Anda di halaman 1dari 7

ELC093

ACADEMIC WRITING FOR FOUNDATION STUDIES

ORGAN SELLING SHOULD BE LEGALIZE

TERM PAPER 2
OUTLINE

PREPARED FOR:
MISS ELEYANA BINTI ABDULLAH

PREPARED BY:
NAZURA BINTI AZMAN 2016469076

GROUP:
(L3)
P1005 PRE-DEGREE OF LAW

OUTLINE =
ORGAN SELLING SHOULD BE LEGALIZED

I. INTRODUCTION
Imagine you are found dead in your school and been found out that your organs are
missing? How would people react to this? It is very shocking as this scenario happen to
a 17 years old Student in Georgia where he is found dead inside in a rolled up wrestling
mat at his own school and when his parent ask for autopsy, it is found that his brain,
liver, lungs are missing and is stuffed with newspaper. This crime happens because of
the scarcity of organ. Illegalizing organ selling does not help to solve this problem.
Therefore, organ selling should be legalized as saving more lives is more important, it
would boost the supply organ to solve the national shortage and it would decrease the
existing black market in organs.

II. BODY

A. Saving lives is more important

1. a lot of people die while waiting for transplant

a) In 1999, a little more than 40,000 Americans were on the sitting tight rundown for a
kidney, as indicated by the Scientific Registry of Transplant Recipients, a record that is
regulated by the administration (Pauline, 2011).

b) More than 34,000 individuals joined the waiting list in 2010; Less than 17,000 got one
and they die each year while waiting (Berger, 2011).

c) While waiting for transplantations, individuals are not supposed to ask a kidney from
your loved one. Sure donating organ is one of approach that can be done however it is
insufficient (Berger, 2011).

2. Organ market exploits the poor.

a) The research, which shows up in Medical Anthropology Quarterly, and creator's


decade-long study in the field depict an increasing worldwide market for body parts that
involve kidneys, livers and corneas ( Henion & Moniruzzaman, 2012).
b) Individuals marketing their organ such as Bangladeshi-born that lives in United States,
Europe and the Middle East are misused by exploitative dealers and beneficiaries
(Henion & Moniruzzaman, 2012).
c) Organ broker usually use beguiling advertisement to trap these sellers.

3. However, Many die because not able to find a suitable donor; as the system of connecting
patients and donors does not work properly

a) The world is facing a serious organ scarcity (Castro, 2003)

b) It is not easy to choose a suitable donor as there are a lot to be consider such as
blood grouping

c) Medical staff could save a lot of patient if they regularly find a suitable donor. (Kishore,
2005)

B. Boost supply of organ to solve national shortage.


1. People are willing to sell their organ in exchange they get paid

a. the donor does not receive any monetary remuneration in current system where organ
is donated

b. Erin and Harris opine in Journal in Medical Ethic that the supply of organ would
increase if organ market is legalized ( Erin & Harris, 2003).

c. As indicated by this perspective, being a living benefactor ought to be construct


exclusively with respect to having a feeling of benevolence, and not on having a yearning
for money related remuneration. In fact, be that as it may, "seller of organs would know
they had spared a life and would be sensibly made up for their hazard, time, and
charitableness, which would be undiminished by deal" (Erin & Harris, 2003).

2. Organ market leads to the increasing of crime rate

a. purchasing organs for rich patients from unethical clinics can makes the organized
criminals a fortune (Bindell, 2013).

b. Organ trafficking works in different ways. Victims can be hijacked and compelled to
surrender an organ; a few, out of budgetary edginess, consent to offer an organ; or they
are tricked into trusting they require an operation and the organ is expelled without
knowing (Bindell, 2013).

c. Some victim of organ market is killed after being paid a large sum (Bindell, 2013).

3. Offering monetary compensation will increase the number of people who would like to sell
their organ thus reducing the organ scarcity.

a) the numbers of transplant will increase thus reduce death and suffer on dialysis when
donator is given remuneration (Matas, 2008).

b) Arthur Matas Professor of Surgery at the University of Minnesota, stated that a well-
managed remuneration system is the only way to guarantee there were sufficient donor
for all transplantation patients ( Devlin, 2003)

c) each endeavour must be made to increment traditional living and perished donation,
however, no other option (or blend of choices) to remuneration will give adequate
quantities of kidneys (Devlin, 2008).

C. Decrease the existing of black market in organ

1. Illegalizing organ market has resulted in organ black market

a) Purchasing and merchandising human organs is illicit around the globe, and this has
brought about the production of a bootleg market with a specific end goal to take care of
the demand

b) Demand for human organs is much higher than the current supply has offered ascend
to an underground market in which destitute individuals are baited into surrendering their
organs at a value that is far not as much as the genuine value

c) The demand for organs far surpasses the accessible supply. In Western Europe, for
instance, roughly 40,000 patients are on sitting tight records for kidney transplants; in
any case, it is normal that exclusive around 1 in 4 of these patients will have the capacity
to get the organs that they require (Erin & Harris, 2003).

2. Selling an organ is an immoral act


a. Regardless of the Anti-trafficking in Person 2007 forbidding the selling organs, the
illicit exchange is driven by an expanded interest for kidneys which have thus been filled
by an ascent in diabetes around the world. (Tomlinson,2015)

b. Jeremy Chapman, from the Center for Transplant and Renal Research in Sydney
trusts that the state was paying somebody to surrender their organ would dishearten
relatives from going out on a limb to help their relative. (Devlin, 2008)

c. Jeremy Chapman additionally contends that relatives would begin to request cash to
give their friends and family organs after death. (Devlin, 2008)

3. However, legalizing organ market could prevent brokering and other (medical) practices
that aid or encourage trafficking.

a. Organ market could not happen without the contribution of medicinal staff.

b. A current organ trafficking system in South Africa shows the criminal association of
therapeutic staff, including nephrologists, specialists and regulatory staff who were
discovered blameworthy of performing more than 100 illicit kidney transplants and
getting installments for them (Ambagtsheer & Weimer,2011).

c. Committed examinations and endeavors to recognize plot in hospitals and other


criminal exercises, so, the requirement and police insight is important to bring such
cases to court, do not exists in different nations (Ambagtsheer and Weimer,2011).

III. CONCLUSION

According to Jack Kevorkian, five to thousands of people die every year waiting for organs
but nobody even care. Organ donations are not able to help these people as there is still
organ scarcity. Therefore, new law should be implemented which is legalizing organ selling
because saving lives is more important, it would boost the supply organ to solve national
shortage and decrease the existing organ black market. People have rights to keep on living.
As Lloyd Cohen says, "The best way to increase the supply of transplant organs is by
establishing a futures market in cadaveric organs...“.
REFERRENCES

Ambagtsheer, F., & Weimer, W. (2011). A Criminological Perspective: Why Prohibition of


Organ Trade Is Not Effective and How the Declaration of Istanbul Can Move Forward.
American Journal of Transplantation,12(3). Retrieved February 16, 2017 from
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/51861266_A_Criminological_Perspective_Why
_Prohibition_of_Organ_Trade_Is_Not_Effective_and_How_the_Declaration_of_Istanbul_
Can_Move_Forward

Berger,A.(2011, December 5 ). Why Selling Kidneys Should Be Legal. The New York Times.
Retrieved from http://www.nytimes.com/2011/12/06/opinion/why-selling-kidneys-should-
be-legal.html

Bindell,J.( 2013, July 1 ). Organ trafficking: a deadly trade. The Telegraph. Retrieved
February 14, 2017 from http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/10146338/Organ-
trafficking-a-deadly-trade.html

Castro, L.D (2003). Commodification and exploitation: arguments in favour of compensated


organ donation. Journal of Medical Ethics, 29(3). Retrieved February 16, 2017 from
http://jme.bmj.com/content/29/3/142.short

Devlin, K.,(2008, Jun 12). Organ donors 'should be paid'. The Telegraph. Retrieved February
16, 2017, from http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/health/2117116/Organ-donors-should-
be-paid.html

Erin, C.A. & Harris, J.(2003). An ethical market in human organs. Journal of Medical
Ethics.29(3). Retrieved February 16, 2017, from http://jme.bmj.com/content/29/3/137.full

Henion,A & Moniruzzaman, M. (2012). Growing market for human organs exploits poor.
Retrieved February 16,2017 from http://msutoday.msu.edu/news/2012/growing-market-
for-human-organs-exploits-poor/

Kishore, R.R (2005). Human organs, scarcities, and sale: morality revisited. Journal of
Medical Ethics, 31(6). Retrieved February 16, 2017, from
http://jme.bmj.com/content/31/6/362.full
Matas, A. J. (2008). Should we pay donors to increase the supply of organs for
transplantation? Yes. BMJ : British Medical Journal, 336(7657). Retrieved February
15,2017 from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2427086/

McLaughlin,A., Prusher, I.R., & Downie,A. (2004). What is a Kidney Worth. Retrieved on
february 15, 2017 from http://www.csmonitor.com/2004/0609/p01s03-wogi.html

Meikeng,Y. (2015, October 4). A price tag for human organs. The star Online. Retrieved
February 16, 2017 from http://www.thestar.com.my/news/nation/2015/10/04/a-price-tag-
for-human-organs/#APD6q7FflKOlH3sS.99

Pauline,J.(2011, March 28). The consequences of a donor kidney market. The Los Angeles
Times. Retrieved February 16, 2017 from
http://articles.latimes.com/2011/mar/28/health/la-he-pro-con-kidney-donors-20110328

Tomlinson, S. (2015, April 9 ). Inside the illegal hospitals performing thousands of black
market organ transplants every year for $200,000 a time. Dailymail. Retrieved February
16, 2017 from http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-3031784/Inside-illegal-hospitals-
performing-thousands-black-market-organ-transplants-year-200-000-
time.html#ixzz4YsUGt9jz

Anda mungkin juga menyukai