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Ultrasound Quiz 1

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Which of the following waves is able to follow a surface around a
1 curve?
A longitudinal wave
A shear wave
A surface wave
A Lamb wave

Longitudinal waves are also called:


2 Surface waves
Pressure waves
Compressional waves
Both B and C are correct

Sound can propagate as:


3 Longitudinal waves
Shear waves
Surface waves
All of the above

In the transverse or shear wave, the particles:


4 Move in an elliptical pattern
Oscillate at a right angle to the direction of wave propagation
Oscillate parallel to the direction of wave propagation
Do not actually move

Shear waves do not propagate in:


5 Solids
Gases
Liquids
Both B and C are correct

The active element of most acoustic transducers used today is:


6 Lithium
Piezoelectric ceramic
Sulfide
Quartz

Surface or Rayleigh waves travelling along the surface of relative thick


7 solid material, penetrate to a depth of approximately:
One wavelength
Two wavelengths
Three wavelengths
Infinite wavelengths
Which of the following waves is only able to travel through a thin
8 section of material?
A longitudinal wave
A shear waves
A surface wave
A lamb wave

The terms used to describe a technique s ability to locate flaws are:


9 Sensitivity and penetration
Space and time
Sensitivity and resolution
Frequency and size

Which of the following could influence the behavior of a transducer?


10 Electrical construction
Material construction
Mechanical construction
All of the above

When sound travels through a medium:


11 Its intensity diminishes with distance
It spreads perpendicular to the primary direction of wave travel
Its speed remains constant
All of the above

What type of transducer contains two independently operating


12 elements in a single housing?
Crystal mosaic transducer
Dual element transducer
Liquid crystal transducer
Bi polar transducer

In order to have a reasonable chance at detecting a discontinuity, the


13 reflective surface of the discontinuity must have a dimension that is at
least as long as ________ wavelength.
One-half
One
Two
0ne-quarter

The ability to locate a small discontinuity is called:


14 Resolution
Sensitivity
Wavelength
Frequency

The ability to locate discontinuities that are close together within the
15 material is called:
Resolution
Sensitivity
Effectiveness
Phase delay

Contact transducers often incorporate a:


16 Composite frequency adjustment
Vibration suppressor
Wear plate
Phase adjustment sensor

Resolution generally increases:


17 With increased depth of a defect
With a decrease in the transducer frequency
When the transducer diameter is reduced
With an increase in transducer frequency

As frequency increases, sound tends to:


18 Become more compressed
Scatter more from large or course grain structure
Convert to a different wave mode
Become more penetrating

The combined effect of scattering and absorption is called:


19 Shear factor
Propagation
Attenuation
Impedance

Acoustic impedance is identified by the letter:


20 Z
I
V
P

When an ultrasound wave passes through an interface between two


21 materials at an oblique angle, and the materials have different indices
of refraction, it produces:
Reflected waves
Refracted waves
Interface waves
Both A and B

When a wave encounters an interface at an oblique angle, what takes


22 place at the interface due to the different sound velocities of the two
materials?
Attenuation
Refraction
Beam spread
Beam impedance

The measure of how a signal from a defect compared to other


23 background reflections is called:
Acoustic impedance
Signal to noise ratio
Refraction
Reflection

The act of evaluating and adjusting the precision and accuracy of the
24 measurement equipment is called:
Standardization
Calibration
Accuracy
Tuning

Immersion transducers have:


25 An acoustical impedance matching layer
A large angle of refraction
A small angle of refraction
A large angle of reflection

What is used to support the active element and dampen the


26 transducers characteristics?
Resin
Oil
Backing material with a similar the impedance of the transducer
Any of the above will work

Some transducers are specifically fabricated to be:


27 Better transmitters
Better receivers
Used in high temperature applications
All of the above

Which type of transducer will have better resolution?


28 A slightly damped transducer
A small size and low frequency transducer
A highly damped transducer
All of the above

Less damped transducers will exhibit:


29 A wide frequency range
A wide resolution range
A shift in frequency range
A narrow frequency range
Ultrasound is generally defined as sound at frequency above the
30 threshold of human hearing, which is?
20,000 MHz
20,000 Hz
2 MHz
2 Hz

Contact transducers are used for direct contact inspections, and are
31 generally:
Used with an immersion tank
Used with an automated system
Used on complicated shaped parts
Hand manipulated

The sound that emanates from a piezoelectric transducer originates:


32 From a point on the active surface
From most of the active surface
From a small area in the center of the active surface
From the edges of the active surface

Within a given material, the speed of sound:


33 Is constant
Decreases with distance from the transducer
Increases with distance from the transducer
None of the above

What is the correct formula for calculating the wavelength when the
34 wave velocity and frequency are known?

None of the above

The area in front of a transducer where there are extensive fluctuations


35 in the sound field is called the:
Far field zone
Surface field zone
Near field zone
Phase shift zone

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