GROUP 1
WATER RESOURCES ENGINEERING
MEMBERS:
TAYAG, JENIZA ALLEN
FLORES, GERALDINE
DORADO, STEPHANY
RAMOS, KIM ADRIAN
LOGROSA, JELOU
BURCE, PAOLO BRUCE
YOHJILLE DESSA
USES OF WATER
CATEGORIES OF WATER USE
COMMERCIAL WATER USE INCLUDES FRESH
WATER FOR MOTELS, HOTELS, RESTAURANTS,
OFFICE BUILDINGS, OTHER COMMERCIAL
FACILITIES, AND CIVILIAN AND MILITARY
INSTITUTIONS. DOMESTIC WATER USE IS
PROBABLY THE MOST IMPORTANT DAILY USE
OF WATER FOR MOST PEOPLE.
DOMESTIC USE INCLUDES WATER THAT IS USED
IN THE HOME EVERY DAY, INCLUDING WATER
FOR NORMAL HOUSEHOLD PURPOSES, SUCH AS
DRINKING, FOOD PREPARATION, BATHING,
WASHING CLOTHES AND DISHES, FLUSHING
TOILETS, AND WATERING LAWNS AND
GARDENS.
INDUSTRIAL WATER USE IS A VALUABLE
RESOURCE TO THE NATION'S INDUSTRIES FOR
SUCH PURPOSES AS PROCESSING, CLEANING,
TRANSPORTATION, DILUTION, AND COOLING IN
MANUFACTURING FACILITIES.
IRRIGATION WATER USE IS WATER
ARTIFICIALLY APPLIED TO FARM, ORCHARD,
PASTURE, AND HORTICULTURAL CROPS, AS
WELL AS WATER USED TO IRRIGATE PASTURES,
FOR FROST AND FREEZE PROTECTION,
CHEMICAL APPLICATION, CROP COOLING,
HARVESTING, AND FOR THE LEACHING OF
SALTS FROM THE CROP ROOT ZONE.
LIVESTOCK WATER USE INCLUDES WATER FOR
STOCK ANIMALS, FEED LOTS, DAIRIES, FISH
FARMS, AND OTHER NONFARM NEEDS.
MINING WATER USE INCLUDES WATER FOR THE
EXTRACTION OF NATURALLY OCCURRING
MINERALS; SOLIDS, SUCH AS COAL AND ORES;
LIQUIDS, SUCH AS CRUDE PETROLEUM; AND
GASES, SUCH AS NATURAL GAS.
PUBLIC SUPPLY WATER USE REFERS TO WATER
WITHDRAWN BY PUBLIC AND PRIVATE WATER
SUPPLIERS, SUCH AS COUNTY AND MUNICIPAL
WATER WORKS, AND DELIVERED TO USERS FOR
DOMESTIC, COMMERCIAL, AND INDUSTRIAL
PURPOSES
THERMOELECTRIC POWER WATER USE IS THE
AMOUNT OF WATER USED IN THE PRODUCTION
OF ELECTRIC POWER GENERATED WITH HEAT.
WATER SUPPLY
 PROCESS OF PROVIDING WATER
 THE PHILIPPINES’ WATER SUPPLY SYSTEM
DATES BACK TO 1946 AFTER THE COUNTRY
ACHIEVED ITS INDEPENDENCE.
GOVERNMENT AGENCIES, LOCAL
INSTITUTIONS, NON-GOVERNMENT
ORGANIZATIONS, AND OTHER
CORPORATIONS ARE PRIMARILY IN CHARGE
IN THE OPERATION AND ADMINISTRATION
OF WATER SUPPLY AND SANITATION IN THE
COUNTRY.
METRO MANILA WATER SUPPLY SYSTEM
MAIN SOURCES ARE:
 ANGAT DAM - BULACAN
 IPO DAM - BULACAN
 LA MESA DAM - QUEZON CITY
WATER USE CLASSIFICATION

SUSTAINABLE WATER USE

SUSTAINABLE WATER USE IS BY MANAGING

AVAILABLE RESOURCES TO MEET NEEDS OF
PRESENT WHILE PRESERVING ECOLOGICAL
SYSTEMS AND MAINTAINING THIS VITAL
RESOURCE FOR FUTURE GENERATIONS

APPLY THE CONCEPT: THE SYSTEMS VIEW

LONG DURATION

PUBLIC POLICIES THAT ARE INTENDED TO BE

PERMANENT ARE AIMED AT THE IDEA OF
LONG DURATION. OVER MANY YEARS, FOR
EXAMPLE, WE HAVE METHODICALLY
INTERVENED IN THE NATURAL HYDROLOGIC
SYSTEM, ESPECIALLY IN WESTERN STATES, TO
MOVE WATER FROM ITS ORIGIN TO WHERE
WE WANT IT TO BE. AS TIME HAS
PROGRESSED, WE HAVE DISCOVERED THAT
THIS POLICY BECOMES MORE DIFFICULT;
ADVERSE IMPACTS HAVE BEEN DISCOVERED,
AND NOW WE ARE RETHINKING THE WHOLE
POLICY. BUT, BY NOW THERE ARE MAJOR
POPULATION AND ECONOMIC CENTERS IN
AREAS THAT COULD NEVER SUSTAIN THEM
WITHOUT ENGINEERING INTERVENTION.
REASONABLE USE RATE
IT WOULD SEEM OBVIOUS THAT A NATURAL
RESOURCE LIKE WATER CANNOT BE USED
INDEFINITELY AT A GREATER RATE THAN IT CAN
BE RENEWED, WHICH USUALLY OCCURS VIA
NATURAL PROCESSES. GROUND WATER
DEPLETION HAS BEEN, AND IN SOME CASES
CONTINUES TO BE, A MAJOR PROBLEM. THE
IDEA OF “WATER MINING” REGARDS WATER AS
A RESOURCE TO BE USED UNTIL EXHAUSTED,
AND IGNORES RENEWAL ENTIRELY. IN MANY
CASES DEEP WATER AQUIFERS OF VARIOUS
KINDS CONTAIN WATER THAT TAKES
THOUSANDS OF YEARS TO REACH THE AQUIFER,
SO THAT THE RENEWAL RATE IS LESS THAN THE
PUMPING RATE BY MANY ORDERS OF
MAGNITUDE.
MODERATE SOLUTIONS
MODERATE PUBLIC POLICIES ARE THOSE
WHICH TEND TO AVOID EXTREME SOLUTIONS
TO PROBLEMS ABOUT WATER RESOURCES.
LIBERAL APPLICATION OF WATER, FERTILIZERS,
AND PESTICIDES TO AGRICULTURAL REGIONS
HAS LED TO RUNOFF, SOIL EROSION, AND
NONPOINT SOURCE CONTAMINATION. THE
EXTREME CASES TEND TO BE THOSE OF TOO
GREAT A CONCENTRATION OR DENSITY OF
HUMAN ACTIVITY. IN THIS KIND OF DECISION
MAKING TRAP, EACH STEP SEEMS TO BE
RELATIVELY HARMLESS, YET OVER TIME
ACCUMULATED DECISIONS LEAD TO SERIOUS
PROBLEMS.
FLEXIBILITY
PERIODIC MONITORING AND DETERMINING
HOW TO REVERSE THE POLICY BECOME
IMPORTANT. WE SHOULD BE ABLE TO LEARN
LESSONS FROM EXPERIENCE BUT STAY ON THE
PATH OF IMPROVING SUSTAINABILITY. THESE
NOTIONS HAVE SELDOM BEEN PART OF PUBLIC
WATER POLICY, BUT WOULD GO FAR TO AVOID
SOME OF THE PROBLEMS WE SEE TODAY.
KEY GOALS ARE TO CONTINUOUSLY IMPROVE
SUCCESSFUL WATER CONSERVATION
PROGRAM, DEVELOP NEW STRATEGIES TO
MAXIMIZE USE OF SURFACE RUNOFF AND
PRESERVE TREATED DOMESTIC WATER FOR
CRITICAL USES, AND PROTECT WATER-
DEPENDENT HABITAT.
WATER CODE OF THE PHILIPPINES
PRESIDENTIAL DECREE NO. 1067
A DECREE INSTITUTING A WATER CODE,
CONSERVATION AND PROTECTION OF WATER
RESOURCES
CHAPTER 1
DECLARATION OF OBJECTIVES AND PRINCIPLES
THIS CODE SHALL BE KNOWN AS THE WATER
CODE OF THE PHILIPPINES. THE OBJECTIVES OF
THIS CODE ARE:
• TO ESTABLISH THE BASIC PRINCIPLES AND
FRAMEWORK RELATING TO THE
APPROPRIATION, CONTROL AND
CONSERVATION OF WATER RESOURCES TO
ACHIEVE THE OPTIMUM DEVELOPMENT AND
RATIONAL UTILIZATION OF THESE RESOURCES;
• TO DEFINE THE EXTENT OF THE RIGHTS AND
OBLIGATIONS OF WATER USERS AND OWNERS
INCLUDING THE PROTECTION AND REGULATION
OF SUCH RIGHTS.
CHAPTER 2
OWNERSHIP OF WATERS
THE FOLLOWING BELONG TO THE STATE:
• RIVERS AND THEIR NATURAL BEDS
• ATMOSPHERIC WATER
• SEAWATER
• NATURAL LAKES AND LAGOONS.
THE FOLLOWING WATERS FOUND ON PRIVATE
LANDS BELONG TO THE STATE:
• RAIN WATER FALLING ON SUCH LANDS
• WATER IN SWAMPS AND MARSHES
• LAKES AND LAGOONS NATURALLY OCCURING
ON SUCH LANDS.
CHAPTER 3
APPROPRIATION OF WATER
APPROPRIATION OF WATER, AS USED IN THIS
CODE, IS THE ACQUISITION OF RIGHTS OVER
THE USE OF WATERS TAKING OR DIVERTING OF
WATERS FROM A NATURAL SOURCE IN THE
MANNER AND FOR ANY PURPOSE ALLOWED BY
LAW.
WATER MAY BE APPROPRIATED FOR THE
FOLLOWING PURPOSES:
• DOMESTIC
• MUNICIPAL
• RECREATIONAL
• FISHERIES
• POWER GENERATION
CHAPTER 4
UTILIZATION OF WATER
FOR THIS PURPOSE THE COUNCIL SHALL
PROMULGATE RULES AND REGULATIONS AND
DECLARE THE EXISTENCE OF CONTROL AREAS
AND ITS PROTECTION.
WHEN THE REUSE OF WASTE WATER ID
FEASIBLE, IT SHALL BE LIMITED AS MUCH AS
POSSIBLE, TO SUCH USES OTHER THAN DIRECT
HUMAN CONSUMPTION.
WATER CONTAINED IN OPEN CANALS OR
RESERVOIRS OF PRIVATE PERSONS MAY BE
USED BY ANY PERSON DOR DOMESTIC PURPOSE
OR FOR WATERING PLANTS .
CHAPTER 5
CONTROL OF WATERS
TO PROMOTE THE BEST INTEREST AND THE
COORDINATED PROTECTION OF FLOOD PLAIN
LANDS, THE SECRETARY OF PUBLIC WORKS,
TRANSPORTATION AND COMMUNICATIONS
MAY DECLARE FLOOD CONTROL.
THE GOVERNMENT MAY CONSTRUCT
NECESSARY FLOOD CONTROL STRUCTURE.
THE OWNERS OF THE LAND THUS AFFECTED
ARE NOT ENTITLED TO COMPENSATION FOR
ANY DAMAGE SUSTAINED THEREBY.
WHOEVER OPERATES THE RESERVOIR SHALL
RELEASE WATER FOR MINIMUM STREAM
FLOW.
WATER FOR ENERGY PRODUCTION
HYDRO-POWER
FLOWING WATER CREATES ENERGY THAT CAN
BE CAPTURED AND TURNED INTO ELECTRICITY.
THIS IS CALLED HYDROELECTRIC
POWER OR HYDROPOWER.
HYDROPOWER IS A VERSATILE, FLEXIBLE
TECHNOLOGY THAT AT ITS SMALLEST CAN
POWER A SINGLE HOME, AND AT ITS LARGEST
CAN SUPPLY INDUSTRY AND THE PUBLIC WITH
RENEWABLE ELECTRICITY ON A NATIONAL AND
EVEN REGIONAL SCALE.
TYPES OF HYDRO-POWER
 RUN-OF-RIVER HYDROPOWER
 STORAGE HYDROPOWER
 PUMPED-STORAGE HYDROPOWER
 OFFSHORE HYDROPOWER