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INTERNSHIP REPORT
Sohani Islam
Lecturer
Dept. of Business Administration
Stamford University Bangladesh
I hereby submit the internship report on the topic “Foreign Exchange Activities of Al-Arafah
Islami Bank Ltd.”” intended to fulfill the partial requirement of my BBA program.
It would be difficult for me to get the work done without your proper supervision & guideline. I
tried my best to work sincerely to cover all aspects regarding the matter. Though I faced some
limitations in preparing this report, I have thoroughly enjoyed in preparing this internship report,
which has contributed significantly to my understanding on the essentials and important practical
knowledge.
I therefore hope that the report will fulfill the requisite objectives that you wanted to get done by
me.
…………………………… ……………………………..
Md. Abul Hossain Sohani Islam
ID No. # BBA 028 08105
Batch – 28th, Section A
Dept of Business Administration
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Student’s Declaration
I hereby declare that the report of internship namely “Foreign Exchange Activities of Al-Arafah
Islami Bank Ltd.”
By me after the completing of 3 (three) months of internship with Al-Arafah Islami Bank Ltd at
New Elephant Road Branch and a comprehensive study of the existing activities of Al-Arafah
Islami Bank Ltd and its implementation.
I also declare that this paper is my original worked and prepared for academic purpose which is a
part of BBA and the paper may not be used in actual market scenario.
Supervisor’s Declaration
I hereby declare that the concerned report entitled “Foreign Exchange Activities of Al-Arafah
Islami Bank Ltd.” is an original work by Md. Abul Hossain, bearing ID No: BBA 028 08105
Major in Finance, Department of Business Administration, Stamford University Bangladesh,
completed his internship under my supervision and submitted for the partial fulfillment of the
requirement of the degree of Bachelor of Business Administration (BBA) at Stamford University
Bangladesh.
Sohani Islam
Lecturer
This is to certify that, Md. Abul Hossain a student of BBA program, bearing ID No: BBA02808105,
Major in Finance, Department of Business Administration, and Stamford University Bangladesh has
completed the internship report titled “Foreign Exchange Activities of Al-Arafah Islami Bank Ltd.”
successfully under my supervision.
Supervisor
Sohani Islam
Lecturer,
CONTENTS
Acknowledgement 10
Executive summary 11
CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION 14
1.1 Introduction 15
1.2 Origin of the report 15
1.3 Rationale of the Study 16
1.4 Acronyms & abbreviations 17
1.5 Methodologies 18
1.6 Source of Data 18
1.7 Objective of the study 19
1.8 Limitations of the study 19
Acknowledgement
At the very beginning, I would like to thank my honorable teacher & supervisor of my
internship program Sohani Islam.
I am very much pleased to offer my thanks and gratitude to the HRD of Al-Arafah Islami
Bank Ltd for giving me the opportunity to work with the bank in its New Elephant Road
Branch. I would also like to give thanks to Md. Atiqur Rahman-Assistant (Vice president) &
Manager, Md. Yabidul Haque (Principal Officer), Md. Golam Quddus (Principal Officer) &
Investment In charge, Md. Shariful Alam (Senior Officer), Md. Qamrul Huda (Senior Officer),
Md. Abul Kalam Azad, Md. Mamunur Rahman, Sharif Hasan, Md A K Al-Mamun, Md.
Munaem Haque and Md. Hanif Mollah of New Elephant Road Branch to help me throughout
my internship program.
I also give a special thanks to all the personnel of New Elephant Road Branch of Al-Arafah
Islami Bank Ltd for helping me to collect data.
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Executive summary
This internship report is a partial requirement for the Bachelor of Business Administration
program. The report is based on 65 days (2 nd June to 2nd August 2009) working experience on Al-
Arafah Islami Bank Limited (AIBL). I was assigned in the New Elephant Road Branch, Dhaka of AIBL.
This report gives a clear idea of the activities, operation strategies and the performance of AIBL’s
foreign exchange activities
There are several variable taken for analysis of the report which are number of letter of credit
opening, irrevocable letter of credit, commission on foreign exchange, volume of import, back-to-
back L/C, foreign documentary bills for purchase, export finance, volume of export, foreign currency
deposit etc, exchange gain, foreign remittance.
The data has been collected from primary & secondary sources. Primary sources are group
discussion, practical work experience, case study & interview. Secondary Sources are DSE library,
several books and periodicals related to the banking sector, Bangladesh Bank’s report, Different
circular sent by the head office of AIBL, Annual Report’s of AIBL and other private banks.
The analysis of AIBL’s performance in foreign exchange transactions has been conducted based on
the trend analysis, factor analysis & Comparative Analysis in which recent performance in
foreign exchange transactions of AIBL with other selected banks.
The report consists of six parts. The first part describes the introductory matters of a formal report
which includes acronyms & abbreviations, rationale of the study, limitations etc.
The second part gives a concise description of the organization. These include origin & evaluation of
AIBL, Islami banking system, concepts & principles etc. To their point of view – “Islam provides us a
complete lifestyle. Main objective of Islamic lifestyle is to be successful both in our mortal and
immortal life. Therefore in every aspect of our life we should follow the doctrine of Al-Quran and
lifestyle of Hazrat Muhammad (sm.) for our supreme success.” Al-Arafah Islami Bank (AIBL) started
its journey in 1995 with the said principles in mind and to introduce a modern banking system
based on Al-Qur’an and Sunnah.
A group of noted Islamic scholar, economist, writer and ex-bureaucrat of Bangladesh Govt. Mr. A. Z.
M. Shamsul Alam is the founder chairman of the Bank. His progressive leadership and continuous
inspiration provided a boost for the bank in getting a foothold in the financial market of
Bangladesh .A group of 26 dedicated and noted Islamic Personalities of Bangladesh are the member
of executive council of the Bank. Al-Arafah Islami Bank Ltd. (AIBL) has 46 Branches and 1033
employees (as on December 2007). Its authorized capital is 2500 million Tk and paid up capital is
taka 1153 million Tk.
The third part gives a brief description of macroeconomic environment including the financial
sector of Bangladesh & foreign exchange activities by the country.
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The economy of Bangladesh has once again faced a great challenge mainly for the devastating
natural and other catastrophes combined with political uncertainties, abolition of quota regime of
readymade garments industries, abnormal price-hike of imported commodities including oil posed
great challenges for the economies.
Some brief foreign exchange information of the country is- Exports (2006-07): US$ 12177.86 mn,
Imports (2006-07): US$ 17156.80 mn, Trade Deficit: US$ 4978.90 mn, Foreign Exchange
Reserve: US$ 5514.60 mn, Remittances: US$ 3447.32 mn.
The fourth part of the report analyzes the theoretical aspects of foreign exchange transactions of
AIBL. There are three kinds of foreign exchange transactions- Export, Import & Remittance. Foreign
exchange business starts with a Letter of Credit (L/C). The part also describes various terms used in
foreign exchange business like back-to-back L/C, FOB, understanding, shipment, LIM, LTR etc.
According to import and export control act, 1950, the officer of the chief controller of import and
export provides the registration (IRC) to the importer. After obtaining this, this person has to secure
a letter of credit authorization (LCA) from Bangladesh Bank and then a person becomes a qualified
importer. He is the person who requests or instructs the opening bank to open an L/C. he is also
called opener or applicant of the credit.
AIBL is an authorized dealer (AD) to operate foreign exchange transaction. With the legal
formalities the bank serves the customers with export, import & remittance services. In the process
of providing remittance service it sells and buys foreign currency, the conversation of one currency
into another takes place at an agreed rate of exchange , which than Banker quote one for buying and
another for selling. There are various types of Income of the Bank in Foreign Exchange Sector.
The main concentration of the report is in fifth part. In this part the performance of the bank has
been assessed in the foreign exchange business. The analysis was done with some stated principles
which are some specific assumptions. The assumptions were –
The reported financial data are free from error & bias because there were no scopes of the
study is to verify the data
Analysis & findings are valid up to June 2007 because the other data are not available
The data shown of 2008 are estimated figures
I have selected banks with the following classification criterion
o Local commercial banks (PCB)
o Foreign banks (FB)
o Govt.’s specialized banks
The banks selected are assumed to be the representatives of banking sector of our country
Selected banks are - Dhaka Bank Ltd., National Bank Ltd., AB Bank Ltd., Standard Chartered Bank,
HSBC, Citi Bank N. A., Sonali Bank Ltd. & Basic Bank Ltd.
The growth statistics shows that the economic downturn in 2005 & 2008 influenced the whole
banking industry.
Al-Arafah Islami Bank is lagging behind compared to the other banks in foreign exchange
business. But the bank has a consistent performance with the trend of industry’s
performance
The remittance business for Al-Arafah Islami Bank is significantly lower than the other local
competitors.
This can be a cause of customer focus /market segment of the bank
The bank has a huge amount of loan incentives for export & import business compared to
other performances in foreign exchange activities
The bank provides comparatively higher loan facilities in export & import business
However, a brief performance overview on deposit & investment division of the bank revealed that
the bank is heavily concentrating on deposit schemes. With the advantage of religious belief hence
Islamic Banking concept, the bank is getting an edge with deposit schemes which is a strong success
factor of the bank.
The working environment of AIBL is very conductive and friendly. Although they don’t maintain
strict hierarchical protocol among the staffs the environment is much more relaxed & easy. The
staffs are specialized in their respective fields. Each of them works on their own and there is close
supervision from the top. The motivation of the employees comes from the very sense of
responsibility. The sixth part ends up the report with major findings & complementary remarks.
The human resources division is lacking of ensuring modern independent work environment as
women are especially discouraged to join the bank’s workforce. However, to their view, they don’t
like to see women as working outside the home as Islami Shariah doesn’t.
With all analysis & judgments, I have tried to evaluate the performance of AIBL in foreign exchange
activities. I express my heartiest gratitude to all the parties related to make the work done.
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Chapter One
Introduction
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1.1 Introduction
The internship program is required course for the students who are completing BBA from the
Department of Business Administration in the faculty of business studies of Stamford University
Bangladesh. It is a 3 credit hour program with duration of two months. Students who have
completed all the required courses are eligible for this program. In the internship program I was
attached to the Al-Arafah Islami Bank Limited for one and half months. During this period I
have learned how the organization works and how it manages its credit.
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This report is on the basis of the course requirement of BBA Program in the Department of
Business Administration of Stamford University Bangladesh. Theoretical knowledge will be little
important unless it is applicable in practical aspects. As some practical experience is required
after the completion of BBA program from as part of course requirement, I was assigned to the
Al-Arafah Islami Bank Ltd-New Elephant Road Branch for 65 working days from 2nd June
2009 to 2nd August 2009.
The report is prepared on the basis of 60 days practical experience at Al-Arafah Islami Bank
Ltd (AIBL) that helped a lot to learn about the practical situation of a financial institution and
implement theoretical knowledge in corporate work environment.
For a country like Bangladesh the foreign exchange activities are major indicators of national
economy. To observe & realize the movement of foreign exchange I choose the bank’s foreign
exchange department for my internship paper with my supervisor’s consent. I tried here to
analyze elaborately the facts related to foreign exchange activities.
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1.5 Methodologies
To meet the objectives of the study I’ve applied various qualitative & quantitative
techniques like statistical tools & software and other relevant methods. Formal and oral
discussion, direct observation, questioning clients and printed papers of the bank were
found useful.
To understand the system and methodology adopted in conducting day to day banking
by AIBL
Specific Objective:
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To observe the foreign exchange operation of AIBL and their services review the
techniques used by the bank to make it lucrative.
An analysis and discussion of foreign exchange services of the bank.
To evaluate of the present performance of the bank regarding foreign exchange.
To search the problems of this branch of AIBL
Determining the drawbacks of the existing foreign exchange system.
Recommending some guidelines to improve the effectiveness of foreign exchange
services.
The financial statements were up to 2007, recent data were not published yet.
Macroeconomic data are also unavailable after 2007.
Within such a short period of time, it was not possible for me to study everything
about Al-Arafah Islami Bank, New Elephant Road Branch.
The officers are so much busy that they cannot properly co-operate with me,
which is a problem.
Bank’s policy of not disclosing some data and information for obvious reason,
which could be very much useful.
Sometimes the officials were reluctant to give proper information regarding their
activities because they felt hesitation and ambiguity to give data and information.
Lack of personal knowledge and experience.
Lack of a useful website of the bank
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Chapter Two
Background of AIBL
Balanced growth.
2.3 To attain the above vision and mission AIBL follow the following
Marketing Strategies:
The main strategy of the bank is using Islami Banking System to attract its market.
Fulfilling its social commitments by expanding its charitable and humanitarian activities
The Bank is committed to contribute significantly in the national economy. It has made a positive
contribution towards the towards the socio economic development of the country by opening 46
branches on which 16 authorized dealer (AD) throughout the country.
The equity of the bank stood at TK.2037 million Crore as on 31 December 2008, the manpower
are 1033 and number of shareholders are 12013.
The Bank conducts its business on the principles of Musaraka, Bai-muazzal, and hire purchase
transactions approved by Bangladesh Bank. Naturally, its modes and operations are substantially
different from those of other conventional commercial Bank. There is a Shariah council in the
Banks who maintains constant vigilance to ensure that the activities of the bank are being
conducted on the precepts of Islam. The Shariah council consists of prominent Ulema, reputed,
Bankers, renowned lawyers and eminent Economist.
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According to the needs and demands of the society and the country as a whole the
bank invests money to different Halal business. The bank participates in different
activities aiming at creating jobs, implementing development projects taken by the
government and developing infrastructure.
According to Mudaraba system, the depositors are the partners of the investment
income of the bank. During the period under review, 70% of the investment income
has been distributed among the Mudaraba depositors.
1. Operating body
2. Executive committee
3. Audit committee
4. Shariah council
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The people in the Bank see themselves as a tight knit team/family that believes in working
together for growth. The corporate culture has developed has not been imposed; it has rather
been achieved through their Corporate conduct.
Shariah Board:
Shariah Council of AIBL consists of 5 members specialized in Fiqhul Muamalat (Islamic
Commercial Law) according to guidelines given by the Bangladesh Bank to ensure whether all
banking operations are transacted in accordance with Islami Shariah i.e. Qur’an, Sunnah, Ijma,
and Iztihad.
In the year 2007 the Shariah Council has complied various decisions taken by the council on
different matters at different times under the caption “Islami Banking Shariah Nitimala (1995-
2006) and prepared a Shariah Manual and published which is first of its kind in Bangladesh.
Shariah Council advices everybody concerned to comply with Shariah requirements and render
all out efforts to increase the standard of service rendered to the clients.
The Bank has a Foundation launching philanthropic activities Al-Arafah English Medium
Madrasah and Al-Arafah Islami Bank Library are major two wings for launching philanthropic
activities.
Al-Arafah English Medium Madrasah has been established by the Al-Arafah Bank Foundation
with a view to building next generation according to the ideals of peace and equality of Islam
and to establishing banking and other aspects of life in the way of Islam. The prime aim of this
madrasah is to contribute towards building human resource and in the broader sense to ensure
human welfare. With this in view Al-Arafah Islami Bank Foundation has established an English
Medium Madrasah at Dhanmondi in 1999. Such institution up to O level of its kind is for the
first time in Bangladesh.
Library is the carrier and reservoir of knowledge. Al-Arafah Islami Bank has shown that other
than generating profit, it can also contribute significantly in the field of providing good source of
knowledge by establishing a public library at 32, Topkhana Road, Chittagong Bhaban (1st floor),
Dhaka, thus strengthening social development. It is placed in a sound, healthy surroundings. It
harbours 23,000 books of reference for the researchers, students, professionals, bankers,
physicians, engineers, politicians, writers or journalists, even for the kids. It is open to all from
the year 2000 and well located & accessible to everybody. It procured some exceptional
collection of books on Religion, Economics, Banking, Computer Science, Business
Administration, Sociology, English & Arabic language and juvenile literature in Bangla, English,
Urdu & Arabic which are very rare.
Education is the harmonious development of body, mind & soul. If religion is not attached to it
the real attitude towards life and values will fail to develop. It is mandatory to learn Elm-e-Din to
govern our life in the right way of Islam. To fulfill this noble intention Al-Arafah Islami Bank
Library started Dars-ul-Quran (Teachings of Quran) program. This program will cover
translation with detail explanation of Quran starting from Sura Fatiha upto Sura Nas gradually.
Dars-ul-Quran program takes place every Monday after Magrib prayer.
Other than this Al-Arafah Islami Bank Library arranges shows of feature films or Documentary
films on Islamic life & Culture.
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The bank present uses “ABABIL” as banking solution software. However the software is not so
much sophisticated. Very often the software related problems hamper the operations.
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Products
Term
deposits L/C, Foreign Tax, consultancy, Self-custody,
currency Merchant banking Sale of drafts,
project, Standing
Counseling, instruction,
Investment Trusteeship.etc.
counseling
Terms
Guarantees,
loans, Clean
Letter
loans,
ofBills
credit.
discounting, Pre
shipment, Post
shipment, Lines of
credit- Secured,
unsecured,
Overdraft.
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The importance of mobilizations of savings for the economic development of our country can
hardly be over emphasized. We considered savings and deposits as lifeblood of the bank. More
the deposit, greater is the strength of the bank. The bank intends to launch various new savings
scheme with prospect of higher return duly supported by a well-orchestrated system of customer
services. The bank would cater to the credit needs of individuals as well as corporate clients.
Initial it will emphasize on trade finance, which would be short term and self-liquidating in
nature. Considering the importance of foreign trade in our national life, financing and handling
of export & import business and also handling of foreign remittance business would be given top
most priority. Moreover the bank operates all of its activities under the rules and regulations of
Islamic Shariah. The services provided by the Al-Arafah Islami Bank Ltd. are given bellow: -
Bank services
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08. Profit before Tax and Provision 348.89 548.20 969.77 756.18
09. Profit after Tax and Provision 154.76 262.90 470.02 347.31
2.12.1 Deposit
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The total deposit of AIBL is increasing sharply. The total deposit of bank was Tk. 23009.13
million at 31st December 2007 as against Tk. 16775.33 million at 31st December 2006 recording
growth of 37.16% of which Tk. 685.50 million was bank deposit and general deposit was
22323.63 million Tk. The graph shows that the deposit collection rate is dramatically increasing
year to year:
2.12.2 Investment
The investment of the Bank stood at Tk. 22906.37 Million as on 31 st December 2007 as against
Tk. 17423.19 Million in the previous year showing an increase by 31.47%. The growth of
Investment from 2004 to 2007 shown graphically, graph shows that every year the bank earns a
huge amount of income from Investment account.
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The Bank earned operating profit of Tk. 756.18 million during this year 2007 before the pre-tax
profit of the bank during the year 2006 was Tk. 969.77 million and thus the bank attained
negative growth of 22.02% in respect of operating profit. The growth of operating profit for the
year 2004 to 2007 graphically given below. Political unrest, economic recession and many other
factors badly affected they total banking sector, so that it earn lower profit than the previous year.
2.12.4 Dividend
The Bank has been paying Dividend every year since 1998 just after conversion of a public
limited company. The Board of Directors of the Bank recommend 20% stock dividend in the
year 2007, which is lower than the previous year because of lower operating profit. Dividend for
different years shown below graphically:
2.12.5 Export
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The total export earnings in 2004 were Tk.3639.34 Million and in 2007 it was Tk.12714.91
Million. So it is seen that the export earnings was 3.49 times in 2007 than 2004. It is also
depicted from the figure.
2.12.6 Import
The total Import earning in 2004 was Tk.9337.49 Million and in 2007 it was Tk.27042.72
Million. So it is seen that the Import earnings was 2.9 times in 2007 than 2004. It is also depicted
from the figure
:
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The total number of human resources in 2004 was 771 and in 2007 it was 1033.So number of
employees in AIBL has increased by 262 employees from the year 2004 to 2007, which is shown
below graphically:
2.12.8 Branches
The total number of Branches in 2004 was 40 and in 2007 it was 46.So number of Branches in
AIBL has increased by 6 Branches from the year 2004 to 2007, but in 2007 there were no
addition of Branches, this is shown below graphically:
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Chapter Three
Industry Overview
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Every firms operation is connected with the world, as a bank it more affected by global economy.
Socio-economic Phenomena
Though there is no huge change in the world economy, the economies of various countries are
fluctuating rapidly. And this fluctuation effects to the exchange rate of that country’s currency
with dollar. Some of them are rising against dollar rapidly and some are falling. Foreign
exchange rate of dollar in Bangladesh is comparatively very high. ($1 = TK. 69.45). As banking
sector is the main financial sector foreign exchange changes affects deeply to it.
The economy of Bangladesh has once again faced a great challenge mainly for the devastating
natural and other catastrophes combined with political uncertainties, abolition of quota regime of
readymade garments industries, abnormal price-hike of imported commodities including oil
posed great challenges for the economies. Side by side, the inflationary trend across the global
economy together with the apprehension of sluggish growth further deepened the challenge.
Basic Information:
Foreign Investment:
Principle Industries :
Garments, Pharmaceuticals, Textiles, Paper, Manufacturing, Newsprint, Fertilizer,
Leather and Leather goods, Sugar, Cement, Fish processing, Steel & Chemical
industries etc.
Principle imports:
Fuel, Rice, Wheat, Cotton & Textile, Petroleum products, Fertilizer, Staple fibers,
yarn etc.
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To narrow down the gap between the country’s export earning and import
payment through achievement of the export targets.
To take the highest advantage of entering into the post Uruguay liberalized
and globalizes international market.
Organize single country export fair for Bangladeshi products abroad and offer
assistance to exporters in participating trade fairs in different countries.
Export Incentives:
Income tax exemption for export earning: Under the income tax law other than
the owners of factories not registered in Bangladeshi, all exporters will get 50%
exemptions in their income taxes.
Facilities for duty free import of capital machineries for export - oriented
industries
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Chapter Four
Foreign Exchange Division of AIBL
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Foreign exchange is the means and methods by which rights to wealth in a country's currency are
converted into rights to wealth in another country's currency. In banks when we talk of foreign
exchange, we refer to the general mechanism by which a bank converts currency of one country
into that of another. Foreign Exchange Department (FED) is the international department
Bangladesh Bank issues license to scheduled banks to deal with foreign exchange. These banks
are known as Authorized Dealers. If the branch is authorized dealer in foreign exchange market,
it can remit foreign exchange from local country to foreign countries. So AL-ARAFAH-ISLAMI
Bank, Principal branch is an authorized dealer.
A) Import
B) Export
C) Remittance.
4.2 Import
To import, a person should be competent to be and importer. According to Import and Export
Control Act, 1950, the Office of Chief Controller of Import and Export provides the registration
(IRC) to the importer. In an international business environment, buyers and sellers are generally
unknown to each other. So seller of goods always seeks security for the payment of his exported
goods. Bank gives export guarantee that it will pay for the goods on behalf of the buyer if the
buyer does not pay. This guarantee is called Letter of Credit. Thus the contract between importer
and exporter is given a legal shape by the banker by 'Letter of Credit.
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The first thing one need to carry on a business of import is called Import Registration
Certificate. But registration is not required for import goods, which do not involved remittance
of foreign exchange like medicine; reading materials etc. can be imported without registration by
the users within monetary limit. Documents to be required for Import Registration Certificate are
as follows —
Definition:
A letter of credit is a letter issued by a bank (known as the opening or the issuing bank) at the
instance of its customer (known as the opener) addressed to a person (beneficiary) undertaking
that the bills drawn by the beneficiary will be duly honored by it (opening bank) provided certain
conditions mentioned in the letter gave been complied with.
Issuing Bank It is the bank which opens/issues a L/C on behalf of the importer.
Confirming Bank It is the bank, which adds its confirmation to the credit and it, is done
at the request of issuing bank. Confirming bank may or may not be
advising bank
Advising or Notifying It is the bank through which the L/C is advised to the exporters. This
Bank bank is actually situated in exporter's country. It may also assume the
role of confirming and / or negotiating bank depending upon the
condition of the credit.
Negotiating Bank It is the bank, which negotiates the bill and pays the amount of the
beneficiary- The advising bank and the negotiating bank may or may
not be the same. Sometimes it can also be confirming bank.
Accepting Bank It is the bank on which the bill will be drawn (as per condition of the
credit). Usually it is the issuing bank
Reimbursing Bank It is the bank, which would reimburse the negotiating bank after
getting payment - instructions from issuing bank.
Indenter
Makes payment
ment
pay
es
Mak
Paying bank
• For engaging in international trade, even trader must be first registered with the Chief
Controller of Import and Export.
• By paying specified registration fees to the CCI&E- the trader will get IRC/ERC
(Import/Export Registration Certificate), to open L/C with bank, this IRC is must.
• The terms of the letter of credit are depending upon the contract between the importer and
exporter. The terms of the credit specify the amount of credit, name and address of the
beneficiary and opener, tenor of the bill of exchange-period and mode of shipment and of
destination, nature of credit, expiry date name and number of sets of shipping documents etc.
• For opening L/C, the importer is required to fill up a prescribed application form
provided by the banker along with the following documents:
• Collects credit report of exporter from exporter's country through his foreign
correspondence there.
• Opening bank then issues credit by air mail/TELEX/SWIFT followed by L/C advice as
asked by the opener through his foreign correspondent or branch as the case may be, at
the place of beneficiary. The advising bank advises the L/C to the beneficiary on his own
form where it is addressed to him or merely hand over the original L/C to the beneficiary
if it is so addressed.
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Then exporter ships the goods to the destination of the importer country and sends the documents to the
L/C opening bank through his negotiating bank. Generally the following documents are sent to the
Opening Banker with L/C:
Step 7 - Lodgment of Documents by the opening Bank from the negotiating bank:
After receiving the documents, the opening banker scrutinizes the documents. If any discrepancy
found, it informs the importer. If importer accepts the fault, then opening bankers call importer
retiring the document. At this time many thing can happen. These are indicated in the following:
• Discrepancy found and importer not agreed to accept - In this case, importer protest and
send back all the documents to the exporter and request his to make in the specified manner.
Here banker is not bound to pay because the documents send by exporter is not in accordance
with the terms of L/C.
• Documents are OK but importer is willing to retire the documents - In this case bank is
obligated to pay the price of exported goods. Since importer did not pay for bill of exchange, this
payment by bank is one kind of credit to the importer and this credit in banking is known as
PAD.
• Everything is O.K. but importer fails to clear goods from the port and request bank to
clear- In this case banks clear the goods and takes delivery of the same by paying customs duty
and sales tax etc. So, this expenditure is debited to the importer's account and in banking it is
called LIM.
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Step 8 – Retirement:
The importer receives the intimation and gives necessary instruction to the bank for retirement of
the import bills or for the disposal of the shipping document to clear the imported goods from the
customs authority. The importer may instruct the bank to retire the documents by debiting his
account with the bank or may ask for LTR (Loan against Trust Receipt).
a. Unit price
Such amendments can be affected only if all the concerned parties agree i.e. the beneficiary, the
importer, the issuing bank and the advising bank.
For any amendment the importer must request the issuing bank in writing duly supported by
revised indent/proforma invoice. The issuing bank then advises the required amendment to the
advising bank. L/C amendment commission including postage is charged to the clients A/C.
Advance against a Trust Receipt obtained from the Customers are allowed to only first
class tested parties when the documents covering an import shipment or other goods
pledged to the Bank as security are given
Without payment. However, for such advances prior permission/sanction from Head
Office must be obtained.
The customer holds the goods or their sale-proceeds in trust for the Bank, till such time,
the loan allowed against the Trust Receipts is fully paid off.
The Trust Receipt is a document that creates the Banker's Hen on the goods and
practically amounts to hypothecation of the proceeds of sale in discharge of the lien.
Advance (Loan) against the security of merchandise imported through the Bank may be allowed
either on pledge or hypothecation, of goods, retaining margin prescribed or their Landed Cost,
depending on their categories and Credit Restriction imposed by the Bangladesh Bank. Bank
shall also obtain a letter of undertaking and indemnity from the parties, before getting the goods
cleared through LIM Account.
This is the most sensitive task of the Import Department the officials have to be very much
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Date of Payment
Usually payment is made within seven days after the documents have been received. If the
payment is become deferred, the negotiating bank may claim interest for making delay.
A sale memo is made at B.C rate to the customer. As the T.T & O.D rate is paid to the ID, the
difference between these two rates is exchange trading. Finally, an Inter Branch Exchange
Trading Credit Advice is sent to ID.
For arranging necessary fund for payment a requisition is sent to the International Department.
Transmission of Message
Message is transmitted to the correspondent bank ensuring that payment is being made.
4.3 Export
Understanding
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The goods and services sold by Bangladesh to foreign households, businessmen and Government
are called export. The export trade of the country is regulated by the Imports and Exports
(control) Act, 1950. There are a number of formalities, which an exporter has to fulfill before and
after shipment of goods. The exports from Bangladesh are subject to export trade control
exercised by the Ministry Of Commerce through Chief Controller of Imports and Exports (CC &
E). No exporter is allowed to export any commodity permissible for export from Bangladesh
unless he is registered with CC! & E and holds valid Export Registration Certificate (ERC). The
ERC is required to be renewed every year. The ERC number is to be incorporated on EXP forms
and other documents connected with exports. The formalities and procedure are enumerated as
follows:
1. Obtaining exports LC: To get export LC form exporter issued by the importer.
2. Submission of export documents: Exporter has to submit all necessary documents to the
collecting bank after shipping of goods
3. Checking of export documents: After getting the documents banker used to check the
documents as per LC terms
4. Negotiation of export documents: If the bank accepts the document and pays the value draft
to the exporter and forward the document to issuing bank that is called a negotiating bank. If the
bank does buy the LC then the bank normally acts as collecting bank
5. Realization of proceeds: This is the period when the issuing bank has realized the payment.
6. Reporting to the Bangladesh bank: As per instruction by Bangladesh bank the bank has to
report to respective department of Bangladesh bank by mentioning latest payment.
7. Issue to proceeds realization certificate (PRC): Bank has to issue proceeds realization
certificate of export LC to the supplier / exporter for getting cash assistance.
textile garments (both knitted and woven), Jute, Jute-made products, frozen shrimps, tea are the
main goods that Bangladeshi exporters exports to foreign countries. Garments sector is the
largest sector that exports the lion share of the country's export; Bangladesh exports most of its
readymade garments products to U.S.A and European Community (EC) countries, Bangladesh
exports about 40% of its readymade garments products to U.S.A. Most of the exporters who
export through AL-ARAFAH-ISLAMI BANK are readymade garment exporters. They open
export L/Cs here to export their goods, which they open against the import L/Cs opened by their
foreign importers.
Export L/C operation is just reverse of the import L/C operation For exporting goods by the local
exporter, bank may act as advising banks and collecting bank (negotiable bank) for the exporter.
As an advising bank
It receives documents from the foreign importer and hands it over to the exporter. Sometimes it
adds confirmation on the L/C on request from the Opening Bank. By adding confirmation, it
assumes the responsibility to make payment to the exporter.
As Negotiating Bank
It negotiates the bills and other shipping documents in favor of the exporter. That is ? it collects
the proceeds of the export-bill from the drawer and credits the exporter's account for the same.
Collection proceed from the export bill is deposited in the bank's NOSTRO account in the
importer's country. Sometimes the bank purchases the bills at discount and waits till maturity of
the bill. When the bill matures, bank presents it to the drawer to encash it.
In our country Export and Import operation of bank is very much related with one another
because of use of Back to Back and maturity of payment for Back-to-Back L/C is set in such that
it can be paid out of export proceeds
Master Export L/C bank issues bank to Back L/C. Back-to-Back L/C is commonly known as
Buying L/C. On the contrary, Master Export L/C is known as Selling L/C.
In AL-ARAFAH-ISLAMI Bank Principal Branch, following papers/ documents are required for
opening a back-to-back L/C-
1. Master L/C
2. Valid Import Registration Certificate (IRC) and Export Registration Certificate (ERC)
In addition to the above documents, the followings are also required to export oriented garment
industries while requesting for opening a back-to-back L/C -
1. Textile Permission
3. Quota Allocation Letter issued by the Export Promotion Bureau (EPB) in favor of the
applicant for quota items.
Following defective points are usually found in the Master L/C. So, these points are so much
carefully checked by the bank officials. These are:
• Date of shipment
5. Beneficiary/ Favoring
6. Amount
7. Availability of Credit
10. Category.
• Item
• Total Qty
• Unit price
In case back to back as 60-90-120-180 days of maturity period, deferred payment is made.
Payment is given after realizing export proceeds from the L/C issuing bank.
• Generally Back-to-Back L/C is Usance L/C that is here bill of exchange is payable after
some maturity date say 90 or 120 days after the date of acceptance/negotiation. But some foreign
seller may require sight payment. Here import L/C matures first. In that case Bangladesh Bank
gives the fund to the bank to pay the price of imported goods in favor of the local purchaser of
raw materials. When export proceeds come, first Bangladesh Bank loan to the importer is
adjusted and remaining part goes to the importer of raw materials.
The most common method of financing exporters is negotiation of documents under L/C. It is a
post-shipment credit. Here the bank acts as a negotiating bank. After the shipment of the goods,
the exporter submits the relative documents to the branch for negotiation. The documents are to
submit within the period mentioned in the L/C. after approval of negotiation of the bill the full
particulars of the documents are branch with a forwarding letter. The branch claim
reimbursement from the issuing bank or from the reimbursing bank, giving clear instructions to
credit the proceeds of the bill to the AL-ARAFAH-ISLAMI Bank head office NOSTRO A/C
maintained with the named correspondent bank abroad under telex intimation to the Principal
branch and Head Office (International Division).
Negotiation stands for payment of value to the exporter against "the documents stipulated in the
LAC. If documents are in order, AL-ARFAH-ISLAMI Bank purchases (negotiates) the same on
the basis of banker- customer relationship. This is known as Foreign Documentary Bill Purchase
(FDBP).
If the bank is not satisfied with the documents submitted to AL-ARAFAH-ISLAMI Bank gives
the exporter reasonable time to remove the discrepancies or sends the documents to L/C opening
bank for collection. This is known as Foreign Documentary Bill for Collection (FDBC) entered
into the foreign, bill Purchased (F.B.P) register. The documents are sent to the L/C opening
• Bill of exchange
• Bill of Lading
• Invoice
• Insurance Policy/Certificate
• Certificate of Origin
• Inspection Certificate
• Consular Invoice
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• Packing List
• G.S.P. certificate.
Al-Arafah Islami Bank forwards the documents for collection due to the following reasons,
FDBC signifies that the exporter will receive payment only when the issuing bank gives
payment AL-ARAFAH-ISLAMI Bank make regular follow-up with the L/C opening
Bank in case of any delay in getting payment.
2. The customer submits the L/C to AL-ARAFAH-ISLAMI Bank along with the documents to
negotiate
3. AL-ARAFH-ISLAMI Bank official scrutinizes the documents to ensure the conformity \\ith
the terms and conditions.
5. The L/C issuing bank gives the acceptance and forwards an acceptance letter.
As per UCPDC 500, 1993 revision there are four types of credit. These are as follows;
* Sight Payment Credit: In a Sight Payment Credit the bank pays the stipulated sum
immediately against the exporter's presentation of the documents.
* A Deferred payment Credit: In deferred payment, the bank agrees to pay on a specified
future date or event, after presentation of the export documents. No bill of exchange is involved.
Payment is given to the party at the rate of D. A 60-90-120-180 as the case may be. But the Head
office is paid at T.T clean rate. The difference between the two rates us the exchange trading for
the branch.
* Acceptance credit: In acceptance credit, the exporter presents a bill of exchange payable to
him and drawn at the agreed tenor (that is, on a specified future date or event) on the bank that is
to accept it. The bank signs its acceptance on the bill and returns it to the exporter. The exporter
can then represent it for payment on maturity. Alternatively he can discount it in order to obtain
immediate payment
* Negotiation Credit: In Negotiation credit, the exporter has to present a bill of exchange
payable to him in addition to other documents that the bank negotiates.
The basic function of this department are outward and inward remittance of foreign exchange
from one country to another country. In the process of providing this remittance service, it sells
and buys foreign currency. The conversion of one currency into another takes place an agreed
rate of exchange, which the banker quotes, one for buying and another for selling. In such
transactions the foreign currencies are like am other commodities offered for sales and purchase,
the cost (convention value) being paid by the buyer in home currency, the legal tender.
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Inward remittance covers purchase of foreign currency in the form of foreign T.T., D.D, and
bills, T.C. etc. sent from abroad favoring a beneficiary in Bangladesh. Purchase of foreign
exchange is to be reported to Exchange control Department of Bangladesh bank on Form-C.
Outward remittance covers sales of foreign currency through issuing foreign T.T. Drafts,
Travelers Check etc. as well as sell of foreign exchange under L/C and against import bills
retired.
3. Passport endorsement.
4. Encashment certificate-
11. Preparation of Weekly, Monthly. Yearly Statement for Bangladesh Bank return timely.
Modes:
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Cash Sell Bank sells Dollar / Pound for using in abroad by the purchaser. The
Remittance maximum amount of such sell is mentioned in the Bangladesh Bank
Dollar/ publication of 'Convertibility of Taka for Currency Transactions in
Pound Bangladesh’
Purchase Bank can purchase dollar from resident and non - resident Bangladeshi
and Foreigner. Most dollars purchased comes from realization of Export
Bill of Exchange.
Buying of If any unused leaf of TC is surrendered bank buys it from the customer.
TC All payments are made in local currency. Banks generally
Telex Outward It remits fund by tested TT via its foreign correspondence bank in which
Transfer TT it is maintaining its NOSTRO Account.
Foreign Bank issue Demand Draft in favor of purchaser or any other according to, instruction
Demand of purchaser. The payee can collect it for the drawer bank in which the Issuing bank of
Draft Demand Draft holds its NOSTRO Account. Bank also makes payment on DD drawn
on this bank by its foreign correspondence bank through the VOSTRO Account.
In these processes of remittance, bank must have to make profit as a business institution. Profit is
made in two ways:
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1. Commission charged
Student File: Students who are desirous to study abroad can open file in the Bank. By opening
this file, bank assures the remittance of funds in abroad for study.
F.C Accounts: Foreign Currency Accounts opened in the names of Bangladeshi nationals or
persons of Bangladeshi origin working or self -employed abroad can now are maintained as long
as the account holders desires.
RFCD: Stands for Resident Foreign Currency Accounts. Persons" ordinary resident in
Bangladesh may maintain foreign currency accounts with foreign exchange brought in at abroad.
Balance of such accounts is freely remittable abroad.
The AD may without prior approval of the Bangladesh Bank open Foreign Currency (FC)
account in the name of:
1. Bangladesh national residing abroad.
2. Foreign nationals residing abroad/ in Bangladesh and also foreign firms
3. Registered abroad and operating in Bangladesh and abstract foreign missions and their
expatriate employees.
4. Resident of Bangladesh nationals working with the foreign / international organization
operating in Bangladesh provided their salary in paid in foreign currency.
Foreign exchange earned through business doves or service rendered in Bangladesh cannot be
put into these accounts.
No payment in foreign currency (FC) may be made to any resident in Bangladesh out of the
foreign currency (FC) account.
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All citizens of Bangladesh and other persons are residing to Bangladesh who became the owner
of any foreign currency (FC).
Papers required:
Passport photocopy.
1) Risk of non-delivery of goods: May not be delivered to the buyer due to some mishaps
frauds or any other reason.
2) Risk of receiving sub-standard goods: Till the time the goods are received under a
shipment none can be sure of the quality of the goods involved.
4) Risk of frauds in goods: Contracted to buy cement but got sand. The above risks trade
common to inland trade as also the foreign trade. There are some risk which are peculiar
to foreign exchange business.
5) Exchange risk: Exchange of currencies can cause loss to some parties – seller or buyer
due to the inherent risk of exchange rate fluctuation.
6) Failure of foreign banks: It may be possible that the foreign bank may not be able to
pay the equivalent due to bank failures.
Chapter Five
Foreign Exchange Performance Analysis
Market Category A
Electronic Share Y
Sponsor/Director
Share Percentage: 49.11 Govt.0 Institute 0 Foreign 0 Public 50.89
Remark EPS & NAV of 2006 is derived from company's newly adjusted Face Value.
Address of the Company:
Address: Rahman Mansion, 161, Motijheel, C/A, Dhaka - 1000
Fax: 88 - 02 - 9569351
To analyze the performance of AIBL in foreign exchange business I have established some
assumptions-
AB Bank Ltd.
HSBC
Citi Bank N. A.
However, the whole analysis is based on comparison & relationships between these banks & Al-
Arafah Islami Bank Ltd. The derived comparative results may vary if other banks are selected.
Page14
Here is the growth statistics of the banking sector (selected banks). The figures of 2008 are
estimated by the individual banks.
Comments:
In the above table we see that the growth in foreign exchange sector is negative both in the
selective banks & AIBL at 2005 & 2008. So we can say that the macroeconomic variables like
political turmoil, global economic situations are responsible factors for the downturn.
Comments:
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Here we see that a deep downturn in the year 2005 & 2008. This is because of political & other
macroeconomic variables.
Al-Arafah Islami Bank is lagging behind compared to the other banks in foreign
exchange business. But the bank has a consistent performance with the trend of
industry’s performance
The remittance business for Al-Arafah Islami Bank is significantly lower than the other
local competitors.
This can be a cause of customer focus /market segment of the bank
The bank has a huge amount of loan incentives for export & import business compared to
other performances in foreign exchange activities
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Comments:
Export operation of AIBL is significantly lower than other counterparts but consistent with the
ups & downs.
Page14
Comments:
Import operation of AIBL is also significantly lower than other counterparts but consistent with
the ups & downs.
Comments:
Remittance operation of AIBL is significantly lower than other counterparts and inconsistent
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with the ups & downs. They are much weaker in the remittance business.
Note: Comparison between AIBL & individual category wise banks are given in appendix1
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Anova (b)
Coefficients (a)
Standardized
Model Unstandardized Coefficients Coefficients t Sig.
Interpretation:
By coefficient of correlation (R), we can measure association between export and profit after tax
or import and profit after tax. Basically it provides the direction either positive or negative of the
correlation. The advantage of the coefficient of correlation is that it provides a measure of the
strength of the correlation & it gives the true direction of the correlation (+ or -) but only the
square root of the strength of the correlation.
As we know, the value -1 represents a perfect negative correlation that means when one
increases, the other decreases in exactly the same proportion. The value +1 represents when one
increases, the other increases in exactly the same proportion. The value 0 represents a lack of
correlation. Here correlation coefficient (R) of import & profit is 0.661
This clearly indicated the movement direction of the two variables. R of import is 0.661 which is
moderately positively correlated says that
If import business increases Tk. 1 then profit after tax will be increased by Tk. 0.66
R2 value of 0.437 indicates that about 43.7% of variations in the AIBL’s profits can be
explained by its import operations
Finally the results are significant at 33.9 % significance level.
Model Summary
Anova (b)
Sum of
Model Squares df Mean Square F Sig.
1 Regression 26910.334 1 26910.334 2.047 .289(a)
Residual 26286.416 2 13143.208
Total 53196.750 3
Coefficients (a)
Unstandardized Standardized
Model Coefficients Coefficients t Sig.
Interpretation:
Model Summary
Anova (b)
Sum of
Model Squares df Mean Square F Sig.
1 Regression 38792.188 2 19396.094 1.347 .520(a)
Residual 14404.562 1 14404.562
Total 53196.750 3
Coefficients (a)
Unstandardized Standardized
Model Coefficients Coefficients t Sig.
Interpretation:
(Amount in Crore)
Correlaton(Import, Profit) 0.6618027
Correlation(Export, Profit) 0.7121657
Average(Import) 16958
Average(Export) 7607
Interpretation:
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Here we see,
Bangladesh is a Muslim dense region. People of our country have a significant soft
corner in any matter regarding Islam. So the Islamic Banking also got a tremendous
support from the people especially from religious considerations
There are huge local people especially from the lower class families are abroad most in
the middle east as laborers
Most of these people are illiterate & they can’t operate banking activities in high end
banks like Standard Chartered, Dhaka Bank, Citi NA. With this market segment in
hand the Islami Banks like AIBL is growing rapidly
Moreover, they pay a lower rate of returns on deposits compared to conventional banks
As AIBL is doing business as profit and loss share basis, its interest is not fixed like
conventional banking system where interest is fixed. Clients have to pay the interest on
the amount he or she borrowed at a fixed rate whether they earn any profit or not utilizing
that loan.
Lack of latest or improved technologies and skilled manpower for operating foreign
exchange business.
Lack of sophisticated software for Islamic banking solution is a great problem in modern
banking era
Banks deal with documents not with goods. But according to Islam, bank should deal
with goods. So, today’s banking system is contradictory to Islami Shariah.
AIBL cannot show the interest as income received from Nostro A/C which means Local
Bank’s account with a Foreign Bank. For reserving funds at Nostro A/C, foreign banks
give 3 to 5% interest for using this currency. Because interest is strictly prohibited in
Islam, AIBL don’t take it rather it is contributed to the Bank Foundation.
Backward linkage is a problem for foreign exchange business which is related to back to
back L/C. Backward linkage refers to those small industries that support the large
industry.
There are some critics regarding most of these saying that it’s not but a flattery. Here we can see
some critics of Islamic Banking system:
Though the popularity notwithstanding, critics of Islamic economics have not been
sparing. It has been attacked for its alleged "incoherence, incompleteness, impracticality,
and irrelevance;” driven by "cultural identity" rather than problem solving.
Others have dismissed it as "a hodgepodge of populist and socialist ideas," in theory and
"nothing more than inefficient state control of the economy and some almost equally
ineffective redistribution policies," in practice.
In a political and regional context where Islamist and ulema claim to have an opinion
about everything, it is striking how little they have to say about this most central of
human activities, beyond repetitious pieties about how their model is neither capitalist
nor socialist.
So far withstanding critic of the Islamic financial practice pertains to its product’s
structure. Interest-bearing (Riba) and speculation-involving (Gharar) trading are clearly
prohibited by explicit canonical texts.
Presumably all the financial structures of all the Islamic products should be interest and
speculation free. Nevertheless, some new empirical studies hypothesize that “Islamic
finance products’ structure is based on the Islamic prohibitions; however, these products’
risk management is still based on revoking the underlying prohibitions”.
The most prominent case here is Islamic financial market products such as, inter alia,
Salam and Istisna’ these products are used are hedging methods for the Islamic bonds
Sukuk.
There have been some innovations that try to avoid falling in interest-based and/or
speculation based transactions. Parallel Salam and synthetics are the most recent.
In Bangladesh, many allegations have been drawn on Islami Sharaih based banks’
activities like funds.
There are several foundations like “Islami Bank Foundation” has severe allegations of
exploiting money in political purposes in the name of welfare projects or corporate
social responsibility.
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The study of Al-Arafah Islami Bank Ltd’s foreign exchange activities has revealed the following
about the bank-
They haven’t developed any ATM & Online services which is the main reason
for customers’ dissatisfaction to the bank
Foreign remittance inflows & outflows are very poor compared to other
selected banks
The bank has a biasness in HRD which unwelcome female workforce in the
bank
The employees of the bank lack of skills & excellence because of recruiting
system’s instability & lack of transparency
The software that the bank is using is very unsophisticated & hampers operations very
often
The bank normally target the lower segment of the market & those who are not used to
sophisticated banking service because of illiteracy
prompt service.
The bank is heavily concentrating on various deposit schemes as they have a strategic
advantage over the conventional commercial banks because of “Islami Shariah Based
Banking”
With the deposit scheme business the bank can invest the funds at a higher rate whereas
they pay a lower percentage of return compared to the conventional banks
The religious aspects of our local customers are also helpful to the bank to accumulate a
huge amount of funds as Muslims are religiously avoiding to take interest rather profit
sharing to their view
Their market segment is also an important factor which covers the low-end customers
who are not usual in other conventional banks
Deposit:
The total deposit of AIBL is increasing sharply. The total deposit of bank was Tk. 23009.13
million at 31st December 2007 as against Tk. 16775.33 million at 31st December 2006 recording
growth of 37.16% of which Tk. 685.50 million was bank deposit and general deposit was
22323.63 million Tk. The graph shows that the deposit collection rate is dramatically increasing
year to year:
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Investment
The investment of the Bank stood at Tk. 22906.37 Million as on 31 st December 2007 as against
Tk. 17423.19 Million in the previous year showing an increase by 31.47%. The growth of
Investment from 2004 to 2007 shown graphically, graph shows that every year the bank earns a
huge amount of income from Investment account.
Operating Profit
The Bank earned operating profit of Tk. 756.18 million during this year 2007 before the pre-tax
profit of the bank during the year 2006 was Tk. 969.77 million and thus the bank attained
negative growth of 22.02% in respect of operating profit. The growth of operating profit for the
year 2004 to 2007 is graphically given below. Political unrest, economic recession and many
other factors badly affected they total banking sector, so that it earn lower profit than the
previous year.
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The starting point of all the banking operations is General Banking. It is an important department
for all banks because it provides services to the customers day-to-day. Front Desk is the
important for general banking. Customers give their deposits and meet their demand for cash by
honoring Cheques. The customer opens new accounts, remit funds, issues bank drafts and pay
orders etc. There are various sections in this department, which are as follows: -
1) Cash Section
4) Remittance Section
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Tk. In Crore
2006 - - -
2005 - - -
Page14
Chapter Six
Performance of AIBL
Page14
Cash
2,019,209,679 1,755,452,638
2,682,983,634 1,026,446,776
Investments
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22,906,367,930 17,423,189,761
Liabilities:
23,009,128,287 16,775,335,248
712,461,587 471,085,265
347,344,759 470,095,930
Appropriation
116,568,732 171,093,937
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Earnings per share (2008) = No. of ordinary shares outstanding / Net profit after tax
(409,535,557 /
3,993,296) =
142.56 Taka
Earnings per share has been calculated in accordance with BAS-33: “Earning per Share (EPS)”
Fig ure2.6
Market
Value per Share
Page14
Figure2.7
Book Value per Share
= 23.81
= (409,535,557/2,453,557,156) = 30.86%
Total Assets:
Deposits:
Investments:
Figure2.16 Investments
Page14
Tk. In Crore
2006 - - -
2005 - - -
6.4.1 Deposit:
The Bank’s deposit collection rate is quite well such as in 2005 and 2007. It collected Tk. 102.48,
67.4 and 60.89 cores respectively although management targeted Tk.150, 100 and 60 cores
respectively. But it could not achieve its target in 2006 and 2007 because Economic recession,
political and for many other reasons. But in 2005 it achieve 101.50% of its target. The collection
of deposit is gradually increasing. That is shown by the graphically representation.
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6.4.2 Investment:
The Branch made more investment than its target in 2005.In 2005 its investment target was 16
Crore whereas its achievement was 17.70. In 2006 its target was 40 Crore, but achievement was
17.79. In 2007 it has achieved 42.22% of its total target. The investment is gradually increasing.
That is shown by the graphically representation.
6.4.3 Export:
AIBL New Elephant Road branch is less export oriented. in 2007 it has an export target of 20 lac
only whereas it has achieved 29 lac export which is 148.53% of target.
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6.4.4Import:
In 2005 the AIBL New Elephant Road Brach has achieved 94.68 %of its import target. Its target
was 15 crore where its achievement was 14.19 crore. In 2006 and 2007 Its import target was 30
and 20 crore respectively where its achievement was 12.51 and 20.06 crore respectively.
Achievement percentage in 2006 and 2007 was 41.7% and 100.31% respectively.
6.4.5 Profit:
The profit earning capacity of the branch is not good. This branch is failed to fulfill the targeted
profit in 2007. Its target was 10 crore where it achieved only 1.19 crore, which is 11.96% of its
target. The branch achieved 100.10% and 103.14% of its target 2005 & 2006 respectively. High
operating expense is the worst condition of profit. The graph shows how year to year the branch
earned its profit.
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SWOT Analysis
Internal External
Internal
Factors External
Factors
Factors Factors
Internal factors which are prevailing inside the concern which include Strength and
weakness.
On the other hand another factor is external factors which act as opportunity and threat.
6.5.1 Strength:
Efficient administration
6.5.2 Weakness:
Reluctance to ad campaign.
6.5.3 Opportunity:
6.5.4 Threats:
Page14
• Existing Human Resources are not sufficient for AIBL. They have to recruit more skilled
employees.
• Number of Branches are not satisfactory, AIBL have to give more emphasize on
increasing number of Branches.
• Recruitment and selection process is a time consuming and lengthy process and irregular.
• The whole activities of AIBL is not computerized, still there exist manual record keeping
system.
• The working environment in any branch is not congenial & appropriate. The working
desk provides sound pollution. It looks like a hall room.
• The modern technology is not used in the recruitment and selection process. The
backdated methods are using for selection till today.
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• Salary structure of AIBL is satisfactory comparing with other Islamic Banks, the pension
policy and the payment of pension to the employees are very fair and transparent.
• The transfer and promotion process is fair but the promotion is not faster.
• Most of the policies are backdated. Only the authority amends the policy but preserve the
old policy.
• The record keeping system is also backdated, not followed computerized system properly
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Chapter Seven
Recommendation & Conclusion
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7.1 Proposals
The overall analysis revealed that Al-Arafah Islami Bank Ltd. is not so much sophisticated in
Foreign Exchange Business. To overcome the problems in the foreign exchange activities I
would like to offer few proposals -
Concentrate on the high-end customers with a new advertising & marketing effort
Increase the skilled employees by revising the recruitment process
Eliminate the bias against female workforce
Establish corporate behavior & maintain chain of protocol in every section of the banks
activities
Establish a sophisticated IT-division by revising current problems
Establish ATM network immediately because without ATM network the bank can’t retain
customers in near future
One of the business strategies is promotion. Successful business depends how
they can promote their products or services to the customer. In this connection to
improve the business status bank should introduce more promotional programs.
Female workforce could be equally treated to grow up a descent corporate culture
Foreign exchange department should be fully computerized that the exchange process
would be convenient for both the bankers and the clients.
Delegation of authority should be made enough to make the speed of providing service
fast.
The bank should consider the customer complaint. For providing that service, bank can
launch Customer Service Department which is absent in the bank
The Bank should reexamine the salary structure of the employees which may attract
fresher and help to improve the productivity of existing employees.
The bank has to increase the number of Authorization Dealership (AD) license in order to
give more services to the clients. Page14
7.2 Recommendation:
• Customers are the heart of the organization. They should provide more space in the office
and if possible they should have some entertainment facility.
• Few branches are not under online banking system, so all the branches should confirm on
line banking system.
• The Bank should follow Islami Sharia strictly in every of its operation.
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• Bank should keep their annual report, brochure, bulletin etc. available to provide their
customer.
• Bank should increase their office space and take more care in interior decoration.
• Some new investment schemes are to be introduced for socio-economic development and
welfare of the distressed humanity.
• Finally the Bank should has the vision to automate its all operations and functionalities
and should be committed to achieve the goal to be a lead Bank in the country both in
service and in technical aspect and to fulfill the requirements of mass people.
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7.3 Conclusion:
The financial sector of our country is largely depended on banking sector. Over the decade the
banking business has been rising to the top of all. In this competitive banking business
environment, only excellent services are expected to sustain in the industry.
Although the growth of the bank was satisfactory over previous years, the growth in foreign
exchange business is not satisfactory. Especially in remittance business, the bank is lagging
behind with other banks. The target customers of the banks are low-end segment of the market &
the IT sector of the bank is very poor.
To retain customers & attract new customers, the bank has to establish ATM network
immediately because people now want to bank even at midnight.
The study of the foreign exchange activities of Al-Arafah Islami Bank Ltd has facilitated me
with experiencing a vast practical knowledge of banking operation & corporate work
environment.
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Bibliography
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Appendix
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The starting point of all the banking operations is General Banking. It is an important department
for all banks because it provides services to the customers day-to-day. Front Desk is the
important for general banking. Customers give their deposits and meet their demand for cash by
honoring Cheques. The customer opens new accounts, remit funds, issues bank drafts and pay
orders etc. There are various sections in this department, which are as follows: -
5) Cash Section
8) Remittance Section
1) Cash Section:
The most vital and important section of the branch is Cash Department. It deals with all kinds of
cash transactions. This department starts the day with cash in vault. Each day some cash that is
opening cash balance are transferred to the cash officers from the cash vault. Opening cash
balance is added by cash receipts and payments. The figure is called closing balance. This
balance is then added to the vault. This is the final cash balance figure for the bank at the end of
any particular day.
Cash Receipt Register : Cash receipt in whole of the day is recorded here.
Cash Payment Register : Cash payments are made in a day are entered here.
Rough Vault Register : Cash calculation for final entry in vault register is done here
as any error and correction here is not acceptable. ,
Local Remittance:
When money is sending from one place to another place for the customer is another important
service of banks. In addition, this service is an important part of country’s payment system. For
this service, people, especially businesspersons can transfer funds from one place to another
place very quickly. There are five kinds of techniques for remitting money from one place to
another place. These are:
1) Demand Draft
2) Telegraphic Transfer
3) Telephone Transfer
4) Pay Order
Telegraphic and Telephone Transfer (TT) are almost the same, both are them are known as TT in
short.
Pay Order:
Pay order gives the payee the right to claim payment from the issuing bank. It is payment from
issuing branch only. Within the clearinghouse area of issuing branch, Payment is made through
clearing.
Demand Draft:
TT:
This is a mode of transfer / remittance of customer’s money from a branch of one bank to
another branch of the sane bank or to a branch of another bank (with prior arrangement between
those banks with the TT issuing branch) through telephonic message. The issuing branch used to
send the message of such remittance /transfer to the drawer/payee branch through telephone
adding certain code number or test number on the basis of text key apparatus developed by the
concerned bank for its different branches.
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Mudaraba Kotipoti Scheme: This is the most popular & target oriented schemes. One can open
for 3,4,5,6,7,10,12,15,18,20 years and have to pay (Monthly installment) 2,39,500/- 1,69,500/-
1,27,500/- 99,500/- 80,000/- 46,000/- 33,450/- 21,485/- 14,330/- 11,100/- respectively and will
get 1corror.
Mudaraba milliner Scheme: For Mudaraba milliner Scheme 3,4,5,6,7,10,12,15,20 year’s monthly
installments are 23,950/- 16,950/- 12,750/- 9,950/- 8,000/- 4,600/- 3,345/- 2,170/- 1,150/-
respectively and will get 10million.
Mudaraba Lakhpoti Scheme: For Mudaraba Lakhpoti Scheme 3,5,8,10,12 year’s monthly
installments are 2,375/- 1,275/- 670/- 460/- 335/-/- respectively and will get 1lak.
2) A non-transferable deposit receipt will provide to the customer after opening the account.
3) If the deposit is withdrawn before a 5-year term, then saving interest rate will be applicable
and paid to the depositor. However, no in profit paid if the deposit is withdrawn within 1 year of
opening the account and Monthly Income paid to the customer will be adjusted from the
principal amount.
4) This scheme will be credited to the loan account until liquidation of the loan amount inclusive
of profit. A depositor can avail loan up to 80% of the deposit amount under this scheme.
5) Mudaraba Double Deposit: Savings works as the very foundation of development. Savings
is the prime source of business investment in a country. So it helps to build up capital. To create
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Al-Arafah Islami Bank offers Mudaraba Double Deposit. Here people put their money for double
return after 6years.
Clearing Department:
Cheques clearing section of Al-Arafah Islami Bank Ltd. receives cheque, demand drafts and pay
orders of their clients. Upon the receipt of the instrument the cheque clearing section examines:
The cheques clearing section of Al-Arafah Islami Bank Ltd., New Elephant Road Branch sends
Inter Branch Debit Advice (IBDA) to the head office on the receiving day of the instruments.
The main branch takes those instruments to the clearinghouse on the following day. If the
instruments are dishonored, Head Office of Al-Arafah Islami Bank Ltd. sends IBDA to the Al-
Arafah Islami Bank Ltd., New Elephant Road branch
The cheque clearing section of Al-Arafah Islami Bank Ltd., New Elephant Road branch sends
outward bills for collection (OBC) to the concerned paying branch to get Inter Branch Credit
Advice (IBCA) from the paying branch. If the paying branch dishonors the instrument, the
paying branch returns it to the Al-Arafah Islami Bank Ltd., New Elephant Road branch
describing why the instrument is dishonored.
Cash
2,019,209,679 1,755,452,638
2,682,983,634 1,026,446,776
Investments
22,906,367,930 17,423,189,761
Liabilities:
23,009,128,287 16,775,335,248
2,601,615 -----
/Securities
712,461,587 471,085,265
347,344,759 470,095,930
Appropriation
116,568,732 171,093,937
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