Department of Biology

COLLEGE OF ARTS AND SCIENCES

University of the Philippines Manila

BIOLOGY 22
GENERAL ZOOLOGY
SYLLABUS

COURSE NUMBER : Biology 22

COURSE TITLE : General Zoology
CREDITS : 5 units (3 hours lecture and 6 hours laboratory per week)
CO-REQUISITE : Chem. 14 & 14.1
COURSE DESCRIPTION : An introduction to the fundamental concepts of animal biology at the cellular and
organismic levels of organization. Included are treatments on cellular , tissues, and organ
structure and function, organism diversity, interaction among animals, animal development,
heredity, and basic concepts of evolution.

COURSE OBJECTIVES : At the end of the course, the students should be able to:
1. Explain the fundamental principles in the study of animal life.
2. Use the scientific approach in understanding the various aspects of animal life; and
3. Demonstrate awareness of the unity that ties all life and appreciate the diversity of all
life forms.

LECTURE PART:

Topics: Objectives:

Unit I: Levels of Organization Cell Metabolism and Energetics Unit I

A. Introduction and Manifestation of Life 1. Enumerate the different branches of zoology
B. Chemical Basis of Life 2. Discuss the attributes of life
C. Cell Structure and Function 3. Explain the chemical and physical basis of life
D. Cell Division 4. Describe the typical animal cell and enumerate
E. Cell Metabolism the different types of animal cells
F. Animal Tissue 5. Differentiate the two types of cell division:
mitosis and meiosis
6. Discuss the different metabolic processes that
occur inside the cell
7. Differentiate the various animal tissues and their
respective functions
FIRST LONG EXAMINATION
Unit II: Form and Function Unit II
(Anatomy and Physiology of Organ Systems) 1. Describe the structures constituting the organ-
A. Integumentary System system; cite their specific functions in animals
B. Skeletal System particularly in man
C. Nervous System 2. Discuss the physiology of the following:
D. Muscular System a) skin functions
E. Respiratory System b) bone formation
F. Digestive System c) nerve impulse conduction
d) muscle contraction
e) ventilation/breathing
f) digestion
3. Describe the organ-systems exhibited by various
forms of animals and cite their adaptations for a
specific mode of life
SECOND LONG EXAMINATION
Unit III: Form and Function Unit III
(Anatomy and Physiology of Organ Systems) 1. Describe the morphological and anatomical
A. Circulatory System structures of the organ-systems
B. Lymphatic System 2. Cite & discuss the integration of the circulatory,
C. Immune System lymphatic & immune systems
D. Excretory System 3. Discuss the various defense mechanisms of the
E. Endocrine System animal body
F. Reproductive System 4. Discuss the physiology of
a) circulation cardiac cycle
b) cell-mediated & humoral immune response
c) excretion
d) hormonal coordination and integration
e) reproduction
5. Describe different types of reproductive patterns
and compare types of reproduction
THIRD LONG EXAMINATION
Unit IV: Continuity of Life Unit IV
A. Animal Development 1. Describe the mechanism of animal development
B. Genetics 2. Describe the principles of inheritance &
C. Taxonomy/Systematics molecular basis of inheritance
D. Ecology 3. Compare and contrast non-Mendelian
E. Evolution inheritance from Mendelian inheritance
4. Differentiate taxonomy, classification and
systematics
5. Describe the major groups (phyla) of animals
and animal-like organisms
6. Describe the nature of the ecosystem and flow of
energy through the ecosystem
7. Name and describe the various terrestrial and
aquatic biomes
8. Discuss the theories of evolution
FOURTH LONG EXAMINATION

LABORATORY PART:

Exercises:
1. Microscopy
2. Cell Structure
3. Writing a Scientific Report
4. Cell Transport
5. Mitosis
6. Tissues
First Long Examination
7. Integumentary System
8. External Anatomy of Frog
9. Skeletal System
10. Muscular System
11. Muscle Physiology
12. Nervous System
13. Nervous Responses
Second Long Examination
14. Respiratory System
15. Physiology of Respiration
16. Digestive System
17. Physiology of Digestion
18. Circulatory System
 19. Physiology of Circulation
20. Urogenital System
Third Long Examination
21. Embryology
22. Genetics
23. Ecology
24. Symmetry and Body Plan
25. Diversity of Animals
Fourth Long Examination

COURSE REQUIREMENTS:

PRE-FINAL GRADE
Lecture Grade ……………………………………………………………………… 60%
4 Long Exams ………………………………………….. 80%
Quizzes ………………………………..………………... 15%
Assignments ……………………………………………. 5%

Laboratory Grade ………………………………………………………………….. 40%

4 Long Exams ………………………………………….. 70%
Quizzes………………………………………………….. 10%
Laboratory Reports (oral and written)………………….. 20%
and Laboratory Performance (manual, skills/attendance)

TOTAL PRE-FINAL GRADE……………………………………………………………. 100%

FINAL GRADE
Pre-Final Grade ………………………………… 80%
Final Examination………………………………. 20%
TOTAL GRADE 100%

1. The class standing at the end of the semester (Pre-final grade) is computed by adding 60% of the lecture grade and
40% of the laboratory grade. This becomes the Final Grade if the student is exempted from the Final Exam.
2. If the student takes the Final Exam his Final Grade is computed by adding 20% of his rating in the Final Exam and
80% of his Pre-Final Grade.
3. The Final Exam consists of questions from both the lecture and laboratory. It is given to the student who meets any
of the following conditions:
a. missed any examination due to a valid reason as certified by a physician; if more than two exams are missed,
the scores in the other exams will be zero.
b. has a Pre-Final grade below 70.0% (or 2.50)
c. has a grade of below 60.0 (3.0) in either lecture or laboratory
4. For a student who takes the finals:
a. If his/her combined prefinal (80%) and final exam score (20%) is above 60, then he/she passes the course.
b. If his/her combined prefinal (80%) and final exam score (20%) is 54 or below, he/she fails the course
c. If his/her combined prefinal (80%) and final exam score (20%) falls between 55-59: he/she gets a 4.0 and
be allowed to take removal exams only if:
i. he/she has a passing mark in both lecture and laboratory (computed even before taking the final exam)
ii. no excessive absences in both lecture and laboratory

Alternatively, a student with 55-59 combined prefinal and final exam grade and has a failing mark (<60) in
either lecture or laboratory or with excessive absences, will not be given a grade of 4.0 anymore but
automatically receives a grade of 5.0
GRADING SCALE:
93 – 100 - 1.00 75 – 79 - 2.25
90 – 92 - 1.25 70 – 74 - 2.50*
87 – 89 - 1.50 65 – 69 - 2.75
84 – 86 - 1.75 60 – 64 - 3.00
80 – 83 - 2.00 55 – 59 - 4.00 (see policy above)
54 BELOW - 5.00

*Exemption Grade

REFERENCES

Campbell N.A. and J.B. Reece. 2002 Biology 6th ed. USA Pearson Benjamin Cummings Publishers
Guyton A.C. and J.E. Hall. 1992. Human Physiology and Mechanisms of Diseases, 5th ed. Oxford Blackwell.
Hallare, A. Student Handbook in General Zoology. University of the Philippines Manila.
Hickman C.P. , Roberts L.S. and A. Larson. 2001. Integrated Principles of Zoology 11th ed. USA MCGraw-Hill Publishing
House.
Miller S.A. and J.B. Harley. 2002. Zoology 5th ed. USA McGraw a-Hill Publishing House
Raven, P.H. and G.B. Johnson. 1999: Biology, 5th ed.
Rough R. 1951. The Frog. its reproduction and development. New York: McGraw-Hill Book Company.
Starr, Cecie. 2003. Biology. A Human Emphasis 5th ed. Wadsworth Group.

LABORATORY RULES:

1. A monitor will be assigned for each laboratory period. He/She is responsible for accounting for the set of slides for
that period. The monitor should also immediately report to the laboratory instructor any lost or broken slides. If the
borrower of the lost or broken slide cannot be traced, the monitor is required to replace in kind. A receipt should be
presented together with the new slide bought as proof of purchase.
2. Student are held responsible for all specimen used in the laboratory. Al l unkept specimen will be discarded.
3. Glasswares and equipment should be cleaned before being returned to the stockroom.
4. EATING, SMOKING and LITTERING are absolutely prohibited in the laboratory.
5. The use of cell phones is strictly prohibited inside the classroom. Make sure that all cell phones are turned off or put
in silent mode before coming to class.
6. The laboratory should be kept cleaned and organized for the next class.