DAFTAR GAMBAR

Halaman

Gambar 2.1 Ruang Laboratorium Lumpur dan Semen

Tampak Depan ..................................................................... 6
Gambar 2.2 Ruang Laboratorium Lumpur dan Semen Tampak Dalam ... 7
Gambar 3.1 Diagram Komponen Penyusun Batuan ................................. 11
Gambar 3.2 Skema Perbandingan Porositas ............................................. 20
Gambar 3.3 Diagram Percobaan Pengukuran Permeabilitias ................... 23
Gambar 3.4 Diagram Percobaan Pengukuran Permeabilitas Absolut....... 24
Gambar 3.5 Kurva Permeabilitas Efektif Untuk Sistem
Minyak Dan Air .................................................................. 26
Gambar 3.6 Profil Saturasi Fluida Di Reservoir ....................................... 28
Gambar 3.7 Tekanan Dalam Pipa Kapiler ................................................ 30
Gambar 3.8 Pembasahan Fluida Dalam Pori-Pori Batuan ........................ 32
Gambar 3.9 Kesetimbangan Gaya-Gaya Pada Batas
Air-Minyak-Padatan .............................................................. 32
Gambar 3.10 Sudut Kontak Antara Permukaan Air Dengan
Hidrokarbonpada Permukaan Silika ..................................... 33
Gambar 3.11 Sudut Kontak Antara Permukaan Air Dengan Hidrokarbon
Pada Permukaan Kalsit ......................................................... 33
Gambar 3.12 Kompressibilitas Pori Pada Batuan ....................................... 35
Gambar 3.13 Grafik µg Vs T Untuk Gas Pada P Atmosfer ........................ 39
Gambar 3.14 Faktor Kompressibilitas Untuk Natural Gas ......................... 43
Gambar 3.15 Hubungan Viskositas Terhadap Tekanan.............................. 45
Gambar 3.16 Rs Sebagai Fungsi Tekanan .................................................. 46
Gambar 3.17 Ciri Alur Faktor Volume Formasi Terhadap
Tekanan Untuk Minyak ........................................................ 47
Gambar 318 Pengaruh Konsentrasi Garam Dan Temperatur Pada
Densitas Air Formasi ........................................................... 49

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Halaman
Gambar 3.19 Viskositas Air Pada Tekanan Dan Temperatur Reservoir .... 49
Gambar 3.20 Grafik Kelarutan Gas Dalam Air .......................................... 50
Gambar 3.21 Faktor Volume Air Formasi Sebagai Fungsi Dari Tekanan
Dan Temperatur .................................................................... 51
Gambar 3.22 Kompressibilitas Air Formasi Sebagai Fungsi Tekanan
Dan Temperatur .................................................................... 52
Gambar 3.23 Sistem Pengangkatan ............................................................ 57
Gambar 3.24 Substrukctur .......................................................................... 58
Gambar 3.25 Rig Floor ............................................................................... 60
Gambar 3.26 Drilling Tower ....................................................................... 62
Gambar 3.27 Drawwork.............................................................................. 64
Gambar 3.28 Overhead Tools ..................................................................... 65
Gambar 3.29 Crown Block ......................................................................... 65
Gambar 3.30 Travelling Block.................................................................... 66
Gambar 3.31 Hook ...................................................................................... 67
Gambar 3.32 Elevator ................................................................................. 67
Gambar 3.33 Drilling Line .......................................................................... 69
Gambar 3.34 Sistem Pemutar ..................................................................... 70
Gambar 3.35 Meja Putar ............................................................................. 71
Gambar 3.36 Master Bushing ..................................................................... 72
Gambar 3.37 Kelly Bushing ....................................................................... 72
Gambar 3.38 Rotary Slip ............................................................................ 73
Gambar 3.39 Swivel.................................................................................... 75
Gambar 3.40 Kelly ...................................................................................... 74
Gambar 3.41 Drill Pipe ............................................................................... 76
Gambar 3.42 Drill Collar ............................................................................ 78
Gambar 3.43 Mata Bor................................................................................ 81
Gambar 3.44 Stabilizer ............................................................................... 82

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Gambar 3.45 Rotary Reamers ..................................................................... 83
Gambar 3.46 Sistem Sirkulasi..................................................................... 84
Gambar 3.47 Mud Pump Dan Mud Pid ...................................................... 88
Gambar 3.48 Mud Gas Sparator ................................................................ 89
Gambar 3.49 Shale Shaker ........................................................................ 89
Gambar 3.50 Degasser............................................................................... 90
Gambar 3.51 Desilter................................................................................. 90
Gambar 3.52 Skema Recondition Area ..................................................... 91
Gambar 3.53 Annular ................................................................................ 92
Gambar 3.54 Rangkaian BOP ................................................................... 94
Gambar 3.55 Prime Mover ........................................................................ 95
Gambar 3.56 Skema Transmisi Mekanik .................................................. 97
Gambar 3.57 Skema Transmisi Elektric .................................................... 98
Gambar 3.58 Kontruksi Sumur.................................................................. 99
Gambar 3.59 Surface Casing ..................................................................... 102
Gambar 3.60 Intermediate Casing ............................................................. 103
Gambar 3.61 Liner Casing ........................................................................ 104
Gambar 3.62 Tipe Sambungan Casing ...................................................... 107
Gambar 3.63 Kondisi Pembebanan Collapse ............................................ 109
Gambar 3.64 Ilustrasi Pembebanan Burst Pada Casing ............................ 110
Gambar 3.65 Temperature Vs Pumpability Time ..................................... 123
Gambar 3.66 Tekanan Vs Compresive Strenght ....................................... 126
Gambar 3.67 Mixer Dan Automatic Cemen Mixer ................................... 127
Gambar 3.68 Pompa Semen ...................................................................... 128
Gambar 3.69 Cementing Head .................................................................. 128
Gambar 3.70 Mixing Tank ......................................................................... 129
Gambar 3.71 Treating Line ....................................................................... 129
Gambar 3.72 Tubing .................................................................................. 130

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Halaman
Gambar 3.73 Squeeze Packer .................................................................... 130
Gambar 3.74 Buttom Plug ......................................................................... 131
Gambar 3.75 Top Plug .............................................................................. 131
Gambar 3.76 Skema Penyemenan ............................................................. 132
Gambar 4.1 Gelas Ukur ........................................................................... 136
Gambar 4.2 Timbangan Neraca Kasar .................................................... 137
Gambar 4.3 Multi Mixer .......................................................................... 137
Gambar 4.4 Slurry Chamber ................................................................... 138
Gambar 4.5 Cetakan Kubik ..................................................................... 139
Gambar 4.6 Silinder Casing .................................................................... 139
Gambar 4.7 Mud Balance ........................................................................ 140
Gambar 4.8 Rangkaian Slurry Cup ......................................................... 141
Gambar 4.9 Potentiometer....................................................................... 141
Gambar 4.10 Atmospheric Consistometer ................................................. 142
Gambar 4.11 Stopwatch............................................................................. 143
Gambar 4.12 Gelas Ukur Filter Press ....................................................... 143
Gambar 4.13 Filter Press .......................................................................... 144
Gambar 4.12 Hydraulic Press ................................................................... 144
Gambar 5.1 Grafik Densitas Vs Sampel II dan I ..................................... 165
Gambar 5.2 Grafik Free Water Vs Sampel II dan I ................................ 166
Gambar 5.3 Grafik Filtration Loss Vs Sampel II dan I ........................... 168
Gambar 5.4 Grafik Thickening Time Vs Sampel II dan I ........................ 170
Gambar 5.5 Grafik Compressive Strength Vs Sampel II dan I ............... 172
Gambar 5.6 Grafik Shear Bond Strength Vs Sampel II dan I ................. 175
Gambar 5.7 Grafik Densitas Vs Sampel III dan I ................................... 177
Gambar 5.8 Grafik Free Water Vs Sampel III dan I ............................... 179
Gambar 5.9 Grafik Filtration Loss Vs Sampel III dan I ......................... 181
Gambar 5.10 Grafik Thickening Time Vs Sampel III dan I ........................... 183

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Gambar 5.11 Grafik Compressive Strength Vs Sampel III dan I ................. 185
Gambar 5.12 Grafik Shear Bond Strength Vs Sampel III dan I ................... 188
Gambar 5.13 Grafik Densitas Vs Sampel IV dan I........................................... 190
Gambar 5.14 Grafik Free Water Vs Sampel IV dan I ..................................... 191
Gambar 5.15 Grafik Filtration Loss Vs Sampel IV dan I .............................. 193
Gambar 5.16 Grafik Thickening Time Vs Sampel IV dan I ........................... 195
Gambar 5.17 Grafik Compressive Strength Vs Sampel IV dan I ................. 198
Gambar 5.18 Grafik Shear Bond Strength Vs Sampel IV dan I ................... 201

Gambar 6.1 Grafik Karakteristik Semen Dengan

Penambahan Abu Merapi .................................................... 216

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