Hep B Dan C Diseminasi Copy Kemkes 2014
Hep B Dan C Diseminasi Copy Kemkes 2014
Prevensi Hyg -San Alat medis, Alat medis Alat medis Hyg san
seleksi selesksi selesksi
donor dll donor dll donor dll
HBV
HCV
HDV
Hepatocellula
r carcinoma
1. WHO. Hepatitis B. 2012 (fact sheet noi240). 2. Maynard JE, et al. In: Viral Hepatitis and Liver Disease.
New York: Alan R. Liss, Inc. 1988. 3. CDC. Epidemiology & prevention of vaccine-preventable diseases.
The Pink Book. 8th ed. 4. CDC. MMWR. 2001;50:RR-11.
HBV :Siklus hidup virus
dan penanda virus
Schematic Representation of HBV
Outer lipoprotein
envelope containing
Inner protein HB surface antigen
core (HBcAg)
HBsAg
HBeAg
HBV : Siklus Hidup
Infeksi Hepatitis B Kronis
Torbenson M, Thomas DL; Lancet Infect Dis 2002; 2:479-86
Infeksi Hepatitis B Akut
5 Fase Klinis Hepatitis B Kronis
EASL , 2012
Immune Immune Inactive Reacvitation HBsAg
Tolerance Clearance HBsAg (HBeAg- negative
HBeAg+ Carrier CHB, phase
CHB Precore
Mutant)
HBsAg + + + + -
HBeAg + + – – -
Anti-HBe – – + + +
< 1%
30–90% < 5%
Fulminant
hepatitis
Chronic infection 1*
Inactive
Mild, moderate or severe chronic hepatitis
carrier state
2–10*
5–50
years Cirrhosis
0.1*
4* 3* 2–8*
Pengidap Inaktif
1.HBsAg seropositif > 6 bulan
2.HBeAg (-), anti HBe (+)
3.ALT serum dalam batas normal
4.DNA VHB <2000-20000 IU/mL
5.Biopsi hati yang tidak menunjukkan
inflamasi yang dominan
Kriteria Diagnosis Infeksi VHB
Resolved Hepatitis Infection
1.Riwayat infeksi Hepatitis B, atau adanya
anti-HBc dalam darah
2.HBsAg (-)
3.DNA VHB serum yang tidak terdeteksi
4.ALT serum dalam batas normal
Tujuan pengobatan Hep B kronis
• Jangka panjang mencegah terjadinya Sirosis ,
Kanker hati, kematian) dengan mensupresi terus
menerus HBV DNA
• Tujuan jangka panjang dan praktis klinis :
– Menurunkan kadar HBV DNA darah sampai kadar
teerendah atau tidak dapat terdeteksi lagi1
– Menurunkan /menormalkan kadar ALT
– Menghilangkan HBeAg dan atau serokonversi
– Menghilangka HBsAg dan atau serokonversi !!
– Perbaikan jaringan hati2
1Primary goal of therapy
2Clinical trials only; not routinely assessed in practice
EASL 2012[1] > 2000 > ULN† > 2000 > ULN†
> 2 x ULN or
> 2 x ULN or
Ina ASL 2012[4] >2 x 104 >2 x 103 (+) biopsy
(+) biopsy
(age and etc)
* (age and etc)
38
“Approved” Anti-HBV Agents
Tahun dimulai
Pem Rekomendasi dosis
Nama obat dipakai
berian
Dewasa
Interferon 5 MU daily or
SC 1992
alfa 10 MU 3 x per minggu
0.5 mg QD (no
previous LAM)
Entecavir PO
1.0 mg QD (if
2005 ,
refr/resist to LAM)*
HBeAG-positive
At week 48 or 52
Histology improved 49 - 62 53 - 68 72 65 74 38 41 25
Undetectable HBV DNA 40 - 44 21 67 60 76 25 69 0 - 16
NA 39 94 79 72 13 26
Undetectable HBV DNA (5) (3) NA
(5) (4) (4.5) (4.5)
HBeAG-negative
At week 48 or 52
Histology improved 60 - 66 64 - 69 70 67 72 48 38 33
Undetectable HBV DNA 60 - 73 51 90 88 93 63 87 0
Summary of Resistance Profiles in
Nucleoside-naive Patients
100 Genotypic resistance to LVD2 100 Genotypic resistance to ADV3
HBeAg(+) patients
Cumulative probability
HBeAg(-) patients
80 71 80
of resistance (%)
resistance (%)
Prevalence of
65
60 55 60
46
40 40 29
23
18
20 20 11
0 3
0 0
1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5
Year of treatment Year of treatment
100 100 Genotypic
Viral rebound with genotypic
Cumulative Probability
resistance to ETV1
Cumulative incidence
resistance to LdT4,5
of Resistance (%)
of resistance (%)
80 80
HBeAg(+) HBeAg(-) HBeAg(+) and (-) patients
60 60
40 40
22
20 20
4 9
3 <1% <1% 1% 1%
0 0
1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5
Year of treatment Year of treatment
1. Colonno RJ, et al. EASL, 2007, Barcelona, Spain. 2. Lok AS, et al. Gastroenterology 2003;125:1714-22. 3. Borroto-Esoda K. J Hepatol 2006;44(Suppl
2):S179–180(Poster 483). 4. Standrigg DN, et al. J Hepatol 2006;44(suppl 2):S191(Poster 514). 5. Lai CL, et al. Hepatology 2006;44(Suppl 1):222A (Oral 91).
Potential Consequences of Antiviral Drug
Resistance in Chronic Hepatitis B
Outcome Description
Virologic Reduced HBeAg seroconversion rates[1]
Virologic breakthrough and rebound[2]
Biochemical Biochemical breakthrough[2]
Histologic Histologic progression of disease[2,3]
Clinical Hepatic flare and decompensation[4,5]
Increased recurrence post liver transplantation[6]
Public health Development of multidrug-resistant HBV population
Transmission of drug-resistant HBV[7]
Alteration in HBsAg potentially leading to vaccine failure[8]