatively incomprehensible for any individual

taking in the contaminated air, to stay away from the disease. In spite of the fact that the poison

level, response to the toxins and invasion of the contamination based sicknesses in each

individual is extraordinary; the way that air contamination can effetely affect the human body

can just not be disregarded. Here are some diseases present when there is air pollution; Asthma,

lung cancer, COPD (Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease), Leukaemia, Pneumonia and

others (India, 2017).

Soil Contamination

Soil contamination happens when there is a development of steady poisonous mixes,

salts, radioactive materials, chemicals or ailment causing operators in the dirt which influence

human, creature and plant well-being. Soil contamination is essentially a consequence of human

movement, for example, the utilization of pesticides like Atrazine, which is a famous weed killer,

and the age of undesirable mechanical waste like arsenic. Soil contamination changes the

structure of the dirt and makes a pathogenic soil condition, prompting the spread of illnesses like

cancer, kidney and liver diseases, brain and nerve damage, malaria, cholera and dysentery(

Jenny, 2010).

Living Inside a Dumpsite

Tragically, life at this dumpsite is the main life a few offspring of Mwakirunge in Bamburi

Neighborhood Rights Program have known since birth. Conceived at the dumpsite, they need to
fight with dangerous exhaust and chemicals, cruel flames that are lit in an unstable endeavour to

decrease the heaping piles of rubbish, medicinal waste among different mixed drinks of waste.

Aside from the hazardous squander, both young men and young ladies living at the dumpsite are

left helpless against sedate sellers, attackers and the illusive appeal to an existence of picking

plastics and glass jugs to hawk to reusing plants for the sake of gaining a living. Suppers are

difficult to find here, so it is simpler to get with the gaining program than to organize tutoring.

There are no homes; just shacks set up together with sticks, polythene paper and container

sheets. I need to ask, what future do these kids truly have?

Despite the fact that there have been consistent endeavours through ActionAid Kenya and

accomplices, for example, Sauti Ya Wanawake Ladies' Development (Rousing ladies these

ones!) to have the outdoors dumpsite moved, the landfill continues getting truck heaps of junk

day by day. The dumpsite is currently 13 years of age (Muna, 2016) .

An Urban World

A large portion of us live in urban communities and towns, and it is in these urban

settings that numerous answers for ecological problems must be found. Urban areas and towns

are expanding in size and spreading over the scene, once in a while disposing of important

farmland and common regions ( Jenny, 2010).

Previously, the ecological activism typically focused on wild. Later on, in any case it

will be vital to centeron towns and urban communities as decent conditions and to create

agreement amongst modern and business exercises and the nature of urban situations.(Muna,

2015)
Quality of Life

According to WHO (1994), quality of life is defined as the individual’s perceptions of

their position in life in the context of the culture and value systems in which they live and in

relation in their goals, expectations, standards and concerns. The definitions reflects the view that

quality of life refers to a subjective evaluation which is embedded in a cultural, social and

environmental context. Because this definition of quality of life focuses upon respondent’s

perceived quality of life, it is not expected to provide a means of measuring in any detailed

fashion symptoms, diseases or conditions but rather the effects of disease and health

interventions on quality of life (WHO, 1994).

Summary of Literature Reviewed

Calajunan is a barangay located in Mandurriao, Iloilo City that has a population of 4064 as of

2015. According to statistics, Iloilo City is generating more than 170 tons of garbage every day

from commercial establishments, residential area, shopping malls, markets and the street. All

these garbage are dumped into this dump site in Brgy. Calajunan which is very known, for it is

the only dumpsitethat exists herein Iloilo city. The residents who lived their whole life in the said

barangay, says that they already adapt their environment which affects their lifestyle and their

welfare. Based on the research of O’Neil (2014), he stated that human body adapts environment

which supported the fact mentioned by Miller (2001) that the longer person stays at a specific

place, their immune system will adapt and will become even stronger.

Because of the hazardous environment the people in Calajunan, It could affect the

welfare of the residents and can make them suffer from different diseases like pneumonia, lung
cancer, asthma and others based on the research of Jenny (2001). Based on the research of

Vestergaard( 2014) residents can also acquire different diseases from contaminated water for

example, Guinea Worm Disease, Typhoid, and Dysentery and etc. Soil contamination can also

affect them, given that; it is lack of planting sites. If it’s not contaminated we can truly say that

their life could be even more better , where they can plant their own food such as vegetables and

fruits, but unfortunately they can’t do that due to the soil condition which became acidic since

different chemicals is thrown their all the time.

Based on Muna (2016) the quality of life of these people is so poor due to

thedangerous and uncomfortable environment, social class and cultural context. Some of the

residents of this said dumpsite use rubbish as their livelihood. There are no homes; just shacks

set up together with sticks, polythene paper and container sheets. It’s also hard for them to find

supper here, so sometimes they even missed to eat 3 times a day which can truly affect their

health.

Different toxics and chemicals are released in this place as they call it as home. Based on

the facts stated by India (2017) it was stated that the air pollution is more crucial than other

pollution for it stands out amongst the most widespread contamination and is one of the

inescapable ones. Even a blink on an eye, simple exhale of an air can exchange the toxins;

making it relatively incomprehensible for any individual taking in the contaminated air, to stay

away from the disease. If this persists it could lead to some pulmonary diseases such as Asthma,

lung cancer, COPD (Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease), Leukaemia, Pneumonia and

others.
In relation to our title “Eudemonia of the Residence of Barangay Calajunan” these different

literatures were able to discuss related topics about our research which helps us to understand

especially in clarifying vague points about the topic. It guides us also in locating more sources of

related information that helps researchers to formulate the specific questions to be research on.

Having these related literature help us in making our research more reliable as it help us in

making comparison between the previous findings of the previous researchers having similar

studies which is a big contribution to the study to fund knowledge not only for us researchers but

also for the future readers of this research.

 Republic of the Philippines
ST. PAULS UNIVERSITY ILOILO
Gen. Luna St., Iloilo City, Philippines
Senior High School – Grade 11

References

Cartel, R (2012) Calajunan Dumpsite. Retrieved from

https://www2.palomar.edu/anthro/adapt/adapt1.html on March 25, 2018

India, D(2017) Diseases Found In Polluted Air. Retrieved from

https://medium.com/@auzairind/10-most-common-diseases-caused-by-air-pollution

8faf75f51f8d on March 27, 2018

Jenny, L (2010) Soil Contamination. Retrieved from

https://healthyliving .azcentral.com/diseases-caused-by-soil-pollution-12287109.html

on March 27, 2018

Miller, N (2001) How The Body Adapts To Its Environment . Retrieved from

http://tracking.revimedia.com/aff_r?offer_id=2931&aff_id=6377&url=http%3A%2F%

2Fwww.s earch-privacy.online on March 28, 2018

Muna, J (2015) . Soil Pollution. Retrieve from

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1877042814001876

on March 19, 2018

Muna, K (2016) Living Inside A Dumpsite. Retrieve from

http://www.actionaid.org/kenya/2015/06/living-dumpsite on March 27, 2018

O’Niel, B (2001) Human Body Adapts To Its Environment. Retrieved From

https://docs.google.com/presentation/d/104KAFN1dcwemnZosub2Nj0NhykyO2BSrt

prirlaC1o/edit#slide=id.p12 on March 27, 2018

Pendon, S ( 2011) Barangay Calajunan. Retrieved from

http://www.actionaid.org/Calajunan /2015/06/living-dumpsite on March, 28 2018

Somo, R (2015) Barangay Calajunan. Retrieved from

http://www.humankinetics.com/excerpts/excerpts/the-importance-of-health-fitness

and-wellness on March 28, 2018

Vestergaard, C (2014) Contaminated Water. Retrieved from

https://healthyliving.azcentral.com/diseases-caused-by-water-pollution-12287109.html

on March 27, 2018

Waddington, R (1999-2018) Situation in Payatas “Smokey Mountain”. Retrieve from

https://www.theguardian.com/global-development/2014/oct/06/smelly-contaminated-

disease-worlds-open-dumps on March 27, 2018

WHO (1994) Quality Of Life. Retrieve from

http://www.worldhealth.org/quality-life On March 27, 2018

 Republic of the Philippines
ST. PAULS UNIVERSITY ILOILO
Gen. Luna St., Iloilo City, Philippines
Senior High School – Grade 11

Chapter 3

Methodology

This chapter presents the methods and processes employed in conducting the study. It is

divided into three parts: (1) Purpose of the Study and Research Method, (2) Methodology and,

(3) Process.

Part one, Purpose of the Study, reaffirms the research Purpose; explains the Research

method used; classifies the sources of data and the processes in obtaining the data.

Part two, Methodology, discusses briefly the methods and techniques of gathering the

information.

Part three, Process restates the purpose; enumerates the materials used in the study; and

discusses the steps in formulating the clear and original study in method.

Purpose of the Study and Research Method

Purpose of the Study

This study aims to know the quality of life of the residences nearby and within the

dumpsite in Calajunan, Mandurriao Iloilo.

Specifically, this study seek to answer the following questions:

  Gather facts about waste and how it affects the welfare of the residents from

realated literature, surveys, and interviews;

 Know how the residents cope up with everyday life given that they reside near a

dumpsite

 Know possible effects of living near a dumpsite to a resident

 Know possible factors which leads to health issues of the residents

The Research Design

This study used descriptive-qualitative study research design to describe the quality of

life of those residing near and within the Calajunan, Mandurriao dumpsite. The profile of the

respondents and the perception of the waste pickers regarding their health, living condition and

other aspects of their life were also presented.

Setting of the Study

This study will be conducted at Barangay Calajunan, Mandurriao, Iloilo.

Sample and Sampling Scheme

The participants will be the residents nearby and within the dumpsite of Baranggay

Calajunan, Mandurriao. 20 participants who were the only ones available on the day of the study.

Convenience sampling was used to choose the participants of the study.

 Methodology

Participants

Randomly selected residents of BarangayCalajunan, Mandurriao Iloilo will be the

participants/respondents of this study. The researcher will gather information through interview.

There are sixty (20) respondents all in all. The survey will consist of 20 residents in total,

ten (10) residents residing nearby the dumpsite, ten (10) residents residing within the dumpsite.

Instruments

For the interview, lists of questions are going to be formulated regarding their well-being

to be answered by 20 residents. This study is done through interview. This study employed the

triangulation process. To gather primary data, observation of respondents and series of

interviews were conducted. Other information are taken from books, journals, news articles, and

the internet. This method had provided this study the information needed in concluding the

results. The Conceptual Literature about crimes and detainees were taken from primary sources

gathered through survey and interview, while secondary sources were also used such as books,

encyclopedias, and the internet.

Data Collection Procedure

Data is going to be collected by interviewing twenty (20) residents of Barangay

Calajunan, Mandurriao Iloilo. The main purpose of the study was to know the eudemonia of the

residents of Barangay Calajunan, Mandurriao Iloilo. This descriptive study aimed to produce

results about the relationship of the Calajunan dumpsite to the people residing near it. First and

foremost, researchers will ask permission to conduct the study from people of authority in St.
Paul University Iloilo through a letter. The researchers will then prepare the materials that are

needed to conduct the study in order to gather the data that were needed. The interviews are

going to be conducted on random residents of Barangay Calajunan, Mandurriao Iloilo.

For qualitative data, one on one interviews of twenty (20) residents are going to be

conducted.