Coverage
Course objectives
Course methodology
Class policies
Grading system:
25% - Recitation
35% - Midterm Exam
35% - Final Exam
5% - Attendance
Passing grade- 60%
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THE BILL OF RIGHTS
I. INTRODUCTION
Definition and Hierarchy of rights under the Bill of Rights (Doctrine of Preferred Freedom)
Phil. Blooming Mills Employees vs. Philippine Blooming Mills Co. 50 SCRA 189 (1990)
Ermita Malate Hotel and Motel Operators vs. City of Manila 20 SCRA 849 (1967)
Morfe vs. Mutuc, 22 SCRA 424 (1968)
Social Justice Society vs. Atienza, 545 SCRA 92 (2007) and 545 SCRA 92 (2008)
Diocese of Bacolod vs. COMELEC, G.R. No. 205728, January 21, 2015
1 Utak vs. Comelec, G.R. No. 206020, April 14, 2015
a. Police power
Cases: City of Manila vs. Chinese Community of Manila, G.R. No. 14355, October 31 1919
People vs. Fajardo, G.R. No. L-12172, August 29, 1958
Republic vs PLDT, 26 SCRA 620 (1969)
Amigable vs. Cuenca, 43 SCRA 360 (1972)
Republic vs. Vda de Castelvii 58 SCRA 336 (1974)
De Knecht vs. Baustista,100 SCRA 660 (1980)
Sumulong vs. Guerrero, 154 SCRA 461(1987)
EPZA vs. Dulay, 149 SCRA 305 (1987)
Philippine Press Institute vs COMELEC, 314 Phil. 131 (1995).
Manosca vs Court of Appeals, 252 SCRA 412 (1996)
Municipality of Paranaque vs. VM Realty Corporation, 292 SCRA 678 (1998)
Dipidio Earth Savers vs. Gozun, 485 SCRA 587 (2006)
Manapat vs. Court of Appeals, 536 SCRA 32 (2007)
OSG vs. Ayala Land Inc., 600 SCRA 617 (2009)
Republic of the Philippines vs Ortigas and Company 717 SCRA 601 (2014)
Republic vs. Heirs of Borbon, G.R. No. 165354, January 12, 2015
c. Power of taxation
Cases: Punzalan vs Municipal Board of Manila, G.R. No. L-4817, May 26, 1954
Pascual vs. Secretary, 110 Phil 331 (1960)
Tolentino vs. Lladoc vs CIR, G.R. No. L-19201, June 16,1965
Abra Valley vs. Aquino, G.R. No. L-39086, June 15, 1988
Secretary of Finance, 235 SCRA 630 (1994)
Tan vs. Del Rosario, 237 SCRA 324 (1994)
John Hay PAC vs. Lim, 414 SCRA 356 (2003)
Lung Center vs. Quezon City, 433 SCRA 119 (2004)
Commissioner of Internal Revenue vs. Eastern Telecommunications 624 SCRA 340 (2010)
Gulf Air Company vs. Commissioner of Internal Revenue, 681 SCRA 377 (2012)
Smart Communications vs. Municipality of Malvar, 716 SCRA 677 (2014)
Commissioner of Internal Revenue vs. Stanley Works Sales December 3, 2014
a. Meaning
i. Right to life
Burgos vs. Arroyo, G.R. No.183711, June 22, 2010
Balao vs. Arroyo, G.R. No.186050 December 13, 2011
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In re: Rodriguez vs. Arroyo, G.R. No. 191805, November 15, 2011
Araullo vs. Aquino, G.R. No. 209287, July 1, 2014
iv. Exclusions
Cornejo v. Gabriel, 41 Phil.188 (1920)
Pedro vs. Rizal, G.R. No. 34163 (1931)
Aparri vs. Court of Appeals 127 SCRA 231 (1984)
Crespo vs. Provincial Board, 16 SCRA 66 (1988)
Oposa v. Factoran Jr., 224 SCRA 792 (1993)
Libanan vs. Sandiganbayan, 233 SCRA 163 (1994)
JMM Promotion vs. Court of Appeals, 260 SCRA 319 (1996)
Republic vs. Rosemoor Mining, 426 SCRA 517 (2004)
Preventive suspension
Layno vs. Sandiganbayan, 136 SCRA 536 (1985)
Deloso vs. Sandiganbayan, 173 SCRA 409 (1989)
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iii. Protected interests in Property
a. "Regulation" under Due Process Clause vs. "Taking" of Property via the power of
Eminent Domain
Constitution Art. III, Sec. 9
R. A. No. 8974, Villar Law on the Zoning Value of Land
b. "Taking" under Eminent Domain vs. "Taking" under the Social Justice Clause
iv. "New" Substantive Due Process: Protection for "Liberty" interests in Privacy
US Cases
Olmstead vs. US (Brandeis Dissent), 277 US 438
Skinner vs. Oklahoma, 316 US 535 (1942)
Griswold vs. Connecticut, 381 US 479 (1965)
Eisenstadt vs. Baird, 405 US 438
Poe vs. Ullman, 367 US 479
Roe vs. Wade, 410 US 113 (1973)
Bowers vs. Hardwick, 106 S. Ct. 2841 (1986)
Lawrence vs. Texas, 02-0102 (26 June 2003)
Philippine Cases
Ople vs. Torres, 141 SCRA 293 (1998)
Bayan Muna vs. Ermita, G.R. No.167930 (2006)
Duncan Assoc. vs. Glaxo Welcome, 438 SCRA 343 (2004)
David vs. Arroyo, 489 SCRA 160 (2006)
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vi. Due process in Labor Cases
Philippine Cases
People vs. Cayat, 68 Phil 12 (1939)
Himagan vs. People of the Philippines, 237 SCRA 538 (1994)
International School Alliance vs. Quisumbing, 33 SCRA 14 (2000)
Garcia vs. Drilon, 699 SCRA 352 (2013)
Dumlao vs. COMELEC, 96 SCRA 392 (1980)
Villegas vs. Hiu Chiong Tsai Pao Ho, 86 SCRA 272 (1978)
Ormoc Sugar Central vs. Ormoc City, G.R. No. L-23794 , February 17, 1968
Philippine Judges Association vs. Prado, 227 SCRA 703 (1993)
Biraogo vs. Truth Commission, 637 SCRA 78 (2010)
Quinto v. COMELEC, G.R. No. 189698, Dec. 1, 2009 and Feb. 22, 2010
League of Cities vs. COMELEC, G.R. No.176951, 12 April 2011
Pichay vs. ODESLA, G.R. No. 181973 April 17, 2013
Remman Enterprises vs. Professional Regulatory board of Real Estate, 715 SCRA 293 (2014)
Freedom of Speech
Gitlow vs. New York, 268 US 652 (1925)
Chavez vs. Gonzales, 545 SCRA 441 (2008)
Diocese of Bacolod vs. COMELEC, G.R. No. 205728, January 21, 2015
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Facial challenge/overbreadth doctrine
Romualdez vs. Sandiganbayan, 435 SCRA 371 (2004)
Romualdez vs. COMELEC, 553 SCRA 370 (2008)
Romualdez vs. COMELEC, 573 SCRA 639 (2008)
Modes of Expression
Fermin vs. People, 550 SCRA 132 (2008)
Tulfo vs. People, 565 SCRA 283 (2008)
Prior restraint
Near vs. Minnesota, 238 US 697 (1931)
Freedman vs. Maryland 380 US 551 (1965)
New York Times vs. US, 403 US 713 (1971)
SWS vs. COMELEC, 357 SCRA 496 (2001)
NBN and CBS vs. Dy, 583 SCRA 333 (2009)
Subsequent punishment
Abrams vs. US, 250 US 616 (1919)
People vs. Perez, 45 Phil 599 (1923)
Dennis vs. US, 341 US 494 (1951)
Eastern Broadcasting vs. Dans, 157 SCRA 647 (1985)
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Balancing of interest
Gonzales vs. COMELEC, 27 SCRA 835 (1969)
Lagunzad vs. Vda de Gonzales, 92 SCRA 476 (1979)
AKBAYAN vs. Aquino, 558 SCRA 468 (2008)
b. Unprotected Speech
1. Obscenity/Pornography
Ginzburg vs. US, 383 US 463 (1966)
Roth vs. US, 354 US 254 (1957)
Miller vs. California, 37 L. Ed. 2d 419 (1973)
Reno vs. ACLU, 521 US 844 (26 June 1997)
Gonzalez vs. Kalaw Katigbak 137 SCRA 717 (1985)
Pita vs. CA, 178 SCRA 362 (1989)
Fernando vs. CA, 510 SCRA 351 (2006)
Soriano vs. Laguardia G.R. No. 164785 April 29, 2009 and March 15, 2010
2. Defamation
Guingging vs. Court of Appeals, 471 SCRA 516 (2005)
Fermin vs. People, 550 SCRA 132 (2008)
Tulfo vs. People, 565 SCRA 283 (2008)
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Reversion to Pre-Sullivan in Philippine Jurisprudence
Fermin vs. People, 550 SCRA 132 (2008)
Diaz vs. People, G.R. No. 159787 (2007)
Cyberspace
Disini vs. Secretary of Justice, G.R. No. 203335, February 11, 2014
5. Hate speech
MVRS vs. Islamic Da'wah of the Philippines, 178 SCRA 178 (1989)
6. Seditious Speech
People of the Philippines vs. Perez, G.R. No. L-21049 December 22, 1923
Guingging vs. Court of Appeals 471 SCRA 196 (2005)
Chavez vs. Gonzales, 545 SCRA 441 (2008)
7. Advertising
Pharmaceutical and Health Care Association of the Philippines v. Duque III, 535 SCRA 265
(2007)
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8. Speech in special Places
US vs. Bustos, 37 Phil. 731 (1918)
Mutuc vs. COMELEC, 36 SCRA 228 (1970)
Cases:
Primicias vs. Fuguso, 80 Phil. 71 (1948)
Navarro vs. Villegas, 31 SCRA 731 (1970)
JBL Reyes vs. Bagatsing, 125 SCRA 553 (1983)
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Malabanan vs. Ramento, 129 SCRA 359 (1984)
Phil. Blooming Mills Employees vs. Philippine Blooming Mills Co. 50 SCRA 189 (1990)
Bayan vs. Ermita, 488 SCRA 1 (2006)
Toyota Workers Association vs. Toyota Motors Phils. 537 SCRA 171 (2007)
IBP Cadiz, Roque, Butuyan vs. Atienza, 613 SCRA 510 (2010)
Freedom of Association
Yates vs. US, 354 US 298 (1957)
NAACP vs. Alabama, 357 US 449 (1958)
People vs. Ferrer, 48 SCRA 382 (1972)
In the matter of the Integration of the Bar of the Philippines. January 9, 1973
National ID cases
Ople vs. Torres, 141 SCRA 293 (1998)
KMU vs. Director General NEDA, 487 SCRA 623 (2006)
Writ of Habeas Data
Manila Electric Company vs. Lim, G. R. No. 185769, 5 October 2010
Gamboa vs. Chan, G. R. No. 193636, 24 July 2012
Saez vs. Arroyo, G. R. No. 183533, 25 September 2012
Vivares vs. St. Theresa's College, G.R. No. 202666, September 29, 2014
Non-Establishment Clause
Search Warrant
People vs. Aruta, 288 SCRA 626 (1998)
Manalili vs. CA, 280 SCRA 400 (1997)
World Wide Web Corporation vs. People, G.R. No. 161106, January 13, 2014
Inevitable Discovery
People vs. Alicando, 251 SCRA 293 (1995)
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Private Searches
Governmental interference
People vs. Marti 193 SCRA 57 (1991)
Vessel Security Officer
People vs. Bongcarawan, 384 SCRA 525 (2002)
Scope of Protection
Katz vs. US, 394 US 347 (1967)
Burgos Sr. vs. Chief of Staff, 133 SCRA 800(1984)
c. How is it determined
Personal examination by searching complainant and witnesses
Bache and Co. vs. Ruiz, 37 SCRA 823 (1971)
Kho vs. Makalintal, 306 SCRA 70 (1999)
Roan vs. Gonzales 145 SCRA 687 (1986)
Lim vs. Felix, 194 SCRA 292 (1991)
Nala vs. Barroso Jr., 408 SCRA 529 (2003)
People vs. Tuan, 628 SCRA 226 (2010)
h. Validity of Warrant
People vs. Estrada, 296 SCRA 383 (1998)
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Effect of Voluntary Surrender
People vs. Agbot, 106 SCRA 325 (1981)
"Stop and Frisk"
Terry vs. Ohio, 392 US 1 (1968)
Minnesota vs. Dickerson, 508 US 366 (1993)
People vs. Binad Chua, G.R. Nos. 136066-67 February 4, 2003
Malacat vs. CA, 283 SCRA 159 (1997)
Esquillo vs. People, 629 SCRA 370 (2010)
Sanchez vs. People, G.R. No. 204589, November 19, 201
Comerciante vs. People, G.R. No. 205926, July 22, 2015
Airport Searches and disembarking from vessels
People vs. Canton, 394 SCRA 478 (2002)
People vs. Aminudin, 163 SCRA 402 (1988)
Sales vs. People, G.R. No. 191023 February 06, 2013
Dela Cruz vs. People, G.R. No. 209837 January 16, 2016
Customs officers
Papa vs. Mago, 22 SCRA 657 (1968)
Roadblocks and Checkpoints
Delaware vs. Proust, 440 US 648 (1979)
Caballes vs. CA, 373 SCRA 221 (2002)
People vs. Lacerna, 278 SCRA 561 (1997)
People vs. Solayao, 262 SCRA 255 (1996)
People vs. Malmstedt, 198 SCRA 401 (1991)
People vs. Encinada, G.R. No. 116720, October 2 1997
Checkpoints
Valmonte vs. De Villa, 178 SCRA 211 (1989); 185 SCRA 665 (199)
People vs. Vinecario, 420 SCRA 280 (2004)
Aniag vs. COMELEC, 237 SCRA 424 (1994)
People vs. Escano, 323 SCRA 754 (2000)
Extraordinary circumstances
People vs. De Gracia, 233 SCRA 716 (1994)
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X. RIGHTS OF THE ACCUSED
(Art. III, Secs. 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 19, 21)
A. Arrest
Definition
Rule 113, Sec. 1, 2;
Sanchez vs. Demetriou, 227 SCRA 627 (1993)
People vs. Sequino, 264 SCRA 79 (1996)
Defensor Santiago vs. Vasquez, 217 SCRA 663 (1993)
With a warrant -
Constitution, Art. III, Sec. 2
Rule 112, Sec. 6
Ong vs. Genio, 609 SCRA 188 (2009)
Probable Cause
Hao vs. People, G.R. No. 183345, September 17, 2014
Mendoza vs. People, G.R. No. 197293, April 21, 2014
Inferior Courts
Rule 112, Sec. 6 (b)
B. Warrantless Arrest
Old Rule
Rule 113, Sec. 5, 1985 Rules on Criminal Procedure
New Rule
Rule 113, Sec. 5, Revised Rules of Criminal Procedure
Umil vs. Ramos, 187 SCRA 311 (1990)
Umil vs. Ramos, 202 SCRA 251 (1991)
Go vs. Court of Appeals, 206 SCRA 138 (1992)
People vs. Jayson, 282 SCRA 166 (1997)
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Padilla vs. CA, 269 SCRA 40 (1997)
People vs. Montilla, 285 SCRA 703 (1998)
People vs. Mendez, G.R. No. 147671, November 21, 2002
People vs. Racho, 626 SCRA 633 (2010)
Pestilos vs Generoso G.R. No. 182601, November 10, 2014
Invitations
People vs. Sequino, 264 SCRA 79 (1996)
People vs. Del Rosario,305 SCRA 740 (1999)
Custodial Investigation
People vs. Pasudag, G.R. No.128822, May 4 2001
People vs. Zuela, 323 SCRA 589 (2000)
People vs. Valdez, 341 SCRA 25 (2000)
People vs. Rodriguez, 341 SCRA 645 (2000)
People vs. Del Rosario, 305 SCRA 740 (1999)
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Right to counsel; waiver
People vs. Caguioa, 141 SCRA 289 (1980)
People vs. Galit, 135 SCRA 465 (1985)
People vs. Continente, 339 SCRA 1 (2000)
Right to Trial
Trial
Mari vs. Hon. Gonzales, G.R. No. 187728, September 12, 2011
Philippine Coconut Producers vs. Republic, G.R. Nos. 177857-58, January 24, 2012
Villareal vs. People, G.R. No. 151258, February 1, 2012
Trial in Absentia
Ivler vs. Modesto-San Pedro, G.R. No. 172716, November 17, 2010
Concept of speedy trial
Republic Act No. 8493 "Speedy Trial Act of 1998."
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Concept of public trial
Re: Request Radio-TV Coverage of the Trial in the Sandiganbayan of the Plunder Cases Against
the Former President Joseph E. Estrada, 360 SCRA 248(2001)
RE: Petition for radio and television coverage of the multiple murder cases against Maguindanao
Governor Zaldy Ampatuan, et al., A.M. No. 10-11-5-SC, June 14, 2011
Right of confrontation
Bangayan vs. RCBC, G.R. No. 149193, April 4, 2011
People vs. Ng Yik Bun, G.R. No. 180452, January 10, 2011
People vs. Awid, G.R. No. 185388, June 16, 2010
Go vs. People, G.R. No. 185527, July 18, 2012
Right to be presumed innocent
People vs. Alivio, G.R. No. 177771, May 30, 2011
People vs. Maraorao, G.R. No. 174369, June 18, 2012
Ligot vs. Republic, G.R. No. 176944, March 6, 2013
People vs. Mendoza, G.R. No. 192432, June 23, 2014
Right against self-incrimination
US vs. Navarro, 3 Phil 143 (1904)
Villaflor vs. Summers, 41 Phil 62 (1920)
Beltran vs. Samson, 53 Phil 570 (1929)
Cabal vs. Kapunan, 6 SCRA 1059 (1962)
Bengzon vs. Senate Blue Ribbon Committee, 203 SCRA 767 (1991)
Galman vs. Pamaran, 138 SCRA 294 (1985)
Dela Cruz vs. People, G.R. No. 200748, July 23, 2014
De Castro vs. People, G.R. No. 171672, February 2, 2015
Bail
Definition
Rule 114 Secs. 1, 3
Matter of discretion
Art. III, Sec. 13
Rule 114, Sec. 5, 6, 7, 8, 24
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Teehankee vs. Director of Prisons, 76 Phil. 756 (1946)
People vs. San Diego, 26 SCRA 522 (1988)
Ocampo vs. Bernabe, 77 Phil. 55 (1946)
Siazon vs. Judge, 4 SCRA 184 (1971)
Mamolo vs. Narisima, 252 SCRA 613 (1995)
Leviste vs. Court of Appeals 615 SCRA 619 (2010).
Double jeopardy
Cayao-Lasam vs. Ramolet, G.R. No. 159132, December 18, 2008
Herrera vs. Sandiganbayan, G.R. Nos. 11966061,February 13, 2009
Pacoy vs.Cajigal, G.R. No. 157472, September 28, 2007
Honrales vs. Honrales, G.R. No.182651, August 25, 2010
Garcia vs. Executive Secretary, G.R. No.198554, July 30, 2012
Los Banos vs. Pedro, G.R. No. 173588, April 22, 2009
People vs. Sandiganbayan, G.R. Nos. 153304-05, February7, 2012
People vs. Judge Lagos, G.R. No. 184658, March 6, 2013
Madrigal vs. People, G.R. No. 182694, August 13, 2008
People vs. Rellota, G.R. No. 168103, August 3, 2010
Writ of Amparo
Secretary of National Defense vs. Manalo, G. R. No. 180906, 7 October 2008
Roxas vs. Macapagal-Arroyo, G. R. No. 189155, 7 September 2010
Burgos vs. Arroyo, G. R. No. 183711, 22 June 2010
Boac vs. Cadapan, G. R. No. 184461, 31 May 2011
So vs. Tacla, G. R. No. 190108, 19 October 2010
Rodriguez vs. Macapagal-Arroyo, G. R. No. 191805, 15 November 2011
Balao vs. Macapagal-Arroyo, G. R. No. 186050, 13 December 2011
Tapuz, et al. v. Del Rosario, et al., G.R. No. 182424, prom. June 17, 2008.
De Lima vs. Gatdula, G.R. No. 204528, February 19, 2013
Yusa vs. Segui, G.R. No. 193652, August 5, 2014
Rubrico vs. Arroyo, G.R. No. 183871, February 18, 2010
Echegaray vs. Secretary of Justice, 267 SCRA 652 (1997); 297 SCRA 754 (1998)
People vs. Mercado, 346 SCRA 256 (2000)
People vs. Tongko, 290 SCRA 595 (1998)
Perez vs. People, 544 SCRA 532 (2008)
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XVI. NON-IMPAIRMENT OF CONTRACTS CLAUSE
Art. III, Sec. 10
Civil Code Art. 1306
Home Builders and Loan Association vs. Blaisdell, 290 US 398
Rutter vs. Esteban, 93 Phil 68 (1953)
Ortigas vs. FEATI, 94 SCRA 533 (1989)
Juarez vs. CA, 214 SCRA 475 (1992)
Caleon vs. Agus, 207 SCRA 748 (1992)
Republic vs. Pagadian City Timber co. Inc., G.R. No.159308, 16 September 2008
Landbank vs. Republic, G.R. No.150824, 4 February 2008
PAGCOR vs. BIR, G.R. No. 172087, 15 March 2011
Surigao del Norte Electric Cooperative vs. ERC, G.R. No. 183626, 4 October 2010
The Learning Child Inc. Ayala Alabang Village, G.R. No.134269, 7 July 2010
Involuntary servitude
Access to justice
Access to courts
Adequate legal assistance
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