5
International Journal of Computer Applications (0975 – 8887)
International Conference on Quality Up-gradation in Engineering, Science and Technology (ICQUEST2015)
with two outrigger and belt system. Result indicate that the 3.2 Design load
method has the capability to capture influence of different Table 1: Design Loads
tributary areas, shear wall of outrigger and belt system as well
as the geometric complicity of the building.Tsu-Te Huang, Types of Load Symbol Loads
Rodney A. Stewart, Jeung-Hwan Doh,Dennis Song (2007) [5] Frame self-Weight SW -
This research aims to develop a robust possibility-based
differential shortening prediction framework, and associated Slab self-weight DS 3.75 kN/m2
risk distribution profiles, which overcomes the deficiencies in Finishing and wall load WL 1.5 kN/m2
the current models for predicting axial column shortening in
reinforced concrete high rise buildings. O. Esmaili,S. Live Load LL 2.5 kN/m2
Epackachi, M. Samadzad and S.R. Mirghaderi (2008) [6] In
this paper they research the Structural aspect of the one of the 3.3 Construction Sequence
tallest RC building, located in the high seismic zone, with 56 During the construction stages (please refer to table 2 and
stories. Some especial aspects of the tower and the assessment figure 3), after the core walls are constructed on the 4th story
of its seismic load bearing system with considering some (after construction of three preceding stories is completed
important factors will be discussed in this paper. Bazant and through a 5 day cycle), the girder, column, and slab
Z.P (1978) [7] Have shown that CEB-FIP updated 1999 construction is initiated at the same time. During the
model is better than ACI 209R model. Also, Ghodousi et al. construction of the 21st story, the interior finishing for the
(2009) presented an experimental study to compare various floor is initiated, starting from the 1st story, in a 5 day cycle.
prediction models and recommended that CEB-FIP updated It is assumed that the live loads applied to the structure reach
1999 model (FIB 1999) is simple and easy to apply. 100% loading 90 days after the completion of construction.
F.Mola,L.M.pellegrini (2010) [8] The problem of long time
column shortening will be discussed, then approximate Table 2: Construction Sequence
solution will be derived and applied with reference to the case
study of palazzo lambardia, at present the tallest building in Total
Italy. Shieh, cang&jong (2010) [9] Column of Taipei 101
Tower, Which is the second highest building in the world, was Element Duration Constr
Stage
designed and construction in steel box section filled with high Stage Group uction
Load Descri
strength concrete. The composite action between concrete and (days)
ption
steel plates of the steel section impacts on elastic, creep and Period
shrinkage strain and hence this impact was incorporated into (days)
the design procedure. HN Praveen Moragaspitiya (2011) [10]
Develop a numerical method incorporating time dependent
parameter to predict during design the axial shortening of
1ST
column and core shear wall components of concrete building SW/D
that will occur during construction and service life. Develop a #CS1 FL. 5 5
S
post construction monitoring procedures that incorporate time Core
dependent behavior to quantify axial shortening using ambient
2nd
measurement of vibration characteristics. SW/D
#CS2 FL. 5 10
S
3. MODEL SUMMERY Core
3.1 Structural System 3rd
The structural system, as shown in figure 1, is a 40-story SW/D
#CS3 FL. 5 15
building constructed with core walls and perimeter RC S
columns & RC girders. In order to evaluate the influence that Core
gravity has on the displacements of a vertical member, and the
4th 1ST
member forces of horizontal members, the member sections SW/D
#CS4 FL. FL. 5 20
are selected according to the dead load and the live load. The S
Core Core
typical plan view of a story as shown in figure 1.
5th 2nd
SW/D
#CS5 FL. FL. 5 25
S
Core Core
6th 3rd
SW/D
#CS6 FL. FL. 5 30
S
Core Core
7th 4th
SW/D
#CS7 FL. FL. 5 35
S
Core Core
…… ……
…… …… …… ……
… …
Figure 1: Typical Story Plan View
#CS2 21st 18th SW/D 1st
5 105
1 FL. FL. S/WL FL.
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International Journal of Computer Applications (0975 – 8887)
International Conference on Quality Up-gradation in Engineering, Science and Technology (ICQUEST2015)
Core Core Int.
Finishi
ng
1st
22nd 19th FL.
#CS2 SW/D
FL. FL. 5 110 Int.
2 S/WL
Core Core Finishi
ng
…… ……
…… …… …… ……
… …
20th
40th 37th FL.
#CS4 SW/D
FL. FL. 5 200 Int.
0 S/WL
Core Core Finishi
ng
21st
38th FL.
#CS4 SW/D
FL. 5 205 Int.
1 S/WL
Core Finishi
ng
22nd
39th FL.
#CS4 SW/D
FL. 5 210 Int.
2 S/WL
Core Finishi
ng
23rd
40th FL.
#CS4 SW/D
FL. 5 215 Int.
3 S/WL
Core Finishi
ng
24-40
FL.
#CS4
WL 85 300 Int.
4
Finishi
ng
#CS4
90 390
5
#CS4 Live
LL 260 650
6 Load
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International Journal of Computer Applications (0975 – 8887)
International Conference on Quality Up-gradation in Engineering, Science and Technology (ICQUEST2015)
t − τ 0.6
ϕ t, τ = ϕ∗ (τ)
10 + t − τ 0.6
Table 3: Concrete material properties
Comp. V/S
Humidity Slump Slump Aggregate Air Cement
Column Strength Ratio Code
(%) (cm) (cm) (%) (%) (kg/m3)
(N/mm2) (mm)
C1
50 55 12 60 60 4.5 45 300 ACI
(1~5th)
C1
50 55 12 60 60 4.5 45 275 ACI
(6~10th)
C1
40 55 12 60 60 4.5 38 250 ACI
(11~15th)
C1
40 55 12 60 60 4.5 38 225 ACI
(16~20th)
C1
35 55 12 60 60 4.5 35 200 ACI
(21~25th)
C1
35 55 12 60 60 4.5 35 175 ACI
(26~30th)
C1
30 55 12 60 60 4.5 32 150 ACI
(31~35th)
C1
30 55 12 60 60 4.5 32 125 ACI
(36~40th)
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International Journal of Computer Applications (0975 – 8887)
International Conference on Quality Up-gradation in Engineering, Science and Technology (ICQUEST2015)
C2
50 55 12 60 60 4.5 45 225 ACI
(1~10th)
C2
40 55 12 60 60 4.5 38 200 ACI
(11~20th)
C2
35 55 12 60 60 4.5 35 175 ACI
(21~30th)
C2
40 55 12 60 60 4.5 32 150 ACI
(31~40th)
Wall
50 55 12 60 60 4.5 45 266 ACI
(1~10th)
Wall
40 55 12 60 60 4.5 38 266 ACI
(11~20th)
Wall
35 55 12 60 60 4.5 35 226 ACI
(21~30th)
Wall
30 55 12 60 60 4.5 32 226 ACI
(31~40th)
4. RESULT AND DISCUSSION Deformation after 650 days, which is 260 days after applying
The elastic deformation and deformations due to creep and the live loads, is calculated. Disparity may occur depending
shrinkage of an actual structure cannot be physically isolated; on the magnitudes of the live loads assumed for shortening
but, for the purpose of analysis, they are separately calculated. calculation. In this case, 100% of the design live loads is
The observation points for the shortening of vertical members applied. From the analysis results, deformations due to the
re selected at a column and a wall, highlighted in figure 3. creep and shrinkage effects, as shown in table 4 and table 5,
contribute to 61.7~73.6% of the total deformations of the
column and 70.1~83.1% of the total deformations of the wall.
Deformation after 650 days, which is 260 days after applying
the live loads, is calculated. Disparity may occur depending
on the magnitudes of the live loads assumed for shortening
calculation. In this case, 100% of the design live loads is
applied. From the analysis results, deformations due to the
creep and shrinkage effects, as shown in table 4 and table 5,
contribute to 61.7~73.6% of the total deformations of the
column and 70.1~83.1% of the total deformations of the wall.
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International Journal of Computer Applications (0975 – 8887)
International Conference on Quality Up-gradation in Engineering, Science and Technology (ICQUEST2015)
walls by 1.5~4 times more than the displacements with no
creep and shrinkage effects. Observing the differential
shortening, displacements due to creep and shrinkage are less
influential at the stories 1 to 16, and more pronounced at the
stories above the 16th story, also shown in figure 9. The
higher the story, therefore, the more likely that differential
shortening will be dominated by displacements due to creep
and shrinkage.
Table 5: Comparison between Differential Shortening
Amounts at the 28th Story
Construction stage Analysis
Conventional
Analysis
Elastic S&C Total
Differential
Shortening 20.1 mm 13.1 mm 15.5 mm 28.6 mm
Amount
Figure 4: Distribution of the Vertical Displacements of Ratio(%) 70.4 45.7 54.3 100
Column by Stories
Column Column Column Column
Comparison
>Wall >Wall >Wall >Wall
5. CONCLUSION
The construction stage analysis reflecting deformations due to
creep and shrinkage of the 40-story reinforced concrete
structure consisting of core walls and exterior frame shows
the following effects:
The proportion of the deformations due to creep and
shrinkage that contribute to the total amount of
deformations is 61.7~73.6% for the column, and
70.1~83.1% for the shear wall. Therefor for
concrete buildings, deformations due to the creep
and shrinkage must be considered.
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International Journal of Computer Applications (0975 – 8887)
International Conference on Quality Up-gradation in Engineering, Science and Technology (ICQUEST2015)
differential column shortening using a possibility theory [9] Shieh, cang&jong, Structural design of composite super-
approach, Fourth international conference on columns for the Taipei 101 tower, Second Conference on
construction in the 21st century(CITC-IV), 2007. Structural Steel Technology for Taiwan Strait Region.
2010.
[6] O. Esmaili,S. Epackachi, M. Samadzad and S.R.
Mirghaderi, “Estimation of long term vertical shortening [10] HN Praveen Moragaspitiya, “A numerical method to
of tall structure, Concrete Solution 09 paper 6b, 2008 quantify differential axial shortening in concrete
buildings”, journal of engineering structure, 2010 vol. 32
[7] Bazant and Z.P, “Practical predication of time dependent Iss. 8,pp 2310-2317.
deformations of concrete”, Material and structures, part I
and II, Vol. 11, No 65 pp. 307-328; part III and IV, 1978 [11] ACI Committee 209, “prediction of Creep, shrinkage,
and Temperature effect in concrete structure (ACI 209R-
[8] F. Mola, L. M. pellegrini, Effect of column shortening in 92),” American concrete institute, Farmington hills,
tall RC buildings, 35th conference on our world in Mich.,1992, 47pp.
concrete & structures, 2010
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