Ci Vol40no1

JANUARY 2018 V. 40 No.
Admixtures &
Cementitious
Materials
31 Racing Towards a
Green Future
Repair and
strengthen all
in one shot.
Repair, protect and strengthen concrete and masonry structures in

one application and significantly reduce your clients’ installed cost.
The new FRCM Externally Bonded Composite Strengthening
System combines high-performance sprayable mortar with carbon
fiber mesh to create thin-walled, reinforced concrete shells without
adding significant weight or mass to the structure.
To learn more visit go.strongtie.com/frcm or call (800) 999-5099.
© 2018 Simpson Strong-Tie Company Inc. FRCM17E

NEW – ACS Core 400 Climbing System
Single Stroke Self-Climbing Formwork
The new PERI ACS Core 400 Climbing System makes forming concrete
cores on high-rise buildings faster, safer and more efficient than ever
before. The new heavy duty hydraulics lift the entire platform, placing
boom, formwork and suspended external platforms to the next level in
only 20 minutes. Reduced assembly times result in labor savings and
increased safety.
Formwork
Visit us at World of Concrete booth O30944 Scaffolding
Engineering
www.peri-usa.com
Ci
JANUARY 2018 V. 40 No. 1
Concrete
international
The Magazine of the Concrete Community
ADMIXTURES & CEMENTITIOUS MATERIALS
31 Racing Towards a Green Future

Construction and performance of a concrete toboggan made with
self-consolidating magnesium silicate concrete
by Allan Scott, Jacob Carlos, Jon Remacka, Stephanie Paitich,
and Neil Hoult
36 Field Application of Nonproprietary Ultra-High-

Performance Concrete
Experiences gained and lessons learned
by Sherif El-Tawil, Yuh-Shiou Tai, and John A. Belcher II
43 The Rheology of Control Flow Concrete

Conventional mixtures can be designed to behave almost like
self-consolidating concrete
by Elizabeth G. Burns, Klaus-Alexander Rieder, Joshua W. Curto,
and Nathan Tregger
ALSO FEATURING
25 2017 Concrete Society Awards for Excellence in Concrete

Queensferry Crossing selected as outright winner
26
63 Concrete Q&A
Epoxy-Coated Reinforcement and Cover Depth Against Ground
39
www.concreteinternational.com | Ci | JANUARY 2018 3
January
Ci
Concrete international
PUBLISHER
John C. Glumb, CAE
( john.glumb@concrete.org) 54
EDITOR-IN-CHIEF
Rex C. Donahey, PE
(rex.donahey@concrete.org) departments
ENGINEERING EDITOR 7 President’s Memo
W. Agata Pyc
(agata.pyc@concrete.org)
9 News
14 Knowledge to Practice:
MANAGING EDITOR ACI Foundation
Keith A. Tosolt
(keith.tosolt@concrete.org) 16 ACI Committee Document
Abstracts
EDITORIAL COORDINATOR
Lacey J. Stachel
18 On the Move
(lacey.stachel@concrete.org) 20 Chapter Reports
The 2017 Great Northern Concrete 51 Products & Practice
ADVERTISING
Toboggan Race is the wintertime
Meredith Schwartz 54 Product Showcase
Network Media Partners equivalent of the ASCE National
(mschwartz@networkmediapartners.com) Concrete Canoe Competition. The 56 Industry Focus
team from Queen’s University used a
self-consolidating magnesium silicate 57 Calls for Papers
PUBLISHING SERVICES
concrete mixture to produce the
MANAGER 58 Sinopsis en español
runners for their winning toboggan.
Barry M. Bergin For more details, see the article starting 59 Public Discussion
on p. 31.
EDITORS 60 Meetings
Carl R. Bischof, Kaitlyn J. Dobberteen, 61 Membership Application
Tiesha Elam, Angela R. Matthews,
Kelli R. Slayden 62 Advertisers’ Index
62 Bulletin Board
GRAPHIC DESIGNERS
Susan K. Esper, Ryan M. Jay, 62 What’s New from ACI
Gail L. Tatum
Copyright © 2018 American Concrete Institute. Printed in the United States of America. All correspondence should be directed to the
headquarters office: 38800 Country Club Drive, Farmington Hills, MI 48331. Telephone: +1.248.848.3700. Facsimile (FAX): +1.248.848.3701.
Concrete International (US ISSN 0162-4075) is published monthly by the American Concrete Institute, 38800 Country Club Drive,
Farmington Hills, MI 48331. Periodicals postage paid at Farmington, MI, and at additional mailing offices. Concrete
International has title registration ® with the U.S. Patent Trademark Office. Subscription rates: $172 per year (U.S. and
possessions); $181 (elsewhere) payable in advance: single copy price is $27.00 plus shipping, prepaid. POSTMASTER: send ad-
dress changes to Concrete International, 38800 Country Club Drive, Farmington Hills, MI 48331. The Institute is not responsible
for the statements or opinions expressed in its publications. Institute publications are not able to, nor intended to supplant
individual training, responsibility, or judgment of the user, or the supplier, of the information presented. Permission is granted by
the American Concrete Institute for libraries and other users registered with the Copyright Clearance Center (CCC) to photocopy
any article herein for the fee of $3.00 per transaction. Payments marked ISSN 0162-4075/97 should be sent directly to the Copyright
AMERICAN CONCRETE INSTITUTE Clearance Center, 21 Congress St., Salem, MA. 01970. Copying done for other than personal or internal reference use without the
express permission of the American Concrete Institute is prohibited. Requests for special permission or bulk copying should be
http://www.concrete.org addressed to the Publisher, Concrete International, American Concrete Institute. Canadian GST #126213149RT
Tel. +1.248.848.3700
Fax. +1.248.848.3150
4 JANUARY 2018 | Ci | www.concreteinternational.com

American Concrete Institute
Ci
Board of Direction
IN President Directors
Khaled W. Awad JoAnn P. Browning William M. Klorman
Reflections Cesar A. Constantino Neven Krstulovic-Opara
Past President Tracy D. Marcotte
Board Members Frances T. Griffith
E
William E. Rushing Jr. H.R. Trey Hamilton Antonio Nanni
ach month, Keith Tosolt and Sharon L. Wood R. Doug Hooton Roberto Stark
Lacey Stachel post layouts from Michael J. Schneider Joe Hug
the upcoming issue of CI on a
bulletin board in the hallway outside my
office. We use the postings for quick Vice Presidents Executive Vice President
assessments of details, including David A. Lange Randall W. Poston Ronald Burg
pagination or inappropriate
juxtapositions of ads and editorial
content. Keith also will post the initial Technical Activities Educational Activities Certification Programs
Committee Committee Committee
cover design, as it gives us (CI staff chair chair chair
members) an opportunity to review the H.R. Trey Hamilton Frances T. Griffith Joe Hug
design for conflicts with the address secretary staff liaison staff liaison
label, masthead, or ACI logo. Matthew R. Senecal Kathryn A. Amelio John W. Nehasil
This month’s cover photo was Michael C. Brown Diana Arboleda Bryan Castles
selected because it directly tied to one of JoAnn P. Browning Arturo Gaytan Covarrubias William Ciggelakis
our feature articles and because it’s so Catherine E. French Thomas M. Greene Brian Green
dynamic. And probably because of that Harry A. Gleich Joe Hug Werner Hellmer
Fred R. Goodwin Anthony Lamanna Augusto H. Holmberg
dynamism, the cover garnered more than Larry Kahn Ronald L. O’Kane Steve Lloyd
a few comments from other ACI staff Neven Krstulovic-Opara Jackie Sempel Warren E. McPherson Jr.
members. One comment stood out: I was Kimberly E. Kurtis Scott Tarr Christopher Robinson
asked why we would feature a photo of a Tracy D. Marcotte Ronald Vaughn Thomas L. Rozsits
Michael S. Stenko Xiomara Sapon
snowmobile. At first glance, I agree that Bruce A. Suprenant David M. Suchorski
the photo does show what appears to be Andrew W. Taylor Wayne M. Wilson
a machine blasting through a snowbank.
On closer inspection, however, five
helmets are visible—that’s no
snowmobile—it’s a fast-moving
toboggan. While we can’t be sure if the
passengers were feeling glee or fear ACI Staff & Departments
(perhaps both) when the camera shutter Executive Vice President: Ronald Burg (ron.burg@concrete.org)
opened, we can be certain they were Senior Managing Director: John C. Glumb (john.glumb@concrete.org)
feeling pride and joy when they finished ACI Foundation: Human Resources:
the construction of the toboggan—those ann.daugherty@acifoundation.org lori.purdom@concrete.org
feelings are clearly communicated by the Certification: Information Systems:
article starting on p. 31. aci.certification@concrete.org support@concrete.org
We can also be certain that members Chapter Activities: Marketing:
of the Central Texas Chapter – ACI john.conn@concrete.org kevin.mlutkowski@concrete.org
shared feelings of pride and joy when Engineering: Member/Customer Services:
they held their first certification exam in techinq@concrete.org acimemberservices@concrete.org
their new headquarters building in Event Services: Professional Development:
Pflugerville, TX—those feelings are conventions@concrete.org claire.hiltz@concrete.org
communicated by the chapter’s report Finance and Administration: Publishing Services:
starting on p. 20. donna.halstead@concrete.org barry.bergin@concrete.org
Speaking for the many staff members
who helped assemble this month’s issue,
we’re proud to share those and other
accomplishments with you, our dear Sustaining Members
readers. Those feelings are See pages 12-13 for a list of ACI’s Sustaining Members.
communicated on this and every page of To learn more about our sustaining members, visit the ACI website at
the magazine. Welcome to 2018! www.concrete.org/membership/sustainingmembers.aspx.
Rex C. Donahey

The World Standard in Concrete
Waterproofing by Crystallization
Second Orinoco River Bridge

Ciudad Guayana, Venezuela
Electron Microscope Images are the property and copyright of Xypex Chemical Corporation.
XYPEX integral crystalline technology waterproofs concrete foundation structures

as they’re poured and cannot be damaged during installation or backfilling.
Unlike membranes, Xypex is added to the concrete at the time of batching avoiding
application errors. This sustainable technology also contributes to LEED credits.
When you select Xypex Crystalline Technology, you’ve chosen the best…
more than 40 years of independent testing, experience in over 90 countries,
Concrete Xypex Crystallization Xypex Crystallization unmatched product and service standards … and still no equal.
(Untreated) (Initiated) (Mature)
Call 1.800.961.4477 or visit us at xypex.com

President's
Memo
A New Year, a New Membership
Category, and a New Great Value
T
o all ACI members and I am also pleased to announce the creation of a new
partners, I extend well category of ACI membership. To encourage more active
wishes and hope for participation in ACI, the ACI Board of Direction recently
continuing success in the new approved the establishment of a new membership category
year. The feeling of renewal and called Local Member, which will be available to current
repurpose fostered by ringing in chapter members with a paid chapter membership. This is
a new year resonates worldwide. ground-breaking news because Chapter members worldwide
In that spirit, it is very will not have to pay anything additional to join ACI. Unless
appropriate at this time to unveil they opt out, they will be registered through the chapter annual
the newest enhancements to ACI report that is submitted to ACI in February of each year.
membership. This is not just an Benefits will include a digital subscription to CI, three ACI
incremental change but a real University course tokens for use on selected on-demand
boost in value to our members. courses, and the ability to print an ACI Membership
Khaled W. Awad
ACI President
What’s new with ACI certificate. Local Members will also receive access to and a
membership benefits? Starting listing in the online membership directory.
this month, every ACI Many of our active members began their affiliation with
individual member will begin receiving unprecedented digital ACI as a local chapter member, so this new category furthers
access to the Institute’s 200+ practices—including all active that connection. You will be hearing more details about this
guides and reports—plus free shipping via USPS media mail program in the near future.
on orders in the continental United States. Additionally, Membership value is a very important issue to the future
members have the added benefit of using two new substantial sustainability of the Institute, and something that has been
discounts—one for digital access to ACI’s 50 active codes and much discussed over the years. In my opinion, this is the best
specifications, and another for access to the new, annual time to become an ACI member as the value of membership is
subscription of ACI University’s monthly webinars and finally so tangible and unambiguous. With these new additions
on-demand courses. to ACI’s membership benefits, members can join our
You may be wondering why ACI is adding more member community while also getting more of the tools they need to
benefits. When searching for information today, more and stay informed, do their jobs, and become local resources on
more concrete professionals prefer immediate, digital access best practices. And with the new Local Member category,
to answers and source material. Based on the feedback ACI members are now connected to tens of thousands of other
received from our members, we have structured membership ACI members in more than 130 countries.
around digital online access to ACI’s guides and reports, ACI Individual and Local Members can access their new
while providing substantial discounts to add online access to benefits simply by logging in to www.concrete.org. If you
ACI’s codes and specifications. have questions, visit www.concrete.org/membership, or you
Also, the new all-access subscription to ACI University can call ACI at +1.248.848.3800 and staff will be happy to
webinars and on-demand courses is exciting for ACI. Through talk with you about the many benefits of ACI membership.
this subscription, it has never been easier to obtain access to And, if you are already a member, I encourage you to talk
all of ACI’s monthly webinars and our 175+ on-demand with your colleagues about having them join ACI’s concrete
courses. New in 2018, ACI members will receive a substantial community. It is the right decision. It has been true in my
discount to subscribe. case, and for countless other ACI members. It is even truer
All current individual membership benefits will still be today. With the new addition in value and with the new
available. Based on their popularity, ACI members will membership category, ACI members are now part of the most
continue to receive Concrete International, ACI Materials comprehensive concrete knowledge hub in the world.
Journal, ACI Structural Journal, discounts, ACI University Happy 2018!
course tokens, access to the ACI Career Center, inclusion in
the ACI member directory, the opportunity to join committees, Khaled W. Awad
and much more. American Concrete Institute

When high performance and exceptional
finishability come together in one fiber…
…that’s Chemistry At Work.
Introducing MasterFiber® MAC 360 FF Hybrid Fiber

Imagine a concrete fiber that delivers unparalleled finishing aesthetics and
superb durability in hard-trowel applications. MasterFiber MAC 360 FF provides
excellent finishability plus the performance you would expect from a secondary
reinforcement fiber. For more info, visit: Master-Builders-Solutions.basf.us
SMOOTH SURFACE TEXTURE
ENHANCES POST-CRACK PERFORMANCE
EASIER TO PLACE AND FINISH
Master Builders Solutions is a registered trademark of BASF. © 2017 BASF Corporation. All rights reserved.
News
ACI Expands Mission to Focus on Global The Concrete Essentials Seminar Series will take place
Standards Adoption during the inaugural Big 5 Heavy show. Big 5 Heavy is
ACI’s mission has been expanded to reflect its proactive organized in five different sections: concrete, PMV Live,
approach to advocating the global adoption of ACI standards. roadworks, mining, and building materials manufacturing.
ACI has long focused its efforts on knowledge This show will be the only dedicated platform for
development and dissemination. Through this expanded professionals involved in large- and small-scale construction
mission, the Institute will now dedicate additional resources and demolition projects in the Middle East that require heavy
and effort to also advance the adoption of its consensus-based machinery, equipment, and concrete.
knowledge. The Institute’s expanded mission statement now Partnering with The Big 5 Heavy is one of the ways ACI is
reads: “ACI develops, disseminates, and advances the adoption establishing stronger relationships with organizations
of consensus-based knowledge on concrete and its uses.” internationally. ACI maintains its relationship with the
“The change to ACI’s mission reflects a transformational international concrete community through participation in
change to an active role in advancing the adoption of its international events, collaboration with its active and
concrete knowledge,” stated Ronald G. Burg, ACI Executive influential International Chapters and International Partners,
Vice President, American Concrete Institute. “While our and its Ambassador Speaker Program.
member experts will continue to use our consensus-based For more information on how to participate in the
process to develop standards based on new research, global Concrete Essentials Seminar Series and The Big 5 Heavy,
best practices, and innovative technologies, we are building a visit www.thebig5heavy.com.
new infrastructure that will increase global adoption of this
state-of-the art information.”
Recent efforts include partnering with the Saudi Arabia-
based Gulf Cooperation Council Standardization Organization
to develop a Gulf Building Code based on ACI’s Building
Code Requirements for Structural Concrete (ACI 318).
Similarly, ACI has been working with officials from Vietnam
to translate ACI 318 and other documents for use in the
country. The Institute also continues to work with the
International Code Council to ensure that concrete design and
concrete repair provisions are adequately referenced in the
International Building Code and International Existing
Building Code. Domestically, ACI continues its work with state
and local jurisdictions to reference the Institute’s standards.
ACI Partners with The Big 5 Heavy Show

ACI will host the Concrete Essentials Seminar Series at
The Big 5 Heavy show in Dubai, UAE, March 26-27, 2018.
The 2-day seminar series will give participants an in-depth
look into topics including concrete durability, repair, self-
consolidating concrete, and more. Additionally, the seminar
series will feature a three-part course on the ACI Building
Code Requirements for Structural Concrete.

News
Concrete and Materials, Anchorage Design, and Repair

Application Procedures. These programs and other ACI
educational resources, including certificate programs and
more than 170 on-demand courses and 450 web sessions,
can be accessed via the ACI University webpage
(www.ACIUniversity.com) or app (available at the App
Store for iOS devices).
ACI University is a global, online learning resource,
Morrison Nahlawi Rogers providing on-demand access to a wide range of topics on
concrete materials, design, and construction, appealing to
ACI Honors Staff with Distinguished Status everyone from testing technicians to practicing engineers.
ACI values its members. It also values its staff for their
commitment to excellence in serving those members. The ACI Sponsors NASA 3-D Printed Habitat
status of Distinguished staff is a recognition of that service. Challenge
Three ACI staff members were honored in 2017 as Phase 3 of the National Aeronautics and Space
Distinguished staff. They are: Administration’s (NASA) 3-D Printed Habitat Challenge is
•• Michael Morrison, ACI Manager, Certification Program now open. ACI is a sub-sponsor of the Challenge. The
Development; competition involves the building of a three-dimensional
•• Khaled Nahlawi, ACI Engineer; and (3-D) printed habitat for deep-space exploration and is
•• Vicki Rogers, ACI Event Planner. designed to advance the construction technology needed to
Distinguished staff thoroughly understand Institute create sustainable housing solutions for Earth and beyond.
business operations, culture, mission, vision, and departmental The event is led by NASA and Challenge Partner, Bradley
interdependences, and they act accordingly. Other notable University.
qualities of Distinguished staff members include the ability to The 3-D Printed Habitat Challenge comprises three phases.
solve complex problems and make decisions that impact Phase 1: Design Competition called on participants to develop
group and Institute operations. state-of-the-art architectural concepts and was completed in
“I’m very pleased to be able to recognize these exceptional 2015. Phase 2: Structural Member Competition focused on
ACI staff members,” stated Ronald G. Burg, ACI Executive manufacturing structural components and was completed in
Vice President. “Their expertise, understanding, and execution August 2017.
of ACI’s mission, along with the rest of ACI staff, aid in Phase 3: On-Site Habitat Competition challenges
fulfilling ACI’s vision of providing leadership to address the competitors to fabricate subscale habitats using indigenous
needs of a changing world.” materials, with or without mission-generated recyclables, and
offers a $2 million total prize purse. Phase 3 has five levels
Concrete Construction Certificate Program of competition. Interested teams may register through
ACI has launched a new certificate program available February 15, 2018.
through ACI University. The Fundamentals of Concrete ACI participated in the Phase 2 event in Peoria, IL. NASA
Construction certificate program covers the best practices and Challenge also exhibited at The ACI Concrete Convention
means and methods for concrete construction. This program is and Exposition in Detroit, MI, March 25-29, 2017, and
aimed at builders, site supervisors, construction managers, Anaheim, CA, October 15-19, 2017. Challenge sponsors
owner’s representatives, architects, and anyone who is include Bradley University, Caterpillar, Bechtel, and Brick &
interested in furthering their knowledge in the construction of Mortar Ventures.
concrete. A program certificate is awarded after completion of Visit www.bradley.edu/challenge for details, schedule,
the required courses (17 PDHs). and rules.
ACI certificate programs are designed to provide concrete
professionals with in-depth knowledge about topics in Kleinhans Named President and Chief
concrete materials, design, and/or construction by following a Executive Officer of CRSI
defined course of study. Once a course of study for a The selection committee of the Concrete Reinforcing Steel
certificate program has been completed, the participant can Institute (CRSI) named Danielle D. Kleinhans as the 12th
request to receive a certificate through ACI University. CRSI President and Chief Executive Officer effective
Other ACI certificate programs include Fundamentals of November 27, 2017. She will oversee daily operations as well

as steward the Institute through future
Elevation Issues?
advancements within the industry.
In 2011, Kleinhans began at CRSI as
a staff Structural/Bridge Engineer before
assuming the Managing Director role of
the Epoxy Interest Group (EIG). During
Correct Elevation
that time, she received the 2015 ACI
Young Member Award for Professional
Achievement. She was awarded “for
contributions to the design and use of
concrete in bridges, serving as a liaison
with concrete industry institutes, and
for her service on ACI technical
committees.” video: www.HRC-USA.com/HRC670
Kleinhans has 15 years of experience HRC 670 HeadLock™ can quickly solve the problem!
in structural engineering and bridge Eliminate standard hooks, field trim and snap on a
design. She began her career at Modjeski
and Masters, Inc., and she has held
HeadLock™ in seconds.
positions at National Steel Bridge
Alliance (NSBA) and CTLGroup. She Field Install T-Heads
received her bachelor’s degree in civil
engineering from the University of As Simple As:
Alaska-Fairbanks, and her master’s degree
and PhD in civil engineering from the
University of Missouri-Rolla. Kleinhans
is a licensed professional engineer.
1 - 2 - 3
Errata
In the article “Uncoupling Modulus
of Elasticity and Strength,” November
2017 issue, page 37, a clarification has
been added as follows:
•• “For example, the high compressive No Special Equipment Needed
strength specified for some elements Cut bar to Push HeadLock™ Torque bolt
in the Trump Tower was needed to desired onto bar until it until head
ensure that the MOE was about elevation bottoms out breaks off
6,200,000 psi (43 GPa)—far greater (1) (2) (3)
than the 4,000,000 psi (28 GPa)
value that is now routinely possible
with conventional mixtures.” HeadLock™ develops ultimate tensile
In the article “Evolution of ACI 562 strength and exceeds head bearing area
Code − Part 3,” April 2016 issue, the required by ACI 318 / ASTM A970 Class HA.
following corrections have been made:
•• On page 64 in equation R4.5.2a, Uo IAPMO-ES ER-177
®
should be Uc; and
•• On page 68 in Table 2, the Baseline σ www.hrc-usa.com
at β = 3.0 (col.) for the D/L of 8 1-800-HRC-6775 HEADED REINFORCEMENT CORP.
(row) should be 0.073 and not 0.73. Made in
the USA
The online archived versions of these WOC Booth # N2922
articles have been updated.

are the foundation of our success.
To provide additional exposure to ACI Sustaining Members, Concrete
International includes a 1/3-page member profile and a listing of all Sustaining
Member organizations. All Sustaining Members receive the 1/3-page profile
section on a rotating basis.
The American Society of Concrete

Advanced Construction Technology Lehigh Hanson Contractors (ASCC) is a nonprofit
Services Lithko Contracting, Inc. organization dedicated to enhancing
the capabilities of those who build
American Society of Concrete MAPEI with concrete, and to providing them
Contractors Meadow Burke Products LLC a unified voice in the construction
Ash Grove Cement Company industry. Members include concrete
W. R. Meadows, Inc. contracting firms, manufacturers,
Baker Concrete Construction, Inc. Metromont Corporation organizations, and others interested in
Barrier-1, Inc. the concrete industry such as architects,
Minova USA, Inc. engineers, specifiers, and distributors.
BASF Corporation Modern Technology Laboratories - MTL There are approximately 750
Bauman Landscape & Construction member companies in the United
Multiquip Inc. States and abroad. Specialty councils
Boral Resources Municipal Testing include the Decorative Concrete
Braun Intertec Corporation Council, the Safety & Risk Manage-
North S.Tarr Concrete Consulting PC ment Council, the Concrete Polishing
Cantera Concrete Company Oztec Industries, Inc. Council, and the Manufacturers
CHRYSO, Inc. Advisory Council.
Penetron International Ltd Membership in ASCC provides the
CTLGroup Portland Cement Association tools contractors need to make
Curecrete Distribution, Inc. informed, careful decisions, connect-
Precast/Prestressed Concrete Institute ing them to a nationwide network of
CRSI Saudi Building Code National peers, professionals, and experts.
Dayton Superior Corporation Member benefits include technical
Committee
and safety hotlines, position statements
Doka USA Ltd Seretta Construction Inc. on constructability issues, a compre-
Ductilcrete Slab Systems, LLC hensive safety program, contractor
Sika Corporation
peer groups, and national events.
The Euclid Chemical Co. Specialty Products Group, Inc.
Fibercon International, Inc. To learn more about ASCC, please
STRUCTURAL
visit their website at ascconline.org or
Full-Tilt Constructors, Inc. Structural Services, Inc. call +1.866.788.ASCC (2722).
Future Tech Consultants Tekna Chem
GCP Applied Technologies TWC Concrete Services LLC
Keystone Structural Concrete LLC Twining Concrete Insight
Kleinfelder Wacker Neuson
Kryton International Inc.
LafargeHolcim (US) Inc.
To learn more about our sustaining members, visit our website at www.concrete.org/sustainingmembers
Barrier One, Inc., “An Affiliate of Ductilcrete is now part of gcp Lithko Contracting, LLC, is one of
Concrete Moisture Solutions, Inc.”, applied technologies. the largest full-service concrete
have created, through its new laboratory contracting companies with a unique
and production facility in Winter Garden, local service model designed to keep
Florida, a complex, revolutionary, TIRED OF SUFFERING WITH co-workers close to home and support
advanced formula modification, career growth. Strong teams are built
CURLED JOINTS IN YOUR SLAB?
non-sodium silicate based Porosity to create exceptional customer service
Inhibiting Admixture (PIA) that in each of their towns which include:
produces a high strength, closed pore
structure concrete via the creation of OUR CLIENTS HAVE OVER
•• Preconstruction
(value add design assist)
an abundant quantity of Calcium 130 MILLION SQUARE FEET •• Foundations
Silicate Hydrate (C-S-H), through our OF DUCTILCRETE IN PLACE •• Slabs
Concrete Enhancement Technology THAT HAVE ELIMINATED •• Tilt Walls
(CET) process for all structural •• Structural
concrete uses to include, but not
ALMOST 2,000 MILES!!!
•• Super flat floors
limited to; roof decks, salt/marine
environments, interior and exterior
OF PROBLEM JOINTS.
•• Site Work
Lithko has grown from 1 location
slabs, roads, bridges, infrastructure in 1992 to 15+ locations. These
projects, structural retaining walls, SO WHAT HAS YOUR SLAB DESIGN “BURGs” (Business Unit Running
parking garages, tiltwall and high DONE FOR YOU LATELY??? Great) are strategically located
strength post tensioned slabs. throughout the United States, which
Barrier One Admixture promises to provides a solid footprint to service a
elevate concrete to an innovative, never large portion of the country. This
economically achieved position. The 650 E. ALGONQUIN ROAD SUITE 404 BURG model allows Lithko to
Barrier One Porosity Inhibiting SCHAUMBURG, IL 60173 224-828-5986 maintain strong local customer and
Admixture (PIA) System was developed CC@DUCTILCRETE.COM supplier relationships and provides
and continues its research and develop- WWW.DUCTILCRETE.COM significant career opportunities for
ment by individuals with decades of their co-workers.
experience in the floor covering Lithko’s comprehensive, in-depth
industry, a PhD Chemist, an architect, planning and highly precise execution
concrete chemistry experts, mix design make their local teams ideal partners
experts and is specifically designed to to deliver on customer expectations.
solve the annual, multi-billion-dollar
problem of new concrete slabs failing For more information about
to meet the flooring and roofing Lithko, visit their website at
industry mandated moisture vapor www.lithko.com.
emission guidelines that do not provide
associated warranties for moisture.
BOI Admix is the cubic yard
solution to a square foot problem.
Please contact Barrier One by

phone at +1.877.224.5850 or e-mail at
info@barrierone.com.
Knowledge to Practice:
SDC Technology Forum 43 to be held

in Arizona
The next Strategic Development Council (SDC) Technology
Forum is scheduled for March 1-2, 2018, at the McCormick in
Scottsdale, AZ. As with previous forums, Technology Forum 43
will be a technical conference that highlights innovative
technologies and research the SDC perceives as having positive
productivity or economic impacts on the concrete industry. This
iteration will feature the following technology showcases, each
with strong potential to improve and advance the industry:
•• GCP Applied Technologies, Inc., will describe the benefits
of control flow concrete;
•• Surface Tech LLC will show how its digital solutions—
built by experienced concrete contractors, commercial and McCord Hall at Arizona State University W.P. Carey School of
residential builders, and concrete suppliers—offer best Business was a nominee in the 2016 ACI Excellence in Concrete
practices when supplying and building with concrete; and Construction Awards
•• Smarter Building Systems LLC will demonstrate how
In addition, a tour of Arizona State University (ASU) in
using basalt fibers and reinforcing bar systems can
improve radiation containment structures. Tempe is planned. For the third consecutive year, U.S. News
The session will also include updates by Oak Ridge and World Report ranked ASU as the “most innovative
National Laboratory, Gate Precast, and the U.S. Army school” in the United States, for its groundbreaking initiatives,
Corps of Engineers on ongoing work in applications of partnerships, programs, and research. A member of the
three-dimensional (3-D) printing in the concrete industry. Arizona Chapter – ACI will lead off the tour with a presen
tation on local area points of interest and construction projects
Have an idea for research that will benefit the concrete of note.
industry or support an ACI document or code change? Technology Forum 43 will be preceded by Concrete 2029
Visit www.concreteresearchnetwork.org and fill out an Workshop 4, on Wednesday, February 28, 2018.
online concrete research need form. Visit www.concretesdc.org to reserve your hotel, register,
and learn more about Concrete 2029 and SDC Forum 43.
Global • Certificate programs and online webinars.

• Hundreds of on-demand courses
available 24/7 .
Online • Topics include concrete materials, design,

construction, and MORE.
Learning Resource
www.ACIUniversity.com

ACI Committee Document
Abstracts
The following ACI documents will soon be available: Abstract: This guide discusses the use of pumps for
transporting and placing concrete. Rigid and flexible pipelines,
“Guide to Placing Concrete by Pumping couplings and other accessories, and the various types of
Methods (ACI 304.2R-17)” concrete pumps are discussed. The importance of proportioning
Reported by ACI Committee 304, Measuring, Mixing, a pumpable concrete mixture is emphasized with reference to
Transporting, and Placing Concrete sources for further direction on its design. Evaluation of trial
Larry G. Leper, Chair; Hakim S. Abdelgader, David J. mixtures to ensure pumpability and strength is encouraged. A
Akers, Casimir J. Bognacki, David A. Burg, Manjit S. Chopra, discussion on the use of lightweight aggregates is of specific
Bernard J. Eckholdt III, J. Mitchell Engelstead, Michael R. importance. Methods to saturate these aggregates and provide
Gardner, Daniel J. Green, Neil R. Guptill, Terence C. Holland, a consistent moisture content are discussed.
Tarek S. Khan, Gary R. Mass, Larry W. Matejcek, Avi A. Mor,
Mike Murray, Dipak T. Parekh, James S. Pierce, Jorge L. “Guide to Use of Industry Foundation
Quiros Jr., Royce J. Rhoads, James M. Shilstone Jr., Boris Y. Classes in Exchange of Reinforcement
Stein, Samuel X. Yao, and Richard Yelton, Members; Thomas R. Models (ACI 131.2R-17)”
Clapp, Consulting Member. Reported by ACI Committee 131, Building Information
The committee gives special acknowledgment to associate member J. Modeling of Concrete Structures
Bury, Chair of the subcommittee that prepared this document, for his Christopher D. Brown, Chair; Allan P. Bommer, Secretary;
considerable contribution to its development. Mark Douglas Agee, Daniel D. Berend, Richard H. Birley,
ACI
CHAPTER LEADER
WEDNESDAY, JANUARY 24, 2018
6:00 PM – 9:00 PM
NETWORKING EVENT GORDON BIERSCH RESTAURANT
3987 PARADISE ROAD
COST: FREE RSVP: TOSHA.HOLDEN@CONCRETE.ORG LAS VEGAS, NV, USA

ACI Custom
Seminars
Daniel Bittrich, Brady G. Buckley, Barry B. Butler, Peter J. Bring ACI training and education
Carrato, Jeffrey N. Cochrane, James T. Davy, Charles M. expertise to your doorstep. Schedule
Eastman, Dennis J. Fontenot, Sidney Freedman, David A. a custom seminar for your employees,
Grundler Jr., Michael Gustafson, Michael G. Hernandez,
Harrison Rolfe Jennings, Julian Kang, William M. Klorman, customers, or members.
Andrew R. Lloyd, Ronald L. O’Kane, Andrew Pinneke,
Joseph C. Sanders, William J. Shebetka, Carl Taylor, John B.
Turner, and Peter Zdgiebloski, Members.
Special acknowledgment and thanks to D. Yang, Research Scientist at the
Digital Building Laboratory in the Georgia Institute of Technology, for
 Customized topics for
customers
his contributions to this guide.
Unlimited attendance
Abstract: This guide provides a protocol for the exchange
of data related to reinforcing steel between software  with no travel costs
applications. This guide presents a human-readable list of
reinforcing steel entities, attributes, property sets, and
relationships, with sufficient specificity so that the format and Attendees earn continuing
syntax for machine-readable exchanges based on Industry
Foundation Classes (IFC) can be employed, enhanced, or
 education credits
developed. This specific set of exchange requirements is
referred to as a model view definition (MVD). Material and Organizational and
geometric attributes, property sets, and relationships, both
required and optional, that address the majority of reinforced
concrete applications for buildings and nonbuilding structures
$ sustaining members
receive a seminar discount
are presented. This guide is intended to be used by building
information modeling (BIM) software developers to assist in
the development of consistent and accurate exchanges of
reinforcing steel information between applications.
“Report on Foundations for Dynamic

Equipment (ACI 351.3R-17)”
Reported by ACI Committee 351, Foundations for
Equipment and Machinery
Mukti L. Das,* Chair; Susan Isble,* Secretary; Omesh B.
Abhat,* William L. Bounds,* William D. Brant,* Michael M.
Chehab, Shu-Jin Fang,* Fred R. Goodwin, Ping Jiang, David
Kerins,* Hoan-Kee Kim, Robert R. McGlohn, Abbas Mokhtar-
Zadeh, Carl A. Nelson,* Richard O’Malley, Michael A. Paipal,
Ira W. Pearce, William E. Rushing Jr., Larry W. Schulze,*
Widianto,* F. Alan Wiley, Sheng-Chi Wu, and Curtis R. Visit www.concreteseminars.com
Yokoyama, Members; Navin N. Pandya, Shamsher Prakash,
and Robert L. Rowan Jr., Consulting Members.
for more info.
The committee would like to thank the following people for their
contribution to this report: H. Liu,* C. Coronado,* and X. Wang.*
*
Indicates members of the subcommittee who prepared the report.
Abstract: This report presents to industry practitioners the

various design criteria and methods and procedures of
analysis, design, and construction applied to foundations for
dynamic equipment.

On the
Move
in a variety of tasks and continue with her HR role. Trgovcich
has 4 years of experience in a wide range of projects,
including the Moscone Center Expansion, UC Berkeley
student housing, and a new UC San Francisco medical facility.
McCouch has over 17 years of structural engineering
experience and has worked on retail, government, schools,
adaptive reuse, and residential projects.
Gajda D’Ambrosia Poole Gate Precast Co. named ACI member

Venkatesh Seshappa as Engineering
John Gajda, FACI, and ACI members Matthew Manager in Kissimmee, FL. Seshappa
D’Ambrosia and Jonathan Poole have formed MJ2 has more than 30 years of design
Consulting, PLLC, to focus on solving complex problems for experience. Previously, he served as
clients in the concrete industry. Gajda, D’Ambrosia, and Director of Engineering, Research, and
Poole have extensive expertise in mass concrete planning and Development at Thermomass. He
analysis, construction troubleshooting, durability and service- received his bachelor’s degree in
life assessment, specialized concrete mixture development, Seshappa
engineering from the University of
and product development research. Mysore, India, and his master’s degree in
Gajda is Chair of ACI Subcommittee 301-H, Mass Concrete - civil engineering from the University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK.
Section 8; and a member of ACI Committees 207, Mass and Seshappa is a member of the Precast/Prestressed Concrete
Thermally Controlled Concrete; and 301, Specifications for Institute and ASTM International.
Structural Concrete. Gajda received his BS and MS in material
science engineering from Iowa State University, Ames, IA. Honors and Awards
D’Ambrosia is Chair of ACI Subcommittee 209-C, Models David Boyle, W. R. Meadows of Canada, was appointed
Applicability and Uncertainty; and serves on ACI Committees President of Construction Specification Canada (CSC). CSC is
209, Creep and Shrinkage in Concrete; 231, Properties of a nonprofit organization with chapters across Canada,
Concrete at Early Ages; 236, Material Science of Concrete; committed to delivering education, certification, publications,
237, Self-Consolidating Concrete; 329, Performance Criteria and professional networking opportunities for the design and
for Ready Mixed Concrete; 349, Concrete Nuclear Structures; construction community. A member of CSC since 2000, Boyle
and S803, Faculty Network Coordinating Committee. In obtained his Certified Technical Representative designation
addition, he serves as an Adjunct Professor at Northwestern 15 years ago. He has served as Director of the Grand Valley
University, Evanston, IL. D’Ambrosia received his BS in civil Chapter, and third, second, and first Vice President. His
engineering from the University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, and responsibilities include overseeing education courses,
his MS and PhD in civil engineering from the University of memberships, programs, and business.
Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL.
Poole is a member of ACI Committees 207, Mass and George K. Burke received the Deep Foundation Institute’s
Thermally Controlled Concrete; 228, Nondestructive Testing; (DFI) 2017 Distinguished Service Award. This award recognizes
301, Specifications for Structural Concrete; and 305, Hot individuals who have made exceptional contributions to the
Weather Concreting. Poole received his BS, MS, and PhD in advancement of the deep foundations industry. The award was
civil engineering from the University of Texas at Austin, presented at DFI’s 42nd Annual Conference on Deep
Austin, TX. He was co-recipient of the 2011 ACI Wason Foundations in New Orleans, LA, October 24-27, 2017. Burke
Medal for Materials Research. works part-time as the Senior Risk Manager at Hayward Baker
(HBI). Prior to semi-retiring in 2015, Burke worked for HBI in
Cary Kopczynski & Company (CKC) promoted Joel the corporate office in Odenton and Hanover, MA, for 30 years.
Kipple to Project Manager and Allison Tran to Executive Burke has been a long-standing member of DFI, ASCE, and
Assistant/HR Specialist, and hired Anthony Trgovcich and ADSC, and was an active member on DFI’s Soil Mixing
Candice McCouch, each as Project Manager/Senior Design Committee. He participates on the ASCE Grouting Committee
Engineer. Kipple has over 11 years of structural engineering and helped develop the first edition of the Jet Grouting Guidelines.
experience, ranging from single-family residences to urban Burke received his BS and MS degrees in civil (geotechnical)
towers. Tran will participate with the senior management team engineering from Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA.

Visit us at World of Concrete
Jan 23–26 | Las Vegas
Booth #N822
Do You Need Your New Concrete & Masonry

Products Readily Approved by Code Officials?
“As long as a product has an ICC-ES Evaluation Report, we’ll accept it.”
Alan Napoli, C.B.O.
Building Official - City of Gladstone, MO
Look no further than ICC-ES®

The leader in evaluating building products for code compliance to foster safe and sustainable
design and construction.
· ICC-ES Evaluation Reports are the most widely accepted and trusted in the nation.
· ICC-ES provides a one-stop shop for the evaluation, listing and now testing of innovative
building products through our newly formed cooperation with Innovation Research Labs, a
highly respected ISO 17025 accredited testing lab with over 50 years of experience.
· ICC-ES is a subsidiary of ICC®, the publisher of the IBC®, IRC®, IgCC® and other I-Codes®.
1-800-423-6587 ICC ¨
www.icc-es.org | es@icc-es.org
17-14800
Chapter
Reports
Central Texas Chapter – ACI Opens steps that the Illinois Chapter took to establish its building.
Certification Building With that information, the Central Texas Chapter – ACI
The Central Texas Chapter – ACI now has a dedicated Board decided on a budget and gave approval to establish a
headquarters building in Pflugerville, TX. “This has been a building location. A leasing agent was retained, and a location
long time coming for us, something that we have wanted to do was chosen after numerous meetings and site visits.
for many, many years,” said Bryan Angelo, Central Texas
Chapter – ACI Treasurer. “We had a desire to have a single
location for all testing and certifications, as in the past, we had
more than six testing locations per year, with the written and
performance portions of the examinations taking place at
different locations on the same day. As one can imagine, this
caused mass confusion and delays on exam day,” he said.
Each year, the chapter typically had four scheduled
Concrete Field Testing Technician – Grade I (FGI) exams in
the Austin area and four more exams in the Fort Hood/Killeen
area. When the written and performance portions were held at
separate locations, the chapter would rent a meeting space at a
local hotel for the written portion and hold the performance
portion at either a concrete plant or a testing laboratory. When
the written and performance exams were held at the same
location (for example, a concrete plant), tables and chairs
were rented the day before the exam and returned immediately
after the exam to avoid extra rental charges.
The journey to a new building began in June 2016, when a
proposal was brought to the Central Texas Chapter – ACI
Board of Directors. The Board approved the idea, and it was
decided that a location near Austin, TX, would be convenient
to all areas that the chapter services. Angelo reached out to
John Conn, ACI Director of Chapter Activities, to discuss
options. Conn recommended contacting Pete Stamatopoulos,
Director, Illinois Chapter – ACI, because that chapter was
the only one known to have its own building. Angelo and
Stamatopoulos then had a lengthy conversation regarding the
John Conn, ACI Director of Chapter Activities (right), presented ACI

President Awad’s letter of acknowledgment to Bryan and Amanda On October 27, 2017, the Central Texas Chapter – ACI held an
Angelo of the Central Texas Chapter – ACI Open House to commemorate its new facility

Chapter Reports
The chosen structure was still under construction when it ACI President Awad visits University of Miami
was leased, and this allowed the Chapter to modify the On November 1, 2017, ACI President Khaled Awad visited
building layout to match their needs. In addition to a lobby, the University of Miami (UM) as part of the inaugural events
restrooms, and a kitchen, the building comprises a 625 ft2 organized by the newly funded UM Student Chapter – ACI in
(58 m2) classroom that can accommodate up to 40 examinees, Miami, FL. Awad met with ACI student leaders to share his
a 145 ft2 office that contains the Chapter’s library and records, insights on the future of the Institute and the role that young
a 250 ft2 (23 m2) temperature-controlled laboratory area for engineers can play in the concrete construction industry. More
the Concrete Strength Testing Technician (Strength) and importantly, he listened to student’s thoughts on how ACI can
Aggregate Testing Technician (Aggregate) performance better engage students and young professionals.
exams, and a 1500 ft2 (140 m2) warehouse area for the FGI Awad met with J.P. Bardet, Dean of the College of
and Adhesive Anchor performance exams. Engineering, and visited the recently inaugurated Collaborative
The Chapter moved into its new headquarters on July 1, Laboratory and the Structure and Materials Laboratory.
2017, and has already successfully administered four FGI Following lunch with students, faculty, and South Florida
exams, one Strength exam, and one Aggregate exam. Chapter – ACI Board members, Awad led an interactive
“The experience has been very delightful. We appreciate presentation on how ACI can support the professional
the help from John and Pete. Their input weighed heavily on development of students, followed by a summary of advances in
the decisions that we made,” said Amanda Angelo, Central the concrete industry as learned from the Jeddah Tower project.
Texas Chapter – ACI President. “We feel that this move is a President Awad started his presentation by sharing how he
step in the direction that a lot of chapters should take. It first came across ACI and how he feels about ACI: “People
reduces the dependence on sponsoring companies, while still say they love ACI. What do they mean by that? They can’t go on
giving those companies opportunities to help the chapter. We a date with ACI! Well I love ACI because it makes me a better
feel that this move sets us apart from other organizations in person.” He also shared some of his observations on recent
the area and gives a single place for people to go,” she breakthroughs in the concrete industry, concluding: “concrete
concluded. The Central Texas Chapter – ACI thanks Martin is a versatile material, you can do anything with it today…”
Burgess with Austin Office Space, Inc., for his assistance in
helping make this dream a reality. CESA.UET Student Chapter – ACI Establishes
An Open House was held October 27, 2017. Conn presented Student Internship Program
the Chapter with a letter from ACI President Khaled Awad The CESA.UET Student Chapter – ACI at the UET Lahore
acknowledging the Chapter’s efforts. If any other Chapter is Narowal Campus is the second ACI student chapter in
interested in pursuing this step, the Central Texas Chapter – ACI Pakistan. The Chapter organized a student internship program
will be more than happy to discuss the process. during the summer of 2017, with an objective of providing
ACI President Khaled Awad visited the University of Miami Student Chapter – ACI

Chapter Reports
students with field knowledge during Pakistan to create internship effort, already providing internship
their studies. To meet this goal, the opportunities for students. The DG positions for university students at its
CESA.UET Student Chapter – ACI is Khan Cement Factory in Chakwal, organization.
building links with the industry in Punjab, Pakistan, is a leader in this The internship program is an
outstanding achievement by the student
chapter, as the program was begun just a
few months after the chapter’s
ACI Multi-User/
inauguration. The program demonstrates
that the Chapter is committed to
increasing these opportunities for
Multi-Site Solutions
students in civil engineering and other
departments within the university.
Iraq Chapter – ACI Represented

at International Forum
Hasan Al-Nawadi, Rutgers University,
was one of the presenters at the
International Forum during The ACI
Concrete Convention and Exposition –
Fall 2017. He began his presentation
with a discussion of the oldest known
building code in the world, the Code of
Hammurabi. King Hammurabi, who
reigned in Babylonia from about 1955
to 1913 B.C., is credited with codifying
282 statements regulating activities in
From a single title, to a custom selection, to ACI’s full ancient Iraq, Mesopotamia. Nearly
collection, the American Concrete Institute partners with one-half of the code deals with matters
leading distributors to provide access to the Institute’s of contract, construction, and
published content for multiple locations and/or multiple users. management—for example, establishing
the wages to be paid to an ox driver or a
surgeon. More importantly, the code
CUSTOMIZABLE COLLECTION contained a performance statement on
MULTIPLE USERS | MULTIPLE LOCATIONS structural safety. Article 229 in
Hammurabi’s code states: The builder
BUNDLE WITH OTHER PUBLISHERS has built a house for a man and his work
is not strong and if the house he has
built falls in and kills a householder, that
builder will face a harsh punishment.
Al-Nawadi also gave an update on
the activities of the Iraq Chapter – ACI
and its considerable progress in terms of
training courses, workshops, technician
certifications, and supporting students
and young professionals. He expressed
the Chapter’s appreciation of the
significant support and help from the
www.concrete.org ACI Chapter Activities Committee,
especially John Conn, ACI Director of
Chapter Activities.

Chapter Reports
Interns from the CESA.UET Student Chapter – ACI at DG Hasan Al-Nawadi and Surendra Manjrekar discussed chapter activities at the
Khan Cement Factory International Forum during the ACI Convention – Fall 2017
Activities of India Chapter – ACI Presented at more than 20 professional institutions internationally, and
International Forum ACI 2018-2019 President David Lange and Executive Vice
ACI Honorary Member Surendra Manjrekar presented President Ron Burg have committed to attend.
“Widespread Activities of India Chapter” at the International
Forum held during the ACI Convention in Anaheim, CA. He
noted that the India Chapter – ACI is strongly supporting ACI
Ci
President Khaled Awad’s objectives, one of them being to
increase “student participation in ACI through the expansion
of ACI Student Competitions beyond U.S. borders.” In recent
Read
months, the India Chapter has established four student
chapters located in the states of Gujarat, Maharashtra, and
Tamil Nadu, with approximately 100 students registered as
ACI student members. Soon after their inception, the student
Online
cover-to-cover
chapters established four centers to conduct an intercollegiate
concrete cube competition. More than 125 entries were
received from colleges in various states. These student
chapters also conducted essay competitions. These activities A flip-book version of the entire current issue
were mentored through the guidance of the India Chapter – of CI is available to ACI members by logging
ACI. The award ceremony for both competitions took place in at www.concreteinternational.com.
November 24, 2017, in Mumbai, with ACI President Awad
in attendance. Click “view the flipbook” on the magazine’s
The India Chapter – ACI organized an international home page.
conference on November 24-25, 2017 on “Repair,
Retrofitting, and Forensic Engineering of Built Structures,”
and ACI President Awad presented the conference keynote
presentation.
The ongoing R.N. Raikar Memorial International Conferences
have become popular internationally as landmark events.
Along with the third Gettu-Kodur Symposium, the next
conference will be held December 2018. It is expected the
program will feature over 200 papers coming from 50+
countries. So far, more than 90 expressions of interest to submit
papers have been received from international experts. As with
the past events, this conference will be connected with many
international journals. This conference will be supported by

SHEAR SHEAR FAÇADE
CONNECTION SYSTEMS MOUNTING TECHNOLOGY
REINFORCEMENT SYSTEMS CONNECTOR SYSTEMS CONNECTION SYSTEMS
Anchor Channels
“JORDAHL® anchor channels now

have an ICC Evaluation Report for
seismic zones A to F.“
Elisabeth Smith, Development Engineer
at JORDAHL
NEW
ICC-ES Evaluation Re
port
ESR-2854
JORDAHL® anchor channels for structural connections

For more than 100 years JORDAHL® anchor channels and T-bolts your project.
have guaranteed the reliable anchoring of loads to concrete. The JXA range of JORDAHL® toothed anchor channels also enables
Providing simple and fast installation, the JORDAHL system secure mechanical resistance to longitudianl gravity loads or seis-
provides easy location adjustment for structural concrete mic loads with reliable performance verified by ICC-ES Evaluation
connections without the time consuming hassle of welding or drill- Report ESR-2854. Design to applicable codes is easily achieved us-
ing. The JORDAHL range of JTA and JXA hot rolled channel profiles ing our innovative JORDAHL® EXPERT software. The software can be
provide high capacity and reduce in-built stresses allowing high downloaded for free from our website. Our team offers unequalled
dynamic load capability. This enables their ability to accommodate costomer service and engineering assistance. We would be pleased
both high and rapidly fluctuating loads over millions of cycles with- to offer support on a project basis, and look forward to working with
out metal fatigue. Just the sort of anchoring reliability needed for you.
DECON USA INC.

103 East Napa Street, Suite B
Sonoma, CA 95476
Tel (866) 332-6687
www.deconusa.com
2017 Concrete Society
Awards for Excellence in
Concrete
Queensferry Crossing selected as outright winner
T
he Concrete Society Awards for Excellence in Concrete incorporating the longest composite deck span. Its 210 m (689
were presented on November 16, 2017, at the ft) high towers comprise more than 165,000 m3 (215,800 yd3)
Grosvenor Hotel, Park Lane, London, UK. The judging of reinforced concrete. Construction included a 24-hour
panel comprised representatives from The Concrete Society, continuous underwater concrete placement of 17,000 m3
the Institution of Structural Engineers, the Institution of Civil (22,200 yd3) in the south tower caisson. Durability was a key
Engineers, and the Royal Institute of British Architects feature for the exposed concrete, the splash zones of the
(RIBA). towers, and the general marine exposure conditions.
For more information, visit www.concrete-awards.org. Care was taken to ensure that the design, materials,
uk/winners2017.asp. The 2017 Concrete Society Awards and construction methods resulted in a structure that
winners included: complements the visual surroundings, particularly the
older Forth crossing structures.
2017 Winner Nominated by Forth Crossing Bridge Constructors (FCBC).
The Queensferry Crossing, Forth Replacement Project credits: Transport Scotland, Owner; FCBC,
Crossing Principal Contract, Rosyth, Scotland Principal Contractor; Forth Crossing Design JV, Contractor’s
The Queensferry Crossing, Forth Replacement Crossing, is Designer; Jacobs Arup JV, Client’s Advisor; and Cleveland
the world’s longest three-tower cable-stayed bridge, Bridge Engineering, Specialist Subcontractor.
The Queensferry Crossing

Broadmoor Hospital
London Bridge Station

Highly Commended London Bridge Station Redevelopment Scheme,
Broadmoor Hospital Redevelopment, Berkshire, London, England
England As part of the £1 billion transformation of London’s
This hospital incorporated a hybrid design for three new oldest train station, concrete was used in 15 platforms
ward buildings and entrance and administration buildings. and 21 concourse columns and crossheads, showcasing
More than 6150 precast concrete components—many concrete’s crucial role in structurally resist twisting
complexly shaped—were produced by eight plants and moments from train movements above. The aesthetic
combined on site with cast-in-place reinforced concrete. The surface finish in this public space was achieved by
successful outcome relied on off-site manufacture to an using self-consolidating concrete. To ensure a durable
exacting specification. Using the design for manufacture and and high-quality finish, the steel formwork was
assembly concept and building information modeling ensured positioned around the column reinforcement so that
tight tolerances, high-quality finishes, and rapid construction. spacers were not required. Also, the reinforcement for
The buildings were built to serve a life cycle of 75+ years. the crossheads was hung from above so that spacers were not
Nominated by PCE Limited. needed. Before each of the six stages of column casting, a
Project credits: West London Mental Health Trust, full-size column was cast and then demolished, to check that
Owner; Gilling Dod, Architect; Kier Major Projects, Main the concrete was consistent with previous placements.
Contractor; WSP, Consulting Engineer; PCE Limited, Nominated by Costain.
Specialist Subcontractor; Curtins Consulting, Precast Project credits: Network Rail, Owner; Grimshaw
Superstructure Designer; Bison Manufacturing, Techrete Architects, Architect; Hyder WSP, Lead Designer;
Ireland, Banagher Precast Concrete, FP McCann, Prefaxis, Costain, Main Contractor; Tarmac, Concrete
and SWP Concrete Solutions, Precast Suppliers; and Peikko Supplier; and Formfab UK and Grey Matter,
(UK), Specialist Supplier. Specialist Subcontractors.
FREE Education Resources

Online Education Presentations Documents
Browse from a large selection of recorded Visit the ACI Store at www.concrete.org/store and
presentations from ACI Conventions and other download free documents from ACI’s Educational
concrete industry events available for viewing Committees.
online.
These documents,
Presentations are www.concrete.org/education available in digital
also available on editions, cover:
ACI’s YouTube
Concrete Channel • Materials
• Design examples for
concrete structures
• Repair application
procedure
www.ACIUniversity.com
Milford-on-Sea Beach Huts, Hampshire, England extension mimics the strong vertical lines using precast fins,
Concrete was used to replace 119 storm-ravaged timber breaking up the glass cladding. The reconfigured atrium and
beach huts in an exposed coastal location. Designing with entrance brings architectural balance, combining old and new.
inverted standard “C” culvert units allowed for significant Nominated by Penoyre & Prasad.
enhancements to the traditional seafront beach hut, as the Project credits: University of Kent, Owner; Penoyre & Prasad,
units provide a rooftop promenade and have graphic printed Architect and Lead Designer; Price and Myers, Structural
concrete and intricate relief artwork surfaces. These modern Engineer; Rider Levett Bucknall, Project Manager; Decomo,
beach huts are also designed to withstand a 1-in-200-year Precast Supplier; and AD Bly, Concrete Frame Subcontractor.
storm. The brush-finished, site-cast walkways were well
executed with crisp even lines, and there was no visual V&A Museum of Design, Dundee, Scotland
damage to the precast from lifting and installation. This concrete landmark is structured to resemble a section of
Nominated by New Forest District Council. Scottish cliffs and a ship by the bank of the River Tay. The
Project credits: New Forest District Council, Owner; Snug construction logistics included creating demanding curves and
Architects, Architect; Ramboll, Structural Engineer; Knights overhanging walls of varying thickness. The key challenges
Brown, Main Contractor; Moore Concrete, Precast Supplier; included a special concrete mixture design, complex building
and Graphic Concrete and Reckli, Specialist Subcontractors. geometry, and accuracy in setting out the temporary works. The
whole building had to support heavy precast elements hung on all
The Templeman Library, University of Kent, surfaces of the finished structure. This is the first building as part of
Canterbury, England, the riverbank development and unlike any of the older buildings.
The design for the library unifies the new extension and The intent is for it to be different rather than harmoniously
refurbishment of the existing Brutalist building to create a flexible blending into the locality.
working space with abundant natural light. The existing building Nominated by Carey Group.
was constructed in phases over the past 50 years, and it included Project credits: Dundee City Council, Owner; Kengo
massive brick piers as well as some exposed board-marked Kuma & Associates, Architect; Arup, Structural Engineer;
finishes. A collaborative design process enabled optimization of BAM, Main Contractor; Bjourn Bigley and Carey Group,
materials and a rapid construction process to showcase the honest Specialist Subcontractors; Breedon Group, Concrete Supplier;
nature of an exposed in-place concrete interior and an aesthetically Turner & Townsend, Project Manager; Alan White Design,
refined precast façade of the new extension. Externally, the Temporary Work Design; and Peri, Formwork.
Milford-on-Sea Beach Huts

The Templeman Library, University of Kent
(photo courtesy of Tim Crocker)
V&A Museum of Design (photo courtesy of Ross

Fraser McLean)

Concrete Essentials
Seminar Series
Presented by the American Concrete Institute
March 26-27, 2018, Dubai, UAE

Held during The Big 5 Heavy
The American Concrete Institute will host the Concrete Essentials

Seminar Series at The Big 5 Heavy show in Dubai, UAE, March 26-27, 2018.
The 2-day seminar series will give participants an in-depth look
into topics including concrete durability, repair, self-consolidating
concrete, and more. Additionally, the seminar series will feature a
three-part course on the ACI Building Code Requirements for
Structural Concrete which—under a recently signed agreement with
the Gulf Cooperation Council Standardization Organization—will be
used to develop a Gulf Building Code.
For more information on how to participate in the

Concrete Essentials Seminar Series and The Big 5
Heavy, visit www.thebig5heavy.com.
Racing Towards a Green
Future
Construction and performance of a concrete toboggan made with self-consolidating
magnesium silicate concrete
by Allan Scott, Jacob Carlos, Jon Remacka, Stephanie Paitich, and Neil Hoult
T
here is increasing concern about the impact of Great Northern Concrete Toboggan Race
humankind’s activities on the environment. Within the The GNCTR is a competition among engineering students
concrete industry, major efforts are being focused on from colleges and universities across Canada and the United
reduction of greenhouse gas emissions through the States. The event started in 19756 and is Canada’s frozen
development of alternative cementitious binders, including equivalent of the American Society of Civil Engineers
those that use magnesia (MgO) as one of the primary reactive (ASCE) National Concrete Canoe Competition. In 2017, the
components. Magnesia is generally produced either from event was held in Winnipeg, MB, with 21 teams, including
seawater1 or more commonly from the calcination of one from the United States, competing for awards. In addition
magnesite (MgCO3).2 Compared to the production of portland to striving to be overall champion, teams competed in
cement, the calcination of magnesite to produce reactive categories such as most sustainable, best concrete mixture
magnesia occurs at lower temperatures and uses less energy, design, and fastest toboggan.
resulting in lower overall emissions of carbon dioxide (CO2). The objective of the competition is to build a toboggan that
Different magnesia-based cements include magnesium weighs no more than 159 kg (350 lb) and can accommodate
phosphate cements, magnesium oxychloride (Sorel) cements, five riders. The technical requirements for the toboggan
magnesium oxysulfate cements, and magnesium silicate include a braking and steering system, protection against
hydrate cements, each with various advantages and rollover, and a running surface in contact with the snow
limitations.3 Sorel cements, for instance, were first produced comprised entirely of concrete.
over 150 years ago and have been used in such diverse The team from Queen’s University, Kingston, ON,
applications as flooring for ships, grinding wheels, and billiard included engineering students from mechanical and civil
balls.3 However, the poor water resistance of the Sorel and engineering programs. The mechanical engineering students
magnesium oxysulfate cements is one of the major limitations were responsible for the design and construction of the
preventing more widespread use. toboggan framework, as shown in Fig. 1, in addition to the
Magnesium silicate binders first started to gain attention steering and braking systems. The civil engineering students
for possible application as construction materials in China in were tasked with developing and casting a sustainable,
the mid-2000s. The binder was produced by combining environmentally friendly concrete mixture for the runners as
magnesia with a microsilica, and it provided 28-day concrete well as designing the reinforcement for the runners.
strengths of almost 60 MPa (8700 psi).4 More recently,
mortars produced with a binder combination of magnesia, Self-Consolidating Magnesium Silicate Concrete
silica fume, and a small percentage of fine quartz filler have An environmentally friendly low-carbon concrete based on
achieved 28-day strengths of 87 MPa (12,620 psi).5 Despite the magnesium silica system was chosen for the concrete
the increasing interest and research into magnesium silicate runners used in the toboggan. Because the runners needed a
binders, there are few, if any, references to use of the material smooth, low-friction surface, a self-consolidating concrete
outside the laboratory. We believe the first in-service (SCC) mixture was developed to ensure a good finish. Two
application of a self-consolidating magnesium silicate types of silica (silica fume and Class C fly ash) were initially
concrete was the construction of a concrete racing toboggan, evaluated in combination with light burn magnesia. While a
which went on to win the 2017 Great Northern Concrete Class F fly ash would have been preferable, to minimize any
Toboggan Race (GNCTR). This article discusses that project. potential reactions of the CaO component of the fly ash, only

Class C fly ash was available at the time the trials were
conducted. The two magnesia-silica mixtures—SF50 (50%
magnesia and 50% silica fume) and FA50 (50% magnesia and
50% fly ash)—were compared with a general purpose (GP)
portland cement control mixture. The details of the mixture
designs are provided in Table 1. A natural sand with a fineness
modulus of 2.8 was used in combination with a locally
available rounded aggregate with a maximum nominal size of
10 mm (0.4 in.). A water-binder ratio (w/b) of 0.4 was also
used for all the mixtures.
Fig. 1: The toboggan framework was designed to safely carry five riders
Batches were produced in a 20 L (0.7 ft3) pan mixer under
laboratory conditions of approximately 20°C (68°F). A T500
Table 1: and slump flow test were conducted on the fresh concrete
Mixture designs for the concrete runners prior to casting specimens in plastic 100 x 200 mm (4 x 8 in.)
Mixture proportions, kg/m3 (lb/yd3) cylinder molds. The concrete specimens were demolded after
Material type SF50 FA50 GP 1 day and stored in a fog room at 95% relative humidity and
20°C (68°F) until they were evaluated at 7 and 28 days for
GP cement — — 500 (843)
compressive strength.
MgO 250 (421) 250 (421) — Figure 2 shows the SCC GP control mixture after the
Silica fume 250 (421) — — slump flow test. Both the GP and FA50 mixtures achieved
Fly ash — 250 (421) —
spreads of about 550 mm (22 in.) with T500 times of 1.4 and
2.7 seconds, respectively. The SF50 mixture was somewhat
Water 200 (337) 200 (337) 200 (337)
less flowable than either the GP or FA50 mixtures and
Coarse achieved a maximum spread of 525 mm (21 in.) after 41
aggregate 850 (1433) 850 (1433) 850 (1433) seconds. Because the SF mixtures already had superplasticizer
Sand 790 (1332) 790 (1332) 790 (1332) (SP) doses exceeding 6% of the binder, no further SP was
SP (% binder)
*
6.4 1.7 0.9 added. The slump flow values measured using the reported
*
Superplasticizer (high-range water-reducing admixture) mixture design were at the lower end of the range of values
given for slump flow class 1 (SF1), which is suitable for
lightly reinforced elements filled from the top.7 Despite the
lower slump flow, the SF mixture was still workable and able
to fill the molds. All of the mixtures had good resistance to
segregation, similar to the GP mixture shown in Fig. 2.
Figure 3 shows the compressive and tensile strength
development over time for the three mixtures. The magnesium
silica mixtures gained strength more slowly than the GP
Fig. 2: Slump flow of the self- control. At 7 days, the highest compressive strength for either
consolidating GP control mixture of the magnesium silica mixtures (SF50) was less than 40% of
35 3.5
30 3.0
25 2.5
Strength, MPa
Strength, MPa
20 2.0
15 1.5
10 1.0
GP GP
5 SF50 0.5 SF50
FA50 FA50
0 0
0 7 14 21 28 0 7 14 21 28
(b)
(a) Age, days Age, days
Fig. 3: Test results up to 28 days: (a) compressive strength; and (b) tensile strength (Note: 1 MPa = 145 psi)

the GP control. By 28 days, however, the SF50 mixture had 18
achieved compressive strengths comparable to that of the
control, while the fly ash-based magnesium silica mixture 16
strength was still approximately half that of the control. The
tensile strength showed a similar trend to that of the
Porosity, %
14
compressive strength, with substantially lower early-age
strengths for the magnesium silica mixtures compared to the
12
GP control.
One of the major differences in the performance between
the GP and magnesium silica system was the porosity of the 10
hardened concrete. The porosity of the concrete samples was
determined based on ASTM C642, “Standard Test Method for 8
Density, Absorption, and Voids in Hardened Concrete,” but GP SF50 FA50
using vacuum saturation technique. The GP control samples Fig. 4: Porosity of concrete samples after 7 days
had an average 7-day porosity of 11% compared to
approximately 16% for SF50 and FA50 mixtures (Fig. 4). The used in practice, further investigations are required to
increase in hydration from 7 to 28 days only resulted in a improve both the particle packing and fresh properties of the
slight reduction in the measured porosity. The increase in mixtures and thus reduce the overall porosity of the concrete.
porosity of the magnesium silica mixtures compared to the GP Vibration of the cylinders might also have reduced the
control may be partially responsible for the lower measured porosity of the magnesium silica concretes, particularly for
compressive strengths. A 5% increase in porosity, for instance, the SF50 mixture, which had a high viscosity as indicated by
would be expected to reduce the compressive strength by the T500 time of 41 seconds. However, no additional vibration
approximately 25%. Before magnesium silica mixtures can be was provided for the concrete in this investigation.
ACI PHYSICAL TESTING

OF CEMENT TRAINING VIDEO (EDPTCT13)
To supplement on-the-job training, ACI has developed the ACI Physical Testing of
Cement Training Video as a resource for new testers and a refresher for experienced
testers. The following tests are included:
ASTM C109 – Compressive Strength ASTM C191 – Vicat Time of Setting

ASTM C151 – Autoclave Expansion ASTM C204 – Blaine Fineness
ASTM C185 – Air Content ASTM C266 – Gillmore Time of Setting
ASTM C187 – Normal Consistency ASTM C1437 – Flow of Mortar
Additionally, the video includes a review of safety, equipment, and the laboratory
environment. Each chapter reviews the equipment specific to the ASTM test, the test
procedure to follow, and the calculation of the result. Helpful tips are provided throughout
to improve the technicians’ knowledge and technique.
Check out a preview clip on YouTube; search for “ACI testing cement training
preview.“
Details can be found at

www.concrete.org; search the
bookstore for “EDPTCT13.“

Based on a comparison of the results of the magnesium fixed to the sides of the rear runners to add strength. The use
silica and GP control concretes, the SF50 mixture was of the three different types of reinforcement resulted in
selected for construction of the toboggan runners. The SF50 overdesigned but very durable concrete runners. The concrete
mixture had the highest strength of the magnesium silica runners performed well during the race, without any observed
mixtures, with results comparable to the GP control. While the cracking or deterioration.
SF50 mixture also had the lowest slump flow and highest
viscosity, it satisfied the minimum criteria for casting the Race Results
relatively open concrete runners with minimal internal The 2017 GNCTR was a tremendous success, with many
reinforcement. A cross section of the hardened SF50 concrete innovative and well-designed concrete toboggans competing
sample is shown in Fig. 5. in the event. The Queen’s team, shown in Fig. 7, won the
overall championship as well as the award for Most
Concrete Toboggan Runners Sustainable Toboggan. The University of Western Ontario,
Stainless steel attachments (Fig. 6) were cast into the London, ON, and the University of Calgary, Calgary, AB,
concrete runners to provide the connection to the toboggan finished second and third, respectively, in the overall
frame. The runners are meant to withstand significant loading championship. The fastest run at the competition was recorded
while the toboggan is traveling at speeds of up to 70 km/h by the entry from the Southern Alberta Institute of
(43 mph). Due to concerns about the potential for flexural or Technology, Calgary, AB.
shear failure of the runners if the toboggan encountered any
significant bumps on the course, tensile reinforcement was Summary
added. A self-consolidating magnesium silica concrete was
To minimize the overall weight of the toboggan and to developed, tested, and ultimately used to produce the runners
keep with the desire to explore a range of less traditional and for a concrete racing toboggan that competed in the 2017
potentially more environmentally friendly materials, basalt GNCTR. The results from the investigation are summarized as
fiber-reinforced polymer (BFRP) rods were chosen to provide follows:
the main reinforcement. The BFRP rods were 5 mm (0.2 in.) •• The self-consolidating nature of the developed mixture
diameter and were sand coated by the producer to enhance allowed for ease of placement and resulted in a smooth,
bond. The rods were placed at a depth of 19 mm (0.75 in.) high-quality surface finish;
from the contact surface of the runner. In addition, a glass •• The magnesia-silica fume concrete mixture achieved a
fiber-reinforced polymer (GFRP) wrap was bonded to the top 28-day compressive strength of 26 MPa (3770 psi), which
and side surfaces of the runners, and carbon fiber plates were was comparable to the GP control mixture;
•• One of the primary limitations of the magnesium silica
mixtures was related to the relatively high porosity
compared to the control mixture. Further investigation of
the fresh properties will be necessary to improve the
overall performance of the mixtures; and
•• The ability of the runners to withstand the demanding
loading and environmental conditions imposed by the race
demonstrate the potential for magnesium silica concretes to
Fig. 5: Cross section of
a 28-day SF50 concrete
be used in other structural applications.
cylinder
(a) (b)
Fig. 6: Concrete runners: (a) formwork and stainless steel attachments; and (b) finished runners (without external GFRP wrap)

ACI member Allan Scott is a Senior
Lecturer in civil engineering at the
University of Canterbury, Christchurch,
New Zealand. His primary research
interests include the development
of sustainable construction materials
(magnesium silicate binder systems),
assessment of the residual capacity
of corroded and seismically damaged
Fig. 7: Concrete toboggan racing team from Queen’s University, reinforced concrete structures, and the marine performance of
Kingston, ON reinforced concrete structures.
Acknowledgments Jacob Carlos is a graduate student in the

The authors gratefully acknowledge the tremendous efforts of the Department of Civil and Environmental
2017 GNCTR organizers. We also thank and acknowledge the winning Engineering, University of Waterloo,
efforts of the Queen’s University concrete toboggan team: Zoe Melo, Waterloo, ON, Canada. His area of
Elise Hewat, Tim Rosborough, Josh Treitz, Jeffrey Russell, Rémy study is hydrogeology. He has worked
Kennedy-Kuiper, Danny Greenberg, Matan Freedman, Billie Kearns, on research in biofuels, sustainable
Rachel Janetos, Gabrielle Hinch, Emma Nagle, Jared Salmond, Nicholas materials, and wastewater treatment.
Gazzola, Miah Kortekaas, Tyler Monteith, Tommy Fox, Josh Simmons, Carlos received his undergraduate
Kodie Becker, Ben Maxwell, William Midkiff, Laura Goetz, Brandon degree in civil engineering from Queen’s
Tseung, Eric Whyte, Lavie Freedman, Sebastian Howe, Scott Corley, University, Kingston, ON, Canada.
Randy Trinh, Leah Petersen, Katie Cass, Lukas Wolf, Holly Gunn, James
Carlos, Erik Sauer, Jakob Smeda, Drew Branson, and Brooke Huleatt. Jon Remacka is an Instrumentation
We are grateful for the help provided by Paul Thrasher and Jaime Engineer in British Columbia, focusing on
Escobar, technical support staff members at Queen’s University. Lastly, structural health monitoring. He received
we thank Mike Thomas and Andrew Fahim from the University of New his undergraduate degree in civil
Brunswick, Fredericton, NB, for their assistance in material analysis. engineering from Queen’s University,
Kingston, ON, Canada.
References
1. Bhatti, A.S.; Dollimore, D.; and Dyer, A., “Magnesia from Seawater:
A Review,” Clay Minerals, V. 19, No. 5, Dec. 1984, pp. 865-875.
2. Birchal, V.S.S.; Rocha, S.D.F.; and Ciminelli, V.S.T., “The Effect
of Magnesite Calcination Conditions on Magnesia Hydration,” Minerals Stephanie Paitich is a recent Queen’s
Engineering, V. 13, No. 14-15, Dec. 2000, pp. 1629-1633. University civil engineering graduate.
3. Walling, S.A., and Provis, J.L., “Magnesia-Based Cements: A She was the captain of the Queen’s
Journey of 150 Years, and Cements for the Future?” Chemical Reviews, Concrete Toboggan Team and was
V. 116, No. 7, Mar. 2016, pp. 4170-4204. heavily involved in Engineers Without
4. Wei, J.; Chen, Y.; and Li, Y., “The Reaction Mechanism between Borders. She is currently spending
MgO and Microsilica at Room Temperature,” Journal of Wuhan her time traveling in Southern Africa,
University of Technology, V. 21, No. 2, June 2006, pp. 88-91. volunteering with children in sports and
5. Tran, H.M., and Scott, A., “Strength and Workability of health education.
Magnesium Silicate Hydrate Binder Systems,” Construction and
Building Materials, V. 131, Jan. 2017, pp. 526-535. ACI member Neil Hoult is an Associate
6. “Join the Great Northern Concrete Toboggan Race,” Concrete Professor of civil engineering at Queen’s
International, V. 35, No. 9, Sept. 2013, p. 24. University and the Faculty Advisor to
7. “The European Guidelines for Self-Compacting Concrete: the Queen’s Concrete Toboggan Design
Specification, Production and Use,” Self-Compacting Concrete European Team. His research interests include
Project Group, May 2005, 63 pp. the development of novel technologies
for structural monitoring, the behavior
Note: Additional information on the ASTM standards discussed in this of deteriorated infrastructure, and the
article can be found at www.astm.org. performance of reinforced concrete
structures.
Selected for reader interest by the editors.

Field Application of
Nonproprietary Ultra-High-
Performance Concrete
Experiences gained and lessons learned
by Sherif El-Tawil, Yuh-Shiou Tai, and John A. Belcher II
U
ltra-high-performance concrete (UHPC) achieves a Researchers at the University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI,
compressive strength of at least 150 MPa (21,700 psi) developed a family of nonproprietary UHPC mixtures1,2 that
and it has self-consolidating properties. UHPC can be made from off-the-shelf products and do not require
comprises component materials with particle sizes and onerous placement or special curing processes. The resulting
distributions carefully selected to maximize packing density1,2 material has similar performance characteristics but is
(constituent particles arranged as compactly as possible), substantially less expensive than proprietary UHPC mixtures.
which is the reason for the extremely high mechanical and This article describes experience gained with a nonproprietary
durability properties of the material. Another key feature of UHPC mixture optimized for field applications.
UHPC is that it is reinforced with a small percentage by
volume (typically 1 to 2%) of short steel fibers, which enhance Development of Nonproprietary UHPC
the material’s tensile behavior and energy dissipation.3,4 Mixtures
The Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) and Component selection
multiple state Departments of Transportation (DOTs) have The nonproprietary UHPC mixture was produced using
exhibited strong interest in UHPC and its application in Type I ordinary portland cement (OPC), ground-granulated
bridges. For example, the third round of the Every Day Counts blast-furnace slag (GGBS or slag cement), silica fume, two
(EDC-3) report included a chapter on UHPC connections for types of silica sand, and short steel fibers. To ensure
prefabricated bridge elements.5 The fourth round of the workability, a high-range water-reducing admixture (HRWRA
program, EDC-4, is also expected to include that general topic. or superplasticizer) was used. Optimum packing density of the
The use of UHPC as a field-cast material is not new, but particles was based on the material gradations as discussed in
most experience in Europe and the United States has been previous studies.1,2 Four variants of the mixtures described in
gained with proprietary materials,6 particularly for field-cast References 1 and 2 were considered good candidates for field
connections as outlined in Reference 7. A common thread in application. The experimental variables were the amount of
UHPC applications is that the required volume of material is HRWRA and fiber length. The mixture proportions by weight
not large, primarily because proprietary UHPC is expensive. are shown in Table 1.
UHPC must be purchased from specific suppliers, and the White Type I portland cement was used in the initial
contractors that work with it must be specially trained, development of UHPC3 due to its low tricalcium aluminate
certified, and supervised, further increasing the unit cost. In a (C3A) content and high combined content of di- and tricalcium
2016 Michigan Department of Transportation (MDOT) silicate (C2S and C3S), resulting in exceptional performance in
project that required 8 yd3 (6 m3) of UHPC, the unit cost for the fresh and hardened states. However, white cement is
the proprietary UHPC material was estimated at $2500/yd3 expensive (currently, about $275/ton). Research in References 1
($3300/m3). Another $3700/yd3 ($5000/m3) was spent on the and 2 has shown that Type I OPC, which is much cheaper (at
specialized construction and technical services required by the $150/ton), can be successfully used. In general, the selected
supplier, although this cost is expected to drop substantially as cement must have a C3A content lower than 8% and a relatively
the quantity of material increases and more experience is low Blaine fineness to reduce water demand during hydration.
gained with the product. Many suppliers in the United States can meet this requirement.

Table 1:
Mixture proportions by weight (portland cement + slag cement = 1.0)
Silica sand Steel fiber
Type I Slag Silica HRWRA 13 mm 19 mm
Mixture No. Water OPC cement fume Sand A Sand B length length
1 0.02 1.21 — 0.20
2 0.02 1.21 0.20 —
0.22 0.5 0.5 0.25 0.30
3 0.03 1.21 0.20 —
4 0.035 1.20 0.20 —
Note: 1 mm = 0.04 in.
Silica fume is a by-product of the manufacture of silicon then added to the mixture and dry-mixed for another 5
alloys. Its superfine spherical particles and pozzolanic minutes. Next, water and HRWRA were separately mixed
reactivity densify the microstructure and significantly improve together and the mixture was added gradually to the dry
the compressive strength of UHPC. The median particle size materials. Premixing the HRWRA and water aided in a more
is in the range of 0.1 to 10 μm. Silica fume with a lower uniform distribution of the HRWRA in the batch. The UHPC
carbon content is preferred because it decreases the water mixture showed appropriate workability (turnover)
demand while promoting high flowability. approximately 5 to 7 minutes after the addition of water and
Eliminating the coarse aggregate promotes high HRWRA. Once an adequate mixture consistency was
compressive strength. Instead of coarse aggregate, two types achieved, the steel fibers were added into the mixer and
of quartz silica sand were used, with grain sizes of 70 to 200 allowed to mix at 60 rpm until they were well dispersed.
μm and 400 to 800 μm. These grain sizes were optimized to
enhance packing density.
Unlike regular concrete, UHPC comprises a lot of cement,
which increases costs and has environmental and ecological
burdens. It also has a negative impact on the heat of hydration,
which can lead to shrinkage problems. Therefore, slag cement
was added to make the mixtures more environmentally
friendly (because GGBS is a by-product of the steelmaking
industry). Slag cement is a beneficial mineral admixture for
concrete because of its pozzolanic properties and its positive
influence on the durability of concrete.8
A polycarboxylate-based HRWRA was also used in the
UHPC mixtures. In the previous study, 1.35% of HRWRA by
weight of cement was used.1 However, because of its Career
sensitivity to the composition of silica fume (especially
carbon content) and the activity of cement, larger dosages
were explored in this study to ensure suitable workability for
Center
field applications. Hence, three dosages of HRWRA were
considered. The most effective dosage was selected based on
optimal combinations of turnover time measured after the
addition of water and HRWRA, the spread (as explained Hiring the right people for
next), and compressive strength. Lastly, fibers with high yield the right jobs has never
strength (2000 MPa [290,000 psi]) were selected. The fiber
lengths were 19 mm (0.75 in.) in Mixture 1 and 13 mm (0.50 in.) been easier.
in the remaining three mixtures. The volume fraction of fibers
was 2% in all mixtures.
Find the right candidate. Save money.
Save time. The ACI Career Center is the
Laboratory trial batches right solution for your hiring needs.
Laboratory mixing was done using a Hobart-type
Follow @ACICareerCenter to learn more.
laboratory mixer according to the procedure described in
Reference 3. First, the silica sand and silica fume were
dry-mixed for about 5 minutes. Cement and slag cement were www.concrete.org/careercenter
Table 2:
Mechanical properties of laboratory and field batches
Compressive strength, MPa (psi) Tensile
Mixture no. Spread, strength, MPa Strain at peak
or ID mm (in.) 7-day 14-day 28-day 56-day (psi) tensile stress, %
1 214 (8.4) 121.3 (17,600) 149.1 (21,600) 175.7 (25,500) 196.2 (28,500) 12.9 (1900) 0.41
2 215 (8.5) 118.2 (17,100) 147.8 (21,400) 169.2 (24,500) 187.4 (27,200) 11.1 (1600) 0.17
3 235 (9.3) 118.8 (17,200) 143.5 (20,800) 159.0 (23,100) 176.4 (25,600) 9.5 (1400) 0.18
4 238 (9.4) 113.4 (16,500) 137.1 (19,900) 151.9 (22,100) —* 9.6 (1400) 0.14
Field 238 (9.4) 108.9 (15,800) 127.0 (18,400) 148.1 (21,500) —* 8.3 (1200) 0.13
*
Specimens not tested. Not enough were made due to an oversight
After mixing was completed, the rheology of the UHPC Field Application of UHPC
mixture was assessed by measuring spread. The spread test The bridge repair project was located on Kilgore Road over
method was based on ASTM C1437, “Standard Test the Pine River (Structure No. 10091), Kenockee Township,
Method for Flow of Hydraulic Cement Mortar,” with one MI, shown in Fig. 1(a). The bridge is 13.6 m (44.7 ft) long
modification—the fresh UHPC was allowed to spread freely and 6.5 m (21.4 ft) wide (Fig. 1(b)). The repair effort entailed
on a plexiglass plate instead of being dropped on a flow table replacing the joints connecting the reinforced concrete beams
as specified in the standard. When the mixture stopped with UHPC (Fig. 2).
spreading, the diameter of the spread was measured. Based on
previous experience and research documented in References 1
and 2, a mixture was considered appropriate for use if its
spread ranged from 175 to 300 mm (7 to 12 in.).
The compressive strength was obtained from cubes tested
per ASTM C109/C109M, “Standard Test Method for
Compressive Strength of Hydraulic Cement Mortars (Using
2-in. or [50-mm] Cube Specimens),” while tensile strength
was obtained using coupons tested per AASHTO T 132,
“Standard Method of Test for Tensile Strength of Hydraulic
Cement Mortars.” Table 2 summarizes the properties of the
four trial mixtures.
Table 2 clearly shows beneficial effects of the longer steel
fibers, as Mixture 1 (with 19 mm fibers) exhibited a larger
strain at peak tensile stress and a larger peak tensile strength
(a)
than the mixtures with 13 mm fibers. For example, the peak
tensile strength was 12.9 MPa (1900 psi) for Mixture 1 versus
9.5 MPa (1400 psi) for Mixture 3. The longer fibers also led to
a slightly higher compressive strength than the shorter fibers.
For example, the compressive strength at 28 days for
Mixture 1 was 175.7 MPa (25,500 psi) versus 169.2 MPa
(24,600 psi) for Mixture 2.
The 28-day compressive strength decreased with increasing
amount of HRWRA. For example, the 28-day strength was
169.2 MPa (24,600 psi) for Mixture 2 and 151.9 MPa
(22,100 psi) for Mixture 4, representing a 10% drop (Table 2).
This was also true for tensile strength. The effects of using
slag cement were also evident, as the strength kept rising
substantially beyond 28 days. The 56-day compressive
strength was 17 to 20 MPa (2500 to 3000 psi) higher.
Comparing all the results, Mixture 3 provided a good
(b)
compromise between flowability and strength, and it was
selected for the field placement. Fig. 1: Bridge repair site: (a) location in Michigan; and (b) aerial view

Table 3:
UHPC fresh test results
Ambient Mixture
Batch Turnover temperature, temperature, Spread,
no. time °C (°F) °C (°F) mm (in.)
1 minute
1 23.9 (75) 26.7 (80) 238 (9.4)
30 seconds
2 minutes
3 25.0 (77) 35.0 (95) 200 (8.0)
5 seconds
2 minutes
4 25.6 (78) 30.0 (86) 231 (9.1)
Fig. 2: Joints between reinforced concrete beams were replaced 30 seconds
with UHPC. Dimension lumber portals and threaded rods held the
2 minutes
bottom formwork tight against the beam flanges to prevent leakage 7 26.7 (80) 29.4 (85) 220 (8.7)
45 seconds
of the UHPC
Mixing equipment mixture. The general trend of faster turnover time with
Mixing was carried out by a Michigan-based contractor larger mixer was also observed in the lab, although not to
employing the mixture protocol developed in the lab. The the extent seen in the field mixture. Two other observations
contractor used two Mortarman 360 MBP pan mixers, each are evident from Table 3. First, turnover time increased
with a capacity of 8 ft3 (0.23 m3). Mixing volume was limited somewhat with increasing ambient and mixture
to 5.5 ft3 (0.16 m3) because early trials showed that greater temperatures; and second, the spread dropped significantly
loads led to mixing difficulties—the material’s viscosity as the mixture temperature increased.
increased dramatically at turnover, which caused the mixer’s To address the adverse effects of the high mixture
engine to labor noticeably and even stall. Once successfully temperature and with the knowledge that the temperature
mixed, the material was discharged into wheelbarrows and would rise as the day progressed, cubed ice was added as a
transported to the placement location. replacement for some of the mixing water as recommended in
Reference 7. On-site experimentation showed that a 40%
Mixing process replacement yielded good results and kept the mixture
Construction took place on a summer day with temperature below about 29.4°C (85°F), a point beyond which
temperatures forecasted between 23 and 32°C (73 and 90°F). the test showed that the spread drops quickly. Figure 3 shows
The high temperature prompted concerns about water the steps of the field-mixing procedure and testing.
evaporation during mixing. Because UHPC has a low water
content, moisture loss due to evaporation could result in a Casting process
degradation in the fresh and hardened properties of UHPC. UHPC was cast at a rate that did not allow it to flow too far
The ambient temperatures during preparation of a few during placement to minimize preferential alignment of the
batches are summarized in Table 3, along with the measured fibers in the direction of flow. This was done by starting the
mixture temperatures. The latter are generally higher than casting process at one end of the joint and proceeding to the
the former due to the mixing energy imparted to the mixture other end at a speed comparable to the flow speed of the fresh
and heat of hydration. mixture. Initially, the UHPC was poured into hoppers that
The first batch was mixed at an ambient temperature of directed the flow of the UHPC into the joints. However, after
23.9°C (75°F). The mixture temperature peaked at 26.7°C about half of the placement was completed, the hoppers were
(80°F), and the spread was 238 mm (9.4 in.). The ambient deemed not useful and abandoned.
temperature for the second batch was 25.0°C (77°F), but the The forms can be coated or pre-wetted to ensure that they
mixture temperature rose to 35.0°C (95°F). The increased do not absorb water. The latter route was selected as the more
mixture temperature caused a marked reduction in spread, practical solution. The surface of the existing concrete and the
decreasing to 200 mm (8 in.) for the second batch from reinforcing bars were also pre-wetted to prevent the mixture
238 mm for the first batch. from losing water to the dry surfaces (Fig. 4(a)). Once casting
Table 3 shows that, in general, the turnover time is was carried out, top forms were installed to reduce surface
substantially less than that observed with the Hobart mixer dehydration (Fig. 4(b)).
in the lab. It is not clear why that is the case, especially
because the field mixer was slower than the lab mixer. Post-curing inspection
However, it is possible that the field mixing attachments are After the formwork was stripped (1 day after placement),
more effective than the lab mixer in inducing shear into the some small holes and shrinkage cracks were visible on the top

(a) (b)
(c) (d)
(e) (f)
Fig. 3: Field mixing procedure and testing of UHPC mixture: (a) addition of dry ingredients; (b) dry mixing; (c) addition of water, HRWRA, and
cubed ice; (d) mixture dispersion and homogenization; (e) addition of steel fibers; and (f) flow test
(a) (b)
Fig. 4: Casting of UHPC into a joint between beams: (a) pre-wetting and placement; and (b) top forms installed

(a) (b)
Fig. 5: Field placement after 1 day: (a) view of a UHPC connection; and (b) shrinkage cracks visible on the surface
surface of the UHPC joints (Fig. 5). These defects were Table 4:
attributed primarily to two factors: dehydration of the top Cost of Mixture 3 components
layer associated with the hot weather during construction and
entrapped air rising during curing. Nevertheless, a close
Component Quantity, lb/yd3 Cost per yd3, % of total
examination showed that the underlying material was sound.
Type I OPC 650 5.0
Comparison of Field and Lab Properties Slag cement 650 4.3
Cubes and coupons were made during field mixing to
compare field properties to lab values. As with the lab Silica fume 327 8
program, compressive strength of the field mixture was
HRWRA 39 6.3
determined according to ASTM C109/C109M and tensile
strength according to AASHTO T 132. The results are listed Sand A 395 1.2
in Table 2.
Sand B 1580 4.8
The 28-day compressive strength of the field mixture was
about 10 MPa (1500 psi) lower than the lab Mixture 3. The Steel fibers 265 70.4
tensile properties of the field mixture were also lower than
Total cost: $892.70
those of Mixture 3. We have two hypotheses for the
Note: 1 lb/yd3 = 0.59 kg/m3
discrepancy between the lab and field properties. The first is
that the hot weather caused mixing water to evaporate rapidly,
thereby compromising hydration. The second is that the expensive material, although its extremely high durability has
mixer, while efficient at turning over the mixture quickly, did the potential to significantly reduce life-cycle costs. Research
not provide sufficiently uniform mixing, causing irregular is needed to fully evaluate the long-term benefits.
dispersal of the mixture constituents.
Summary and Conclusions
A Note About Cost This article describes a field construction project using a
To satisfy the requirements of MDOT, the material used on nonproprietary blend of UHPC. Casting UHPC on a warm day
this project comprised components that were produced or sold led to a reduction in the spread (flowability) as the high
on the U.S. open market. The steel fibers were the most temperature compromised the effectiveness of the HRWRA
expensive component (refer to Table 4 for total cost and % of and increased the potential for evaporation of water during
total cost). Fiber costs are expected to drop with increasing mixing and placement. On-site experimenation showed that
demand for UHPC, so the overall price should also decrease. replacement of 40% of the mixing water with ice kept the
If the origin of the fibers is not a constraint, steel fibers mixture temperature at less than 30°C, thus ensuring the
sourced from outside the United States could be used instead effectiveness of the HRWRA. Substantially hotter days will
to reduce the UHPC cost. Another cost-reducing step would require greater ice quantities, which can be determined by trial
be to decrease the amount of steel fibers from 2 to 1.5% by and error. Minimizing evaporation can be resolved only by
volume. Research documented in Reference 1 shows that this speeding up the mixing and placing processes.
lower level of fiber dosage still yields UHPC with good The 28-day compressive strength of the field-mixed
short- and long-term properties. However, even with a material was 148.1 MPa (21,500 psi), which is about 1% less
reduced cost of steel fibers, UHPC is still a relatively than the 150 MPa needed to define the material as UHPC.

However, the material is expected to continue to gain 4. Russell, H.G., and Graybeal, B.A., “Ultra-High-Performance
substantial strength at later ages due to the use of slag cement. Concrete: A State-of-the-Art Report for the Bridge Community,” FHWA-
Lab tests showed that the 56-day compressive strength was HRT-13-060, Federal Highway Administration, McLean, VA, June 2013,
17 to 20 MPa (2500 to 3000 psi) higher than the 28-day 171 pp.
strength. The 150 MPa value is somewhat arbitrary. For 5. “Every Day Counts: An Innovation Partnership with States, EDC-3
example, the FHWA recommends that UHPC is defined using Final Report,” FHWA-17-CAI-005, Federal Highway Administration,
a minimum strength of 145 MPa (21,000 psi) at 28 days, a McLean, VA, May 2017, pp. 50-53, www.fhwa.dot.gov/innovation/
criterion that the field mixture meets. everydaycounts/reports/edc3_final/.
Although the cost of nonproprietary UHPC is much less 6. Hansen, L.P., and Jensen, B.C., “A New Building System Using
than proprietary UHPC, it is still relatively high compared to Joints of Ultra-High-Strength Fibre Reinforced Concrete,” Innovation
regular concrete. It is expected that this cost will come down in Concrete Structures: Design and Construction, R.K. Dhir and M.R.
as increasing demand drives up production of steel fibers and Jones, eds., Thomas Telford, London, UK, 1999, pp. 543-552.
reduces their cost, or as lower-priced imported fibers become 7. Graybeal, B., “Design and Construction of Field-Cast UHPC
available in the United States. Given its great strength, Connections,” FHWA-HRT-14-084, Federal Highway Administration,
durability, and other exceptional properties, it is expected that McLean, VA, Oct. 2014, 36 pp.
UHPC will play a key role in building the next generation 8. Yazıcı, H.; Yardımcı, M.Y.; Yiğiter, H.; Aydın, S.; and Türkel, S.,
infrastructure—one that is significantly more robust, resilient, “Mechanical Properties of Reactive Powder Concrete Containing High
and sustainable than in the past. Volumes of Ground-Granulated Blast-Furnace Slag,” Cement and
Concrete Composites, V. 32, No. 8, Sept. 2010, pp. 639-648.
Acknowledgments
This research was funded by MDOT. The authors would like to Note: Additional information on the ASTM and AASHTO standards
acknowledge the ideas and intellectual contributions of D. Juntunen and discussed in this article can be found at www.astm.org and
S. Kahl of the Field Services Research Administration at MDOT. www.transportation.org, respectively.
Disclaimer Selected for reader interest by the editors.

The opinions stated in this paper are the authors’ and not necessarily
those of MDOT or the individuals mentioned.
Sherif El-Tawil is a Professor of civil
References and environmental engineering at the
1. El-Tawil, S.; Alkaysi, M.; Naaman, A.E.; Hansen, W.; and Liu, Z., University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI.
“Development, Characterization and Applications of a Non Proprietary He has had a long-sustained interest
Ultra-High-Performance Concrete for Highway Bridges,” Report No. in the development of nonproprietary
RC-1637, Michigan Department of Transportation, Lansing, MI, 2016, UHPC and characterization of its short-
199 pp. and long-term properties. El-Tawil is
2. Alkaysi, M., and El-Tawil, S., “Effects of Variations in the Mix particularly interested in the effects of
Constituents of Ultra-High-Performance Concrete (UHPC) on Cost and extreme loading on structural systems
Performance,” Materials and Structures, V. 49, No. 10, Oct. 2016, and how UHPC, with its unique properties, can be used to
pp. 4185-4200. mitigate those effects. He is a licensed professional engineer
3. Wille, K.; Naaman, A.E.; El-Tawil, S.; and Parra-Montesinos, in Michigan.
G.J., “Ultra-High-Performance Concrete and Fiber Reinforced Concrete:
Achieving Strength and Ductility without Heat Curing,” Materials and Yuh-Shiou Tai is a Professor in the Civil
Structures, V. 45, No. 3, Mar. 2012, pp. 309-324. Engineering Department at the ROC
Military Academy, Taiwan, ROC. He
has been a Visiting Research Scientist
at the University of Michigan since
Sign up for 2013. His research interests include
Concrete interfacial bonding properties between
steel fiber and the cementitious material;
Created by SmartBrief in partnership with ACI, Concrete
and experimental testing, analysis, and
SmartBrief provides a daily e-mail snapshot of the concrete
industry with news from leading global sources. Summaries of modeling of UHPC under quasi-static and high strain rate loading.
what matters to you, written by expert editors, to save you time
and keep you informed and prepared. John A. Belcher II has been with the Michigan Department of
Transportation (MDOT) for 16 years, during which he served as
Welcome to Concrete SmartBrief; sign up at:
the Concrete Construction Engineer. He is currently the Bridge
www.smartbrief.com/ACI Construction Engineer for MDOT.

Products&PracticeSpotlight
The Rheology of Control

Flow Concrete
Conventional mixtures can be designed to behave almost like self-consolidating
concrete
by Elizabeth G. Burns, Klaus-Alexander Rieder, Joshua W. Curto, and Nathan Tregger
C
onventional concrete is widely used in building resistance as conventional concrete. There is minimal need for
projects because it is easy to produce and deliver to vibration during placement due to its high flow and high
the jobsite, and it is resistant to small variations in responsiveness to external energy. Because it has a larger
water content. However, large crews are normally needed to yield stress than SCC, control flow concrete will not flow
properly place and finish conventional concrete, and this uncontrolled in formwork. However, it has high passing
presents increasing challenges as labor markets tighten. ability through congested reinforcement, with no aggregate
Self-consolidating concrete (SCC) has proven itself as a blocking when produced with maximum size aggregate
viable alternative for some applications. Its high flowability, conforming to ACI 211.1 recommendations.1
excellent passing ability, and self-leveling characteristics GCP Applied Technologies (GCP) recently introduced
make it very easy to place, with minimal labor requirements. CONCERA™ brand admixtures that enable the production of
However, it is more expensive to produce due to the control flow concrete using mixture proportions typical of
specialized mixture designs, high powder contents, and the conventional concrete. The new admixtures result in a static
extra quality control efforts required to minimize batch-to- yield stress that is much lower than that of conventional
batch moisture variability. concrete, allowing control flow concrete to start flowing with
Control flow concrete bridges the gap between conventional minimal energy input. Yet, the admixtures result in a Bingham
concrete and SCC, offering significant improvements in (or dynamic yield) stress that is higher than that of SCC. That
quality, performance, and productivity for concrete producers means control flow concrete can be placed in slab-on-ground
and contractors alike. Shown in Fig. 1, control flow concrete applications and does not flow beneath small gaps in
flows more readily but has the same stability or segregation conventional formwork (Fig. 2). Control flow concrete will
Fig. 2: The leading edge of control flow concrete at rest, during

Fig. 1: Control flow concrete being placed in a flatwork application placement of a slab-on-ground

not self-level like SCC, so it can be placed evenly on small protocol was followed. Aggregate and approximately 80% of
grades. Control flow concrete also remains segregation- the water were added to a tumble mixer and mixed for 1
resistant, even if water is added. minute. Cement was added and the sides of the mixer rinsed
In this article, we will briefly describe admixtures suitable with the rest of the water, mixing for an additional 1 minute.
for producing control flow concrete, address the rheological Admixtures were then added and mixing continued for
characterization of control flow concrete, and explore how 3 minutes, followed by a 3-minute rest period, and a final 2
control flow concrete compares to conventional concrete and minutes of mixing. The tail addition of admixtures provided
SCC. These three types of concrete can be distinguished by better distribution and effectiveness of the cement dispersing
comparing slump or slump flow spread (Table 1). components of the admixtures.
Slump, slump flow, visual stability index (VSI), and air
Experiments content of conventional concrete and SCC were measured
Mixture designs for the three types of evaluated concrete according to ASTM C143/C143M,4 C1611/C1611M,5 and
mixtures are shown in Table 2. The mixture design used for C231/C231M (Type B),6 respectively (Table 3). For control
conventional concrete and control flow concrete is a typical flow concrete, the tests have been modified. The slump flow
3500 psi (24.1 MPa) mixture for slabs. A tail-addition mixing was measured by filling a cone with the wider opening on the
slump-flow board, without rodding. The air meter was filled in
three lifts and tapped after each lift but not rodded.
Table 1: Compressive strength test cylinders were likewise tapped but
Key characteristics of conventional, control flow, and not rodded.
SCC mixtures Rheological experiments were carried out on an ICAR Plus
Conventional Control flow from Germann Instruments. The concrete was loaded into the
concrete concrete SCC rheometer and the sides were tapped when the container was
one-third, two-thirds, and completely full. The vane was then
w/c* 0.42 0.42 0.40 inserted into the concrete and the measurements begun
Slump or spread, 6 to 8 16 to 25
according to manufacturer’s recommendations.7
in. (mm) (150 to 200) (410 to 635)
>25 (640) For measurement of static yield stress, the vane speed
ADVA 198 and
was 0.05 rad/s (0.5 rpm). The test was stopped when the
Admixture ADVA® 198 CONCERA EXP 950 maximum torque was reached and began to decrease. For
CP1028 evaluation of the Bingham yield stress, the highest rotational
Water-cement ratio
* velocity was 30 rpm, and the velocity was stepped down in
Note: All admixtures are polycarboxylate-based HRWRAs 4.5 rpm increments until it reached 3 rpm. Each rotational
Table 2:
Mixture proportions for three types of concrete. The proportions for conventional concrete and control flow
concrete mixtures are identical except for the addition of a second admixture
Constituents Conventional concrete Control flow concrete SCC
w/c* 0.42 0.42 0.40
1750 (1038) 1750 (1038)
1450 (860)
Coarse aggregate, lb/yd3 (kg/m3) ASTM C33/C33M ASTM C33/C33M
3/8 in. (9.5 mm) stone
No. 67 gradation† (Ref. 2) No. 67 gradation†
Fine aggregate, lb/yd3 (kg/m3) 1387 (823) 1387 (823) 1334 (791)
Cement, ASTM C150/C150M
611 (362) 611 (362) 846 (502)
Type II (Ref. 3), lb/yd3 (kg/m3)
Admixture 1, 2.5 (163) 2.5 (163) 9 (587)
oz/cwt (mL/100 kg cement) ADVA 198 ADVA 198 EXP 950
Admixture 2,
— 11.5 (751) CONCERA CP1028 —
oz/cwt (mL/100 kg cement)
*
Water-cement ratio
†
Nominal size 3/4 in. to No. 4 (19 to 4.75 mm)

velocity was held for 30 seconds—long enough to equilibrate Results and Discussion
the signal but short enough to minimize the potential for Admixtures
segregation. The rotational velocity and torque were plotted A balance of properties is needed to make control flow
and a straight line fit to the data. The slope and interceptconcrete. High-range water-reducing admixtures (HRWRAs)
were then converted to plastic viscosity and Bingham yield are required to disperse the cement particles and reduce the
stress according to the Reiner-Riwlin equations. yield stress. Good slump flow retention is also necessary for
transportation and placement of the
material. However, high doses of
Table 3: HRWRAs can cause segregation when
Plastic concrete properties. Each value is the average of two or more tests used in conventional concrete mixtures
(Fig. 3(a)). The CONCERA brand of
Slump, mm Slump flow, VSI
admixtures produce segregation-
Mixture type Air, % (in.) mm (in.) (rating)
resistant concrete (Fig. 3(b)) with a
Trial 1 1.9 184 (7.3) — — flow range (spread) of 16 to 25 in.
Trial 2 2.3 165 (6.5) — — (410 to 635 mm) using conventional
mixture designs. These proprietary
Trial 3 1.7 197 (7.8) — —
viscosity-modified polycarboxylate
Conventional Trial 4 1.9 168 (6.6) — — admixtures provide good initial slump
concrete flow and slump flow retention without
Trial 5 2.1 187 (7.4) — —
segregation. Mixtures described in this
168 to 197 article comprise CONCERA CP1028
Range 1.7 to 2.3 — —
(6.5 to 7.4) admixtures, designed for use in
Trial 1 1.9 229 (9.0) 470 (18.5) 0.75 non-air-entrained concrete with
HRWRAs. Other admixtures in
Trial 2 2.0 239 (9.4) 440 (17.3) 0.75
the brand family are for use as
Trial 3 1.5 238 (9.4) 457 (18.0) 0.75 companions to high- and mid-range
Control flow
Trial 4 1.4 238 (9.4) 464 (18.3) 0.75
water-reducing admixtures. Still others
concrete
have water reduction and control flow
Trial 5 2.0 238 (9.4) 457 (18.0) 0.75 properties built in.
229 to 238 440 to 470
Range 1.4 to 2.0 0.75 Compressive strength
(9.0 to 9.4) (17.3 to 18.5)
The compressive strengths of
SCC Trial 5 0.9 264 (10.4) 638 (25.1) 1.25
control flow concrete and conventional
(a) (b)
Fig. 3: The slump flow test is used to evaluate flowability and segregation resistance: (a) a conventional mixture overdosed with HRWRA
exhibits flow but also segregation; and (b) control flow concrete also exhibits flow, but no segregation

concrete are equivalent (Fig. 4). The variation seen in Fig. 4

can be attributed to day-to-day variations in aggregates.
Because the flow properties of the control flow concrete come
from the chemistry of the CONCERA admixture and not
water, there is no decrease in strength.
Static yield stress

Static yield stress is a measure of the force required to
start motion in concrete at rest. The general form of the data is
shown in Fig. 5. As described in Ferraris et al.,8 the shear
stress corresponding to maximum torque is referred to as the
static yield stress.
The raw data from the three types of concrete studied
Fig. 4: Compressive strength of control flow concrete and follow the generalized form sufficiently well. In addition to
conventional concrete. Error bars represent one standard deviation the torque values, the time at which the maximum torque is
reached changes (Fig. 6).
Fig. 7: Static yield stress for three types of concrete. Error bars
Fig. 5: Generalized form of rheologic data for evaluation of yield stress represent one standard deviation (Note: 1 Pa = 0.000145 psi)
Fig. 6: Raw data for static yield stress (Note: 1 N·m = 0.737 ft-lb) Fig. 8: An ideal Bingham plot for a Newtonian fluid with a yield stress

The static yield stress is shown in Fig. 7, as an average

over all samples of a given type for the concrete listed in
Table 1. Conventional concrete has the highest static yield
stress. It requires about two-thirds less force to start
movement in control flow concrete, and SCC moves even
more easily. The reduced static yield stress will allow workers
to move concrete more rapidly with less strain.
Shear Rate Experiments and Bingham Model

Concrete is typically modeled as a Bingham fluid. The
viscosity of such a fluid is given by the slope of the strain rate
versus shear stress plot (Fig. 8) and the Bingham yield stress
is given by the y-intercept.
Conventional concrete may not always follow the Bingham
model, and, in this case, shear thickening was observed (Fig. 9).
Both SCC and control flow concrete are reasonably well-
modeled by the Bingham relationship. For simplicity and
consistency, the Bingham model is used for the data in this Fig. 9: Raw data for Bingham plots—shear rate versus shear strain
article. The modified Bingham and the Herschel-Bulkley experiments (Note: 1 N·m = 0.737 ft-lb)
Save Date
the
Concrete 2029 Workshop:

February 28, 2018
Technology Forum 43:
March 1-2, 2018
The McCormick Hotel
Scottsdale, AZ, USA
Details at: www.ConcreteSDC.com Follow us: @ACIFoundation

models9 improve the fit to the data for conventional concrete, yield stresses, almost by an order of magnitude. It clearly
but they provide less information about the observable takes more force to start concrete moving from a resting state
physical properties. than stopping it when it has been moving. While ease of
placement (represented by static yield stress) reduces wear on
Bingham yield stress people and equipment, it is also useful to have concrete that
Using the Reiner-Riwlin equations and the data from the comes to rest more easily (represented by the Bingham yield
Bingham plot, the yield stress was calculated. The data are stress) than SCC. Figure 2, for example, shows control flow
again grouped by concrete type (Fig. 10 and Table 4). The concrete concrete in a slab placement. The concrete has
Bingham yield stresses are significantly lower than the static flowed and then stopped, leaving a rounded front.
Plastic viscosity
Plastic viscosity is related to the slope of the shear rate
versus the shear-stress line by the Riener-Riwlin equations.
For control flow concrete and SCC, the behavior is linear in
the shear-rate regime measured, and the viscosity is constant
with respect to shear rate. Figure 11 shows that control flow
concrete is more viscous (has more resistance to flow) than
SCC. Although the conventional concrete demonstrates
shear thickening, the Riener-Riwlin transformation was
applied to approximate the viscosity. This gives a value
close to that for control flow concrete. Although the
Fig. 10: Bingham yield stress for three types of concrete. Error bars nonlinearity of the speed versus torque plot may affect the
represent one standard deviation (Note: 1 Pa = 0.000145 psi) applicability of the Riener-Riwlin transformation, the
viscosity for conventional concrete is closer to that of
Table 4: control flow concrete than that of SCC. All the shear rates
Comparisons of static and Bingham yield stresses for are relatively low, covering the range of placement and
conventional, control flow, and SCC mixtures. The static finishing. The shear rates relevant for pumping are outside
yield stress is always lower than the Bingham yield the capability of the rheometer.
Static yield stress, Bingham yield
Rheograph
Mixture type Pa stress, Pa
In Fig. 12, the static yield stress is plotted as a function of
Conventional concrete 2106 503 plastic viscosity for the three types of concrete studied, using
Control flow concrete 810 109
the data from Fig. 7 and 10. The yield stress distinguishes
control flow concrete from both conventional concrete and
SCC 95 19
Note: 1 Pa = 0.000145 psi
Fig. 12: Rheograph for the three types of concrete studied, and the
Fig. 11: Plastic viscosity for three types of concrete. Error bars hypothetical position of a concrete made to flow by overdosing with
represent one standard deviation (Note: 1 Pa·s = 1000 cP) an HRWRA (Note: 1 Pa = 0.000145 psi; 1 Pa·s = 1000 cP)

SCC. It is easier to begin the flow of control flow concrete 4. ASTM C143/C143M, “Standard Test Method for Slump of
compared to conventional concrete, and control flow concrete Hydraulic-Cement Concrete,” ASTM International, West Conshohocken,
ceases to flow more readily than SCC. The plastic viscosity of PA, 2015, 4 pp.
SCC is lower than the other two types of concrete. The dotted 5. ASTM C1611/C1611M, “Standard Test Method for Slump Flow of
circle in the rheograph represents concrete made by Self-Consolidating Concrete,” ASTM International, West Conshohocken,
overdosing with an HRWRA. In this case, segregation made it PA, 2014, 6 pp.
impossible to study the rheology. 6. ASTM C231/C231M, “Standard Test Method for Air Content of
Freshly Mixed Concrete by the Pressure Method,” ASTM International,
Conclusions and Outlook West Conshohocken, PA, 2017, 10 pp.
Control flow concrete has distinct rheological behavior 7. Koehler, E.P.; Fowler, D.W.; Ferraris, C.F.; and Amziane, S.;
compared to conventional concrete and SCC. This type of “A New, Portable Rheometer for Fresh Self-Consolidating Concrete,”
flowable concrete is enabled by CONCERA brand admixtures, Workability of SCC: Roles of its Constituents and Measurement
which work with conventional mixtures. Control flow concrete Techniques, SP-233, C. Shi and K.H. Khayat, eds., American Concrete
shows promise in decreasing labor demand and time for Institute, Farmington Hills, MI, 2006, pp. 97-115.
concrete placement, without risk of segregation. 8. Ferraris, C.F.; Billberg, P.; Ferron, R.; Feys, D.; Hu, J.; Kawashima, S.;
Koehler, E.; Sonebi, M.; Tanesi, J.; and Tregger, N., “Role of Rheology in
References Achieving Successful Concrete Performance,” Concrete International,
1. ACI Committee 221, “Standard Practice for Selecting Proportions V. 39, No. 6, June 2017, pp. 43-51.
for Normal, Heavyweight, and Mass Concrete (ACI 211.1-91) (Reapproved 9. Wallevik, O.H.; Dyes, D.; Wallevik, J.E.; and Khayat, K.H.,
2009),” American Concrete Institute, Farmington Hills, MI, 1991, 38 pp. “Avoiding Inaccurate Interpretations of Rheological Measurements for
2. ASTM C33/C33M, “Standard Specification for Concrete Aggregates,” Cement-Based Materials,” Cement and Concrete Research, V. 78, Part A,
ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA, 2016, 11 pp. Dec. 2015, pp. 100-109.
3. ASTM C150/C150M, “Standard Specification for Portland Cement,”
ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA, 2017, 9 pp. Selected for reader interest by the editors.
Elizabeth G. Burns joined GCP Applied Joshua W. Curto joined the concrete
Technologies in 2016 to focus on cement admixtures group at GCP Applied
and the polymers PCE. Her career in the Technologies in May 2017. He received
specialty chemical industry has included his BS in chemical engineering and his
time at Eastman Kodak and Cabot. MS in materials science and engineering
Burns received her BS in chemistry from from Worcester Polytechnic Institute,
Southern Methodist University, Dallas, Worcester, MA.
TX, and her PhD from California Institute
of Technology, Pasadena, CA, studying
metathesis polymerization.
ACI member Nathan Tregger is a Principal
ACI member Klaus-Alexander Rieder Scientist at GCP Applied Technologies, Inc.,
is a Global R&D Director for Concrete Cambridge, MA. He is a member of ACI
Products at GCP Applied Technologies. Committees 212, Chemical Admixtures;
He is a member of ACI Committees 209, 237, Self-Consolidating Concrete; 238,
Creep and Shrinkage in Concrete; 215, Workability of Fresh Concrete; 241,
Fatigue of Concrete; 360, Design of Nanotechnology of Concrete; 304,
Slabs on Ground; 506, Shotcreting; and Measuring, Mixing, Transporting, and
544, Fiber-Reinforced Concrete. He is Placing Concrete; and 552, Cementitious
also a member of Joint ACI-ASCE Grouting. He received his math and civil
Committee 446, Fracture Mechanics of engineering degrees from Lafayette College, Easton, PA; his MS
Concrete, and several ASTM International and RILEM committees. and PhD from Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, focusing on
He received his doctorate degree in physics from the Technical topics ranging from stochastic modeling of hardened concrete to
University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria, in 1995. fundamental and practical aspects of concrete rheology; and his
MS in innovation from Northeastern University, Boston, MA.

Spring 2018 | Salt Lake City
Gain
Knowledgeat
The Concrete Convention
and Exposition
Obtain a March 25-29, 2018
better Grand America and Little America Hotel
understanding of Salt Lake City, UT
practical applications
and earn professional
accreditation at
over 40 technical
sessions!
Visit www.aciconvention.org to view the session schedule and to register.

Products &
Practice
Single Seal Freeze Protect
Professional Products Direct’s Single Seal Freeze Protect™ penetrates concrete pores
to prevent water and water vapor from passing through the surface by forming a glass-
like silicate barrier within the pores. It helps prevent spalling damage, cracking during
freezing-and-thawing cycles, and efflorescence. Single Seal Freeze Protect also provides
stain resistance and reduces ice bonding.
—Professional Products Direct, www.professionalproductsdirect.com
HandJet EBS-260 SHOWA 4561 Glove

The handheld portable printer, HandJet EBS-260, has SHOWA® released the SHOWA 4561 Glove, which
a print height of up to 2.2 in. (56 mm) that features has been engineered in collaboration with DuPont with
32 dots. The ink cartridge capacity is up to 200,000 cut-resistant 15-gauge Kevlar® construction. This
characters in a 7 x 5 matrix. Single- or multi-line lightweight glove meets ANSI/ISEA 105 A4 Cut
messages can be printed on both porous and nonporous Resistance Level requirements. SHOWA 4561 uses
substrates. The large, highly readable screen makes it SHOWA’s patented Zorb-IT® grip technology, which
easy to adjust print parameters and view messages being allows users to maintain a grip in oily and wet conditions.
printed and various operational parameters. The HandJet The top of the glove indicates the glove size, technologies,
EBS-260 uses a variety of quick-drying and application- and certifications. SHOWA 4561 is engineered with
specific inks such as ethanol-, acetone-, or MEK-based in seamless fit technology, which provides comfort along the
different colors. fingers and palm.
—Elektronische Beshriftungs-Systeme (EBS), —SHOWA, Inc., www.showagroup.com
www.ebs-inkjet-usa.com —DuPont, www.dupont.com
GSSI Palm XT Antenna for StructureScan Mini XT

The Geophysical Survey Systems, Inc. (GSSI), Palm XT is a
miniaturized ground-penetrating radar (GPR) antenna that
enhances the capabilities of the StructureScan™ Mini XT GPR
concrete inspection system. The handheld antenna provides
users access in tightly spaced areas and enables overhead
scanning. The 2300 MHz Palm XT offers superior depth
penetration and resolution. It features full keypad control via the
antenna top, allowing for remote control of the user interface.
The antenna has seamless software integration and provides
users with three data collection modes: standard, cross
polarization, and sidecar. Standard mode requires no special
setup, and is ready for plug-and-play operation. Cross
polarization mode highlights nonmetallic objects, such as PVC,
and deemphasizes metallic objects such as reinforcing bars and
wire mesh. Sidecar mode transitions the survey wheel to the side
of the antenna and allows it to fit into smaller spaces.
—Geophysical Survey Systems, Inc., www.geophysical.com

Products & Practice
EksoVest
The Ekso Bionics® EksoVest is an upper-body exoskeleton that elevates and supports a worker’s arms to assist with
tasks. The vest provides adjustable lift assistance of 5 to 15 lb (2.2 to 6.8 kg) per arm. It is lightweight and low profile,
making it comfortable to wear in a variety of conditions while enabling the freedom of motion necessary to complete
tasks from chest height to overhead.
—Ekso Bionics, http://eksobionics.com
PowerLift Foundation Repair

PowerLift Foundation Repair’s method of polyurethane foam
injection lifting of sinking concrete slabs can be used in residential,
municipal, and commercial applications. PowerLift’s polyurethane
foam provides a solid, dense void platform that supports the slab. The
foam’s tensile strength and elongation allow it to be tough and pliable
under heavy workloads. When installed, the foam can expand 20 times
its liquid volume, which allows it to move laterally beneath a slab to fill
voids and provide continuous support. The foam seeps into the subbase
and binds particles together to improve the bearing capacity. The foam
cures in minutes, allowing pavement to be opened for use shortly after
injection. The foam injection requires injection holes of 3/8 in. (10 mm).
—Powerlift Foundation Repair, www.powerliftfoundationrepair.com
TrueLook Construction Camera Systems

TrueLook provides construction cameras combining live jobsite viewing, project time-lapsing, and high-definition
security. The time-lapse functionality allows users to see updates on projects and review visual documentation over the
course of a project. Using this technology can also help site supervisors go back and see the impact of weather events on
their jobsite and how quickly their teams reacted and recovered.
—TrueLook, www.truelook.com
The One Floor System

Braxton-Bragg’s The One Floor is a
maintenance program that improves a
polished concrete floor while it is
cleaned. The system substitutes a
diamond pad for a cloth pad and reduces
the amount of soap and chemicals used
to clean. With a smaller amount of soap,
properly selected diamond pads both
clean and polish the floor.
—Braxton-Bragg,
www.braxton-bragg.com

Products & Practice
Web Notes
Simpson Strong-Tie Launches Microsite for

OSHA Silica Dust Regulations
Simpson Strong-Tie launched a silica dust microsite to
help contractors, builders, engineers, and other building
professionals safely comply with the new construction
standards. The microsite is designed to enable users to
quickly grasp OSHA’s updated requirements via
downloadable information and government documents,
including a fact sheet, answers to frequent questions, and
the silica dust construction regulations in both English
and Spanish.
—Simpson Strong-Tie, www.strongtie.com
Book Notes
Structural Concrete: Strut-and-Tie Models for Unified Design
by Salah El-Metwally and Wai-Fah Chen
Structural Concrete: Strut-and-Tie Models for Unified Design examines the application of strut-and-tie models for the design
of structural concrete. This book provides information from fundamental theories to practical engineering applications, and it
provides solutions for many design problems that are not otherwise achievable using the traditional methods.
—CRC Press, www.crcpress.com
230 pp.; ISBN: 9781498783842
Products&Service
Literature&Videos
Standard Practice for Periodically Measuring and Monitoring Sealant Dimensions to
Stability Following a Period of Compression or Tension
A new ASTM International standard will help manufacturers and regulators better understand how building sealants
change once they have been compressed or stretched. “Standard Practice for Periodically Measuring and Monitoring
Sealant Dimensions to Stability Following a Period of Compression or Tension” (C1815) was developed by ASTM
International Committee C24, Building Seals and Sealants. The new standard will be used by manufacturers to measure
the residual strain in various sealant formulations. In addition, regulators will use the standard to modify existing sealant
standards to more realistically incorporate sealant compression behavior.
—ASTM International, www.astm.org

Product
Showcase
Admixtures
Larsen Chemcrete SCC1
Larsen Chemcrete SCC1 is a “third-generation” high-performance, high-range water-reducing admixture. Chemcrete
SCC1 was developed for production of self-consolidating concrete (SCC). It contains advanced viscosity-modifying
polymers to improve the stability of SCC without adversely affecting flow characteristics. Further, it reduces the
sensitivity of SCC to variations in water-powder ratio.
—Larsen Building Products, www.larsenbuildingproducts.com
CoolCure MCI-2005
New Technology Solutions, LLC, a subsidiary of Silicone MCI®-2005 is a water-based, organic, migrating corrosion-
Solutions, developed CoolCure, an admixture that converts inhibiting admixture for protection of metallic reinforcement
ordinary portland cement into a Type IV, low-heat cement. By in concrete structures. The admixture contains a blend of
minimizing the generation of calcium hydroxide, this patent- amine salts of carboxylic acids. The salts form a protective
pending admixture reduces the heat of hydration by up to layer on embedded reinforcement, delaying the onset of
80%. In addition, Coolcure increases working/placement time corrosion and reducing corrosion rates. MCI-2005 can be used
and late-age compressive strength. CoolCure is recommended with concrete structures with conventional or prestressed
for mass concrete placements, as it minimizes the need for reinforcement, and it’s recommended for concrete that will be
pre- or post-cooling of concrete. exposed to deicing salts, saline groundwater, airborne
—Silicone Solutions, www.siliconesolutions.com chlorides, and carbonation.
—Cortec Corporation, www.cortecvci.com
Extendflo RC Acrygen D471

When MAPEI’s Extendflo RC is used as part of an admixture OMNOVA Solutions Acrygen D471 acrylic
system, it provides slump retention without retardation. Extenflo RC binder results in superior compressive and
is recommended for production of self-consolidating concrete flexural strengths when used as a modifier in
mixtures, and it can be used in concrete mixtures comprising admixtures. It enhances the workability of
supplementary cementitious materials. The admixture promotes mortar and concrete, delivers superior
consistency of workability, compressive strengths, and air content, compressive and flexural strength, and boosts
and it minimizes the need for re-dosing of high-range water-reducing resistance to penetration of acid rain, oil, and salts.
admixture at the jobsite. —OMNOVA Solutions, www.omnova.com
—MAPEI, www.mapei.com

Product Showcase
Master X-Seed 55
BASF’s Master
PREVent-C
PREVent-C®, developed by Premier
X-Seed® 55 is a strength-
Construction Products Group, a fully
enhancing admixture that
owned division of Premier Magnesia
improves both early- and
LLC, is a shrinkage-reducing and crack-
late-age strength
control concrete admixture. The specially
development in concrete,
formulated powder provides dual
while also supporting
functionality to prevent cracking or
sustainable construction.
curling caused by shrinkage. Shrinkage-
Master X-Seed’s
induced cracking may be reduced by as
technology is a stable suspension of synthetically produced crystalline
much as 90%, depending on mixture
calcium silicate hydrate (CSH) nanoparticles. These nanoparticles
design and dosage of PREVent-C. As a
facilitate the growth of CSH crystals between cement grains and improve
result, this admixture can increase
the overall hydration of portland cement. The strength-enhancing
expected concrete service life and reduce
property of this technology permits a reduction in the total cementitious
construction timelines.
materials content of a given concrete mixture while maintaining the
—Premier Construction Products
compressive strength of concrete.
Group, www.premiermagnesia.com
—BASF Corporation, www.basf.com
How to Become 
ACI-CERTIFIED
TESTING/TRAINING CENTER
Located across the globe, ACI has
partnered with these groups to
administer written and performance
exams throughout the year

PROMETRIC TESTING CENTERS
Set your date and time for convenience
when taking written exams
If you’re a craftsman, technician, or inspector, earning an ACI Certification

provides you with the credentials to build the best concrete structures in
the world. If you’re a specifier or owner, you know many codes require
ACI-certified personnel on the jobsite. Visit concrete.org/certification.
CCRL TOURS
Performance exams can be
administered at the same time the
CCRL is evaluating your lab

Industry
Focus
ICC Adds MMFX ChrōmX 4100/2100 ASTM Northeast STIHL Relocated to Oxford, CT
A1035 to Code Compliance Report STIHL Inc. relocated its Northeast STIHL location to
International Code Council Evaluation Service (ICC-ES) Oxford, CT. The facility is designed to drive efficiencies
updated its Evaluation Report ESR-2107 to include MMFX to enhance dealer support and responsiveness. Expanded
ChrōmX 4100 ASTM A1035 CM and ChrōmX 2100 ASTM warehouse capabilities include efficient racking and storage
A1035 CL high-strength, corrosion-resistant reinforcing systems, improved pick and pack processes, and 13 loading
steels. The report provides engineers and building officials doors to handle inbound/outbound freight. Northeast STIHL
an industry peer-reviewed guide on how to specify, approve, can also provide enhanced training and technical services
and properly take advantage of the high-strength benefits capabilities to its dealers in its new training facility and
of ASTM A1035 CS, CM, and CL reinforcing steels up to workshop. It provides service to dealers in Connecticut,
100 ksi (690 MPa) in yield strength. The ESR-2107 report, Rhode Island, Massachusetts, Maine, New Hampshire,
issued in accordance with ICC-ES Acceptance Criteria (AC) Vermont, New York, New Jersey, and Pennsylvania.
429, has expanded over the years to allow the use of high-
strength ASTM A1035 Grade 100 (690) reinforcing steel, Ozinga Receives USGBC-Illinois Emerald
including in high seismic zones, in compliance with the 2015, Award for Green Building Innovation
2012, and 2009 International Building Code® (IBC); the 2015, Ozinga received the 12th Annual Illinois Emerald Award
2012, and 2009 International Residence Code; and the 2013 for Green Building Innovation for its work with CarbonCure.
Abu Dhabi International Building Code. The U.S. Green Building Council-Illinois’ (USGBC-Illinois)
Emerald Awards showcase contributors to a more sustainably
McLaren Engineering Group Expands to built environment by recognizing outstanding individuals,
Downtown Orlando organizations, projects, and technologies. Ozinga has provided
McLaren Engineering Group expanded its office in ready mixed concrete products to Chicago, IL, and the
Orlando, FL. The firm, now located at 201 North Magnolia surrounding area since 1928. Ozinga installed CarbonCure’s
Avenue, has doubled the size of its previous Orlando location. technology at its Chicago Chinatown plant in September
McLaren’s recent projects have included working with 2016. Following extensive testing, Ozinga has been using
Cirque du Soleil La Nouba’s Bamboo Aerial Act to bring the the technology to optimize its carbon footprint.
performance outdoors to Orlando. McLaren reviewed the act’s
equipment, rigging, and supporting structure to ensure the Ware Malcomb Celebrates 45th Anniversary
protection of the high-flying performers and their audience. Ware Malcomb, an international design firm, celebrated
The firm also provided structural engineering, construction its 45th anniversary. The firm has 22 offices across North
administration, and design services for the 584,300 ft2 America, providing planning, architecture, interior design,
(54,280 m2) Baldwin Harbor residential complex, which branding, and civil engineering services. Ware Malcomb has
opened in late 2016. completed projects for one in five companies listed on the
Fortune 100. The firm and its projects have been recognized
ROWE Professional Services Company named with numerous local and national design and industry awards.
2017 ACEC/M “Firm of the Year” In addition, Ware Malcomb’s design concepts have been
The American Council of Engineering Companies of recognized in a national competition by NAIOP, the national
Michigan (ACEC/M) presented the 2017 member “Firm of commercial real estate association, for 4 consecutive years, in
the Year” award to ROWE Professional Services Company, the areas of office, industrial, interiors, and healthcare design.
headquartered in Flint, MI. This is the highest honor bestowed
and the only award program instituted to recognize ACEC/M Carroll Engineering Corporation Announced
member firms for their leadership in professional practice and New Shareholders
community service. ROWE helps to advance the consulting The Carroll Engineering Corporation (CEC) Board of
design profession, is actively involved in the success and Directors announced that three new shareholders have been
growth of ACEC/M, and frequently gives back to the added to the ownership group of the company. The new
community. Since 1962, ROWE has provided engineering, stockholders are Steven Hartman, Michael McCarey, and
surveying, architecture, and planning solutions. The company Christopher Peterson, all Project Managers in the Authority/
combines large-firm resources with personal attention and Municipal Services Department. Carroll Engineering
prides itself on going beyond technical excellence with its Corporation is a consulting engineering firm in the Greater
commitment to exceptional client service. Philadelphia, PA area.

Calls for
Papers
Additive Manufacturing of Cement-Based damage detection and mitigation, vulnerability identification,
Materials and strengthening of constructed structures. Both
Meeting: Technical session on “Materials Science Aspects experimental and analytical investigations are of interest.
Related to Additive Manufacturing of Cement-Based The sessions will bring to light recent research findings and
Materials” at The ACI Concrete Convention and Exposition – provide an opportunity to discuss present challenges and
Fall 2018, October 14-18, 2018, in Las Vegas, NV; sponsored technical demands. Critical information will be provided to
by ACI Committees 236, Material Science of Concrete; 238, those who will lead tomorrow’s structural design and
Workability of Fresh Concrete; and 552, Cementitious Grouting. construction, including practicing engineers, government
Solicited: Presentations on the materials science aspects officials, and academics. An ACI Special Publication will
relating to digital manufacturing (three-dimensional [3-D] be published.
printing or additive manufacturing) of cement-based materials Requirements: 1) presentation title; 2) author/speaker
are invited. Early-age properties that are desirable for digital name(s), title, organization, and contact information; and
manufacturing, mixture designs and selection methods, 3) an abstract of up to 300 words.
printability, and quality control/characterization test methods Deadlines: Abstracts are due by January 31, 2018; final
are topics of interest. Presentations on developing novel papers are due by April 30, 2018.
cement-based materials using 3-D printing to provide special Send to: Yail Jimmy Kim, University of Colorado Denver,
properties and means to architect such microstructures are e-mail: jimmy.kim@ucdenver.edu; and Junwon Seo, South
also solicited. Dakota State University, e-mail: junwon.seo@sdstate.edu.
Requirements: 1) presentation title; 2) author/speaker
name(s), title, organization, and contact information; and Analysis and Testing for Bridge Evaluation
3) an abstract of up to 200 words. and Design
Deadline: Abstracts are due by January 15, 2018. Meeting: Technical session on “Advanced Analysis and
Send to: Narayanan Neithalath, Arizona State University, Testing Methods for Concrete Bridge Evaluation and Design”
e-mail: narayanan.neithalath@asu.edu; and Gaurav Sant, at The ACI Concrete Convention and Exposition – Fall 2018,
University of California Los Angeles, e-mail: gsant@ucla.edu. October 14-18, 2018, in Las Vegas, NV; sponsored by ACI
Committee 342, Evaluation of Concrete Bridges and Bridge
Seismic Analysis, Design, and Construction of Elements, and Joint ACI-ASCE Committee 343, Concrete
Concrete Buildings and Bridges Bridge Design.
Meeting: Technical sessions on “Seismic Analysis, Solicited: Presentations are invited on state-of-the-art and
Design, and Construction of Concrete Buildings and emerging technologies for the strength evaluation and
Bridges” at The ACI Concrete Convention and Exposition – design of concrete bridges using advanced computational
Fall 2018, October 14-18, 2018, in Las Vegas, NV, analysis and load testing methods. The following topics are
sponsored by ACI Committees 341, Earthquake-Resistant considered: advanced nonlinear modeling and nonlinear
Concrete Bridges; and 345, Concrete Bridge Construction, finite element analysis, structural versus element rating,
Maintenance, and Repair. determination of structure-specific reliability indices, load
Solicited: These sessions will emphasize recent advances testing beyond the service level, load testing to failure,
in the seismic analysis, design, and construction of concrete and use of continuous monitoring for detecting anomalies.
buildings and bridges. Presentations will encompass a variety Requirements: 1) presentation title; 2) author/speaker
of technical aspects such as the refined analysisand assessment name(s), title, organization, and contact information; and
techniques of concrete members subjected to seismic loading, 3) an abstract of up to 200 words. The Special Publication
will follow the ACI Publications Policy. Authors are
encouraged to consult the ACI Author Guidelines, which
describe the requirements for submission of manuscripts.
Calls for Papers: Submission Guidelines
Deadlines: Abstracts are due by February 12, 2018; final
Calls for papers should be submitted no later than 3 months prior to the
deadline for abstracts. Please send meeting information, papers/presentations papers are due by October 31, 2018.
being solicited, abstract requirements, and deadline, along with full contact Send to: Ben Dymond, University of Minnesota – Duluth,
information to: Keith A. Tosolt, Managing Editor, Concrete International, e-mail: dymond@d.umn.edu; and Bruno Massicotte,
e-mail: keith.tosolt@concrete.org. Visit www.callforpapers.concrete.org for
more information. Polytechnique Montréal, e-mail: bruno.massicotte@
polymtl.ca.

Sinopsis en español
Premios 2017 a la Concrete Society por la excelencia en el Aplicación de campo de concreto de desempeño ultra alto
concreto no patentado
Concrete International, V. 40, No. 1, enero de 2018, El-Tawil, S.; Tai, Y.-S.; y Belcher II, J.A., Concrete
págs. 25-29 International, V. 40, No. 1, enero de 2018, págs. 36-42
Los premios 2017 a la Concrete Society por la Excelencia en Investigadores de la University of Michigan, Ann Arbor,
Concreto se presentaron en Londres, Reino Unido. El ganador MI, desarrollaron mezclas de concreto de desempeño ultra
de 2017 fue Queensferry Crossing, Forth Replacement alto no patentados (UHPC por sus siglas en inglés) que
Crossing, Rosyth, Escocia, el puente atirantado de tres torres pueden fabricarse a partir de productos comerciales y no
más largo del mundo. Otros cinco proyectos también fueron requieren una colocación onerosa o procesos especiales de
reconocidos como altamente encomiados. curado. El material resultante tiene características de
desempeño similares, pero es sustancialmente menos costoso
Carreras hacia un futuro verde que las mezclas patentadas de UHPC.
Scott, A.; Carlos, J.; Remacka, J.; Paitich, S.; y Hoult, N., La reología del flujo de control de concreto
Concrete International, V. 40, No. 1, enero de 2018,
págs. 31-35 Burns, E.G.; Rieder, K.-A.; Curto, J.W.; y Tregger, N.,
Concrete International, V. 40, No. 1, enero de 2018,
Gran carrera norteña de tobogán de concreto es una págs. 43-49
competencia entre estudiantes de ingeniería de colegios y
universidades de Canadá y Estados Unidos. En 2017, el Una nueva familia de aditivos de polímeros de
equipo de Queen’s University, Kingston, Ontario, Canadá, policarboxilato permite la producción de concreto de flujo de
ganó el campeonato general y el premio al tobogán más control. El concreto de flujo de control se produce utilizando
sostenible con el tobogán de carreras de concreto de silicato proporciones de mezcla típicas del concreto convencional. Si
de magnesio autoconsolidante. bien tiene la misma resistencia a la segregación que el
concreto convencional, fluye más fácilmente y tiene una alta
capacidad de paso a través del refuerzo congestionado.
Get
Connected with
Visit www.concrete.org
Public
Discussion
The ACI draft standards open for public discussion that are being processed can be found at www.concrete.org/
discussion. These are not yet official ACI standards.
Open for
Document number Title Discussion closes
discussion
Code Requirements for the Design of Precast Concrete Diaphragms for

550 11/22/2017 1/6/2018
Earthquake Motions (ACI 550) and Commentary (ACI 550R)
Qualification of Precast Concrete Diaphragm Connections and

550.X Reinforcement at Joints for Earthquake Loading (ACI 550.X) and 11/22/2017 1/6/2018
Commentary (ACI 550.XR)
Proposed Standards
ACI 550, “Code Requirements for the Design of Precast Concrete Diaphragms for Earthquake
Motions (ACI 550) and Commentary (ACI 550R)”
The ACI Technical Activities Committee (TAC) approved processing the subject document through ACI’s Standardization
Procedure in October 2016, as did the ACI Standards Board in November 2017.
The document appears on the ACI website, www.concrete.org/discussion.
Pertinent discussion will be available on ACI’s website and announced in a future issue of Concrete International if received
no later than January 6, 2018. Comments should be e-mailed to discussion@concrete.org.
ACI 550.X, “Qualification of Precast Concrete Diaphragm Connections and Reinforcement at

Joints for Earthquake Loading (ACI 550.X) and Commentary (ACI 550.XR)”
The ACI Technical Activities Committee (TAC) approved processing the subject document through ACI’s Standardization
Procedure in October 2016, as did the ACI Standards Board in November 2017.
The document appears on the ACI website, www.concrete.org/discussion.
Pertinent discussion will be available on ACI’s website and announced in a future issue of Concrete International if received
no later than January 6, 2018. Comments should be e-mailed to discussion@concrete.org.
Code Case ACI 318-14 (1.4.7 and R1.4.7)

Background:
A letter was submitted to the ACI Technical Activities Committee from the Post-Tensioning Institute Advisory Board on
March 22, 2017, requesting clarification of the intent of Sections 1.4.7 and R1.4.7 with respect to the design of residential
post-tensioned slabs-on-ground on expansive soils. A Task Group of Terence Holland, Robert Frosch, and Steve Seguirant
was appointed by ACI 318 Chair Jack Moehle to review this request. Based on that review, this Code Interpretation was
developed, balloted, and approved by ACI 318.
Question:
The current language of ACI 318-14, 1.4.7 and R1.4.7, has provided the legal profession the opportunity to question
whether residential post-tensioned foundations on expansive soils must be designed in accordance with ACI 318. Is it the
intent of ACI 318 that residential post-tensioned foundations on expansive soils be excluded from ACI 318?
Interpretation:
Section 1.4.7 does not address foundations in general; it addresses only slabs-on-ground. Section 1.4.7 is not intended
to require residential post-tensioned slabs-on-ground on expansive soils be designed by ACI 318. It is for this reason that
the Commentary to 1.4.7 (R.1.4.7) cites PTI DC10.5-12—Standard Requirements for Design and Analysis of Shallow
Post-Tensioned Concrete Foundations of Expansive Soils. This reference has been in ACI 318 since the 2005 edition.
This interpretation on the applicability of ACI 318 to residential post-tensioned slabs-on-ground on expansive soils
applies to ACI 318-14 and to prior editions of ACI 318.

Meetings
JANUARY 2018 20-24 - 2018 PCI Convention and National Bridge
Conference, Denver, CO
7-11 - TRB 97th Annual Meeting, Washington, DC www.pci.org/PCI/News-Events/Event_Display.
www.trb.org/AnnualMeeting/AnnualMeeting.aspx aspx?EventKey=CONV18
8-11 - NIBS Building Innovation 2018, Washington, DC 22-24 - The Precast Show 2018, Denver, CO
www.nibs.org/?page=conference2018 http://precast.org/theprecastshow
9-11 - NAHB International Builders’ Show 2018, Orlando, FL MARCH

https://buildersshow.com
4-7 - 2018 NSSGA Annual Convention, Houston, TX
23-26 - World of Concrete 2018, Las Vegas, NV www.nssga.org/major-event/save-the-date-nssga-2018-annual-
www.worldofconcrete.com convention
FEBRUARY 5-10 - IFCEE 2018, Orlando, FL

www.ifcee2018.com
6-8 - 2018 NCMA Annual Convention, Indianapolis, IN
https://ncma.org/ncma-annual-convention 6-10 - 2018 CSDA Convention & Tech Fair, Maui, HI
www.csda.org/?page=Convention2018
7-8 - Canadian Concrete Expo, Toronto, ON, Canada
http://canadianconcreteexpo.com 11-13 - ASA 20th Anniversary Event: First ASA Shotcrete
Convention and Shotcrete Technology Conference, Napa, CA
9-10 - ICON Expo 2018, Indianapolis, IN www.shotcrete.org/pages/news-events/20thAnniversary.htm
http://iconexpo.org
19-21 - RILEM Spring Convention, Barcelona, Spain
9-13 - 2018 ICPI Annual Meeting, Indianapolis, IN www.rilem.net/agenda/1206
www.icpi.org/2018annualmeeting
24-27 - ACPA Annual Convention, San Diego, CA
www.concretepipe.org/event/acpa-annual-convention-3
THE CONCRETE CONVENTION AND APRIL

EXPOSITION: FUTURE DATES
3-6 - 4th Doctoral School LC3, Characterisation methods
2018 — March 25-29, Grand America & Little of blended cements, Lausanne, Switzerland
America, Salt Lake City, UT
www.lc3.ch/doctoralschool
2018 — October 14-18, Rio All-Suite Hotel &
Casino, Las Vegas, NV 5-7 - 2018 TMS Spring Meeting, New Orleans, LA
2019 — March 24-28, Quebec City Convention https://masonrysociety.org/meetings/2018-tms-spring-meeting
Centre and Hilton Quebec
Quebec City, QC, Canada 16-18 - Advances in Materials and Pavement Performance
2019 — October 20-24, Duke Energy Convention Prediction, Doha, Qatar
Center & Hyatt Regency Cincinnati www.am3p.com
Cincinnati, OH
For additional information, contact:

Event Services, ACI, 38800 Country Club Drive, ACI Industry Events Calendar:
For more information and a listing of additional upcoming events, visit
Farmington Hills, MI 48331
www.concrete.org/events/eventscalendar.aspx. To submit meeting
Telephone: +1.248.848.3795 information, e-mail Lacey Stachel, Editorial Coordinator, Concrete
www.concrete.org/events/conventions.aspx International, at lacey.stachel@concrete.org.

2018 ACI Membership Application
American Concrete Institute • 38800 Country Club Drive • Farmington Hills, MI 48331 • USA
Phone: +1.248.848.3800 • Fax: +1.248.848.3801 • Web: www.concrete.org
Please print or type all information requested below:

 Mr.  Mrs.  Ms.  Dr. Gender:  Female  Male
FIRST NAME_______________________________________ MIDDLE INITIAL___________ LAST NAME (SURNAME)______________________________________________________
EMPLOYER__________________________________________________________________ CORPORATE TITLE__________________________________________________________
E-MAIL ADDRESS____________________________________________________________ BIRTHDATE_________________________________________________________________
ADDRESS________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
CITY______________________________________________ STATE___________________ ZIP___________________ COUNTRY ____________________________________________
TELEPHONE_________________________________________________________________ FAX________________________________________________________________________
Categories of membership Included Subscriptions

Please select the desired category of membership and submit the appropriate dues described below. Your ACI membership includes a hard copy and
 ORGANIZATIONAL – $1060 PLUS APPLICABLE SHIPPING FEES online subscription to Concrete International and
Includes one set of the ACI Collection of Concrete Codes, Specificications and Practices (formerly MCP), digital access to the ACI Materials Journal and
a wall plaque, and a subscription to Concrete International and both ACI Materials and Structural Journals. ACI Structural Journal and ACI Guides & Reports.
ACI COLLECTION: – Select a format and include applicable shipping fee:
 Eight-volume Set – U.S. add $32 shipping fee; Canada and Mexico add $132 shipping Additional Periodical Options
fee; and all others, add $225 shipping fee To add subscriptions in hard copy: please check a
 USB – no additional shipping costs circle below and include an additional $49 ($54 for
 Online Subscription – no additional shipping costs individuals outside U.S. & Canada per title).
 INDIVIDUAL – $249/year  ACI Structural Journal, hard copy
Individuals 28 years old or above residing worldwide.  ACI Materials Journal, hard copy
 YOUNG PROFESSIONAL – $124/year Please allow up to 2 months for delivery outside the U.S.
Individuals under the age of 28 who do not qualify for student membership.
E-STUDENT – FREE Join at www.concrete.org/Membership/StudentMembership.aspx. Optional Online Subscriptions
Bundle your ACI membership with these optional
SUSTAINING MEMBERSHIP – ACI Sustaining Members receive all membership benefits of online subscriptions for additional ACI resources:
Organizational Members plus a free copy of every new ACI publication and increased corporate  Symposium Papers Subscription, $49
exposure, positioning them as a leader in the concrete industry, and much more. For complete details
 ACI Collection (formerly MCP), $235
or to join, visit www.concrete.org/membership/sustainingmembership.aspx or call +1.248.848.3800.
 ACI University Digital Subscription, $99
Profile Information (Select all that apply.)

Markets Occupations
 Design  Management  Inspector  Researcher
 Materials  Consultant  Craftsman  Educator
 Production  Engineer  Sales & Marketing  Student
 Construction  Architect  Association  Other __________
 Testing  Contractor Employee
 Repair  Technical Specialist  Government
 Owner  Quality Control Employee
Fees Payment CHECK NUMBER
Membership dues  CHECK payable to American Concrete Institute

$
$
Additional subscriptions  CREDIT CARD  Visa  MasterCard  American Express
Organizational six volume set
$ shipping fees
ACCOUNT NUMBER EXPIRATION DATE SECURITY CODE
$ For Journals, Canadian residents

add 5% GST (#126213149RT)
NAME (AS APPEARS ON CREDIT CARD)
$ TOTAL (U.S. Funds Only)
BILLING ADDRESS FOR CREDIT CARD
Code: CI
What’s
New from
TECHNICAL DOCUMENTS 3. Recognize strategies for successful performance mixture
development programs.
ACI 369.1-17: Standard Requirements for 4. Summarize concrete performance requirements for
Seismic Evaluation and Retrofit of Existing shrinkage, freezing-and-thawing resistance, alkali-silica
Concrete Buildings (ACI 369.1-17) and reactivity, and chloride penetration resistance.
Commentary
This standard provides retrofit and rehabilitation criteria for Continuing Education Credit: 0.1 CEU (1 PDH)
reinforced concrete buildings based on results from the most
recent research on the seismic performance of existing On-Demand Course: Selecting the Right
concrete buildings. Service Life Prediction Approach
Learning Objectives
ACI UNIVERSITY ONLINE COURSES 1. Recognize the importance of service life prediction
approaches in the design process.
On-Demand Course: Performance Engineered 2. Describe the different general service life prediction
Concrete Mixtures approaches that are available in the industry.
Learning Objectives 3. Summarize the advantages and disadvantages of different
1. Identify key characteristics necessary for the successful service life prediction approaches.
implementation of performance-related specifications for 4. Evaluate different service life prediction approaches for
concrete mixtures. selecting the appropriate approach for a specific project.
2. Describe new test methods that are available and may be
implemented in future specifications and how to properly Continuing Education Credit: 0.1 CEU (1 PDH)
specify new methods and acceptance criteria.
Bulletin Advertisers’
Board Index
CI ADVERTISING
Available classified sections: Positions Wanted, Positions
Available, Used Equipment, Business Opportunities, Education, For more information, contact:
and Positions Vacant. Meredith Schwartz, Account Executive
Network Media Partners +1.410.584.8487
Professional Services Section (3-1/2 x 2 in.): $280 (1×);
E-mail: mschwartz@networkmediapartners.com
$250 (3×); $230 (6×); $210 (9×); $190 (12×).
Classified Rates for Concrete International: $100 for first BASF...........................................................................................................8
50 words and $2 for each additional word over 50. Computers & Structures, Inc. .....................................................Back Cover
Print Classified ad deadlines: All ads need to be reserved Cortec Corporation.......................................................................................9
2 months ahead of issue in which ad will appear. Decon USA Inc..........................................................................................24
Online Classified ad deadlines: Ads post on the 1st and 15th of Headed Reinforcement Corporation (HRC).............................................. 11
every month and will run for one month. If you want your ICC Evaluation Service, LLC....................................................................19
classified ad to appear on the first of the month, contracts and
Oztec Industries, Inc..................................................................................15
text are due on the 25th of the month prior to appearance; if you
want your ad to appear on the 15th of the month, contracts and Peri Formwork Systems, Inc........................................................................2
text are due by the 10th of the month that your ad will appear. Simpson Strong-Tie.....................................................................................1
Contact Meredith Schwartz at +1.410.584.8487 for deadlines StructurePoint..................................................................Inside Front Cover
and additional information. Xypex Chemical Corporation......................................................................6

Concrete
Q&A
Epoxy-Coated
Reinforcement and Cover
Depth Against Ground
Q. “The 3 in. minimum cover
Table 20.6.1.3.1 of ACI 318-141 requires that
concrete cast against and permanently in contact
with ground has 3 in. (76 mm) specified cover
over reinforcement. Can this cover be reduced if the
requirement for concrete cast
reinforcement is epoxy coated? against and permanently
in contact with ground
A.
The 3 in. minimum cover requirement for concrete
cast against and permanently in contact with
ground is partially a corrosion issue, but mainly is partially a corrosion
concerns constructability issues for these elements. Footings,
retaining walls, grade beams, and uncased caissons (drilled issue, but mainly concerns
shafts) are examples of elements where this cover requirement
is likely applicable. From a historical perspective, the 3 in.
constructability issues …”
cover requirement was added to the 1920 Code,2 and this
respondent believes it has several subtle conditions contained into the base during concrete placement; this would reduce
in this cover dimension. the cover from 3 in. As MacGregor notes, sometimes the
MacGregor3 notes the 3 in. cover allows for small bottom of a footing excavation is covered with a lean
irregularities in the excavation surface and “for potential concrete seal coat (mud slab) to prevent the bottom
contamination of the bottom layer of concrete with soil.” from becoming uneven after rainstorms and to provide
Consider the following practical issues: a leveling surface for placing reinforcement. Some
•• The cut surface of the soil excavation will have an
amplitude, as it is not a near-perfect plane like formwork.
contractors achieve this with a gravel leveling course.
Considering the practical construction issues noted herein
This amplitude may vary an inch or two, and the 3 in. for an excavation, concrete cover is provided for corrosion
cover would be measured as an average to several protection to reinforcement; the fireproofing reasons for cover
reference points on the cut soil surface. If the excavation are probably not applicable for these buried elements. There
remains open for a period of time before concrete is no explicit provision in the Code addressing a cover depth
placement, rain or foot traffic can erode/damage the cut reduction over epoxy-coated reinforcement. Commentary
soil surface and cause the soil to become uneven, thus Provision R20.6.1.1 of ACI 318-14 states: “Alternative
further affecting the cover. Given this, the minimum cover methods of protecting the reinforcement from weather may
may be in the 1-1/2 to 2 in. (38 to 51 mm) range, even be provided if they are equivalent to the additional concrete
though the average is about 3 in.; cover required by the Code. When approved by the building
•• Depending on how loose or consolidated the soil surface is official under the provisions of 1.10, reinforcement with
at the time of placement, some of the soil may mix with the alternative protection from weather may not have concrete
concrete at the bottom or side interface. This concrete may cover less than the cover required for reinforcement not
not be as durable or suitable as the concrete located further exposed to weather.”
in the element. Thus the effective cover, discounting the
contaminated, near-interface concrete, may only be 1-1/2 Questions in this column were asked by users of ACI documents and have
to 2 in. actual. The 3 in. cover allows for this; and been answered by ACI staff or by a member or members of ACI technical
•• If the base (horizontal) surface of the excavation gets soft committees. The answers do not represent the official position of an ACI
committee. Comments should be sent to rex.donahey@concrete.org.
with rain or melted snow, the bar supports could be forced

Concrete Q&A
Therefore, a reduction in cover depth to “not less than that concrete cover will be highly variable. In such cases, the
required for reinforcement not exposed to weather” may be cover may end up in the 1-1/2 to 2 in. range. Epoxy-coated
approved by the building official following Section 1.10.1. reinforcement would help your situation, but for practical
This means the building official will likely want to see some reasons, I would be cautious in reducing the cover to less
documentation to support a reduction in depth of cover. than 3 in.
Methods of achieving this waiver usually consist of a sealer or
membrane on the concrete surface (not applicable for a soil References
cast surface), using reinforcement with corrosion resistance 1. ACI Committee 318, “Building Code Requirements for Structural
better than uncoated, carbon-steel bars, using less permeable Concrete (ACI 318-14) and Commentary (ACI 318R-14),” American
concrete, or some combination of these. Concrete Institute, Farmington Hills, MI, 2014, 519 pp.
In addition, per Commentary Provision R20.6.1.1 of ACI 2. Standard Specifications No. 23, “Standard Building Regulations
318-14: “Development length provisions given in Chapter 25 for the Use of Reinforced Concrete,” American Concrete Institute,
are a function of cover over the reinforcement. To meet Farmington Hills, MI, 1920, pp. 283-302.
requirements for development length, it may be necessary to 3. MacGregor, J.G., Reinforced Concrete: Mechanics and Design,
use cover greater than the minimums specified in 20.6.1.” third edition, Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ, 1997, 939 pp.
This would be a consideration in a retaining wall, strip
footing, or grade beam. Thanks to Neal Anderson, Simpson Gumpertz & Heger, Chicago, IL,
Because of the aforementioned practical aspects of Chair of ACI Subcommittee 318-B, Anchorage and Reinforcement, for
casting concrete against an excavation, it is a given the providing the answer.
Concrete Repair Code Requirements

and Project Examples
ACI 562-16 is the first code
specifically for repairing
reinforced concrete. The
companion publication, “Guide
to the Code for Assessment,
Repair, and Rehabilitation of
Existing Concrete Structures,”
includes chapter guides and
project examples.
Looking for more on ACI 562-16? ACI has produced a series of on-demand courses that
review the process behind the ACI 562 repair code and showcase several project examples.
www.concrete.org/ACI562   

January 23-26, 2018 | Las Vegas, Nevada, USA
Visit www.concrete.org
to register
Learn more about
ACI’s publications,
education, and
certification.
Other features:
• Talk to industry experts
• Dedicated contractor’s section
• Membership discounts
• Recursos en español
+1.248.848.3800 | www.concrete.org | |

Ci Vol40no1

Diunggah oleh

Informasi Dokumen

Hak Cipta

Format Tersedia

Bagikan dokumen Ini

Bagikan atau Tanam Dokumen

Opsi Berbagi

Apakah menurut Anda dokumen ini bermanfaat?

Apakah konten ini tidak pantas?

Hak Cipta:

Format Tersedia

Ci Vol40no1

Diunggah oleh

Hak Cipta:

Format Tersedia

JANUARY 2018 V. 40 No.

Repair, protect and strengthen concrete and masonry structures in

To learn more visit go.strongtie.com/frcm or call (800) 999-5099.

© 2018 Simpson Strong-Tie Company Inc. FRCM17E

ADMIXTURES & CEMENTITIOUS MATERIALS

31 Racing Towards a Green Future

36 Field Application of Nonproprietary Ultra-High-

43 The Rheology of Control Flow Concrete

25 2017 Concrete Society Awards for Excellence in Concrete

4 JANUARY 2018 | Ci | www.concreteinternational.com

www.concreteinternational.com | Ci | JANUARY 2018 5

Second Orinoco River Bridge

XYPEX integral crystalline technology waterproofs concrete foundation structures

Call 1.800.961.4477 or visit us at xypex.com

www.concreteinternational.com | Ci | JANUARY 2018 7

…that’s Chemistry At Work.

Introducing MasterFiber® MAC 360 FF Hybrid Fiber

ACI Partners with The Big 5 Heavy Show

www.concreteinternational.com | Ci | JANUARY 2018 9

Concrete and Materials, Anchorage Design, and Repair

10 JANUARY 2018 | Ci | www.concreteinternational.com

www.concreteinternational.com | Ci | JANUARY 2018 11

The American Society of Concrete

Please contact Barrier One by

SDC Technology Forum 43 to be held

Global • Certificate programs and online webinars.

Online • Topics include concrete materials, design,

14 JANUARY 2018 | Ci | www.concreteinternational.com

16 JANUARY 2018 | Ci | www.concreteinternational.com

“Report on Foundations for Dynamic

Abstract: This report presents to industry practitioners the

www.concreteinternational.com | Ci | JANUARY 2018 17

Gajda D’Ambrosia Poole Gate Precast Co. named ACI member

18 JANUARY 2018 | Ci | www.concreteinternational.com

Do You Need Your New Concrete & Masonry

Look no further than ICC-ES®

John Conn, ACI Director of Chapter Activities (right), presented ACI

20 JANUARY 2018 | Ci | www.concreteinternational.com

www.concreteinternational.com | Ci | JANUARY 2018 21

Iraq Chapter – ACI Represented

22 JANUARY 2018 | Ci | www.concreteinternational.com

www.concreteinternational.com | Ci | JANUARY 2018 23

“JORDAHL® anchor channels now

JORDAHL® anchor channels for structural connections

DECON USA INC.

The Queensferry Crossing

www.concreteinternational.com | Ci | JANUARY 2018 25

London Bridge Station

26 JANUARY 2018 | Ci | www.concreteinternational.com

FREE Education Resources

Milford-on-Sea Beach Huts

28 JANUARY 2018 | Ci | www.concreteinternational.com

V&A Museum of Design (photo courtesy of Ross

www.concreteinternational.com | Ci | JANUARY 2018 29

March 26-27, 2018, Dubai, UAE

The American Concrete Institute will host the Concrete Essentials

For more information on how to participate in the

www.concreteinternational.com | Ci | JANUARY 2018 31

32 JANUARY 2018 | Ci | www.concreteinternational.com

ACI PHYSICAL TESTING

ASTM C109 – Compressive Strength ASTM C191 – Vicat Time of Setting

Details can be found at

www.concreteinternational.com | Ci | JANUARY 2018 33

34 JANUARY 2018 | Ci | www.concreteinternational.com

FIRST NAME_________________________________ MIDDLE INITIAL_ LAST NAME (SURNAME)__________________________________________________

EMPLOYER________ CORPORATE TITLE

E-MAIL ADDRESS BIRTHDATE_____

CITY____________________________________ STATE_ ZIP_ COUNTRY __________________________________