NERACA MASSA

Basis 50000 ton/tahun

50000000 kg CaCl2/tahun
Pabrik beroperasi 330 hari/tahun
Produksi 6313.1313131 kg CaCl2/jam
kemurnian produk 97 %
Jumlah CaCl2 6123.7373737 kg/jam
Kandungan air 189.39393939 kg/jam
konversi reaksi 0.99

efisiensi RVF 94 % = 0.94

jumlah umpan CaCO3 masuk ke RVF = 5756.313131

Perhitungan Jumlah Umpan

Reaksi
CaCO3 + 2HCl → CaCl2 + H2O + CO2

Jumlah CaCl2 dalam produk 5756.313131 hari/tahun

BM CaCl2 110.98 kg/kmol
mol cacl2 51.86802245 kmol/jam

konversi 0.99

mol umpan caco3 52.39194187 kmol/jam

BM caco3 100.087 kg/kmol
umpan caco3 yang dibutuhkan 5243.752286 kg/jam

REAKTOR
komponen batu kapur
Laju Alir
No Komponen BM kg/kmolKomposisi %-wt
kg/jam kmol/jam
1 CaCO3 100.0869 97 5086.4397 50.8202
2 MgCO3 84.3139 0.3 15.7313 0.1866
3 Fe2O3 159.69 0.01 0.5244 0.0033
4 Al2O3 101.96 0.09 4.7194 0.0463
5 H2O 18.01528 2.6 136.3376 7.5679
total 100 5243.7523 58.6243

komponen asam klorida

Laju Alir
No Komponen BM kg/kmolKomposisi %-wt
kg/jam kmol/jam
 1 HCl 36.46 33 4028.4603 110.4899
2 H2O 18.01528 67 8178.9951 454.0032
total 100 12207.4553 564.4931

Reaksi Utama CaCO3 + 2HCl → CaCl2 + H2O + CO2

Konversi = 0.99

caco3 mula - mula = 50.8202 kmol/jam

caco3 bereaksi = 50.3120 kmol/jam
caco3 sisa reaksi = 0.5082 kmol/jam
bm caco3 = 100.0869 kg/kmol
berat caco3 sisa reaksi = 50.8644 kg/jam

hcl mula - mula = 110.4899 kmol/jam

hcl bereaksi = 100.6241 kmol/jam
hcl sisa reaksi = 9.8658 kmol/jam
bm hcl = 36.4600 kg/kmol
berat hcl sisa reaksi = 359.7069 kg/jam

cacl2 hasil reaksi = 50.3120 kmol/jam

bm cacl2 = 110.9800 kg/kmol
berat cacl2 hasil reaksi = 5583.6293 kg/jam

h2o hasil reaksi = 511.8831 kmol/jam

bm h2o = 18.0153 kg/kmol
berat h2o hasil reaksi = 9221.7180 kg/jam

co2 hasil reaksi = 50.3120 kmol/jam

bm co2 = 44.0100 kg/kmol
berat co2 hasil reaksi = 2214.2325 kg/jam

Reaksi Samping mgco3 + 2hcl → mgcl2 + co2 + h2o

berat mgco3 15.7313 kg/jam

bm mgco3 84.3139 kg/kmol
mol mgco3 0.1866 kmol/jam

mol hcl 0.3732 kmol/jam

bm hcl 36.4600 kg/kmol
berat hcl 13.6054 kg/jam
mol mgcl2 0.1866 kmol/jam
bm mgcl2 95.2110 kg/kmol
berat mgcl2 17.7644 kg/jam

mol co2 0.1866 kmol/jam

bm co2 44.0100 kg/kmol
berat co2 8.2114 kg/jam

mol h2o 0.1866 kmol/jam

bm h2o 18.0153 kg/kmol
berat h2o 3.3613 kg/jam

fe2o3 + 6hcl → 2fecl3 + 3h2o

berat fe2o3 0.5244 kg/jam

bm fe2o3 159.6900 kg/kmol
mol fe2o3 0.0033 kmol/jam

mol hcl 0.0197 kmol/jam

bm hcl 36.4600 kg/kmol
berat hcl 0.7183 kg/jam

mol fecl3 0.0066

bm fecl3 162.2000
berat fecl3 1.0652

mol h2o 0.0099

bm h2o 18.0153
berat h2o 0.1775

al2o3 + 6 hcl → 2 alcl3 + 3 h2o

berat al2o3 4.7194

bm al2o3 101.9600
mol al2o3 0.0463

mol hcl 0.2777

bm hcl 36.4600
berat hcl 10.1256

mol alcl3 0.0926

bm alcl3 133.3400
berat alcl3 12.3437
mol h2o 0.1389
bm h2o 18.0153
berat h2o 2.5016

Input
No Komponen BM Arus 1 Arus 2
kmol/jam kg/jam kmol/jam kg/jam
1 CaCO3 100.09 50.8202 5086.440
2 MgCO 84.31 0.1866 15.731
3 Fe2O3 159.69 0.0033 0.524
4 Al2O3 101.96 0.0463 4.719
5 HCl 36.46 110.490 4028.460
6 H2O 18.0 7.5679 136.338 454.003 8178.995
7 CaCl2 110.98
8 MgCl2 95.21
9 FeCl3 162.20
10 Al2Cl3 133.34
11 CO2 44.01
TOTAL 5243.752 12207.455

Cek balance input 17451.208

Output 17451.208

REAKTOR NETRALIZER
BM Ca(OH)2 74.0077

Reaksi Utama 2 HCl + Ca(OH)2 --> CaCl2 + 2H2O

HCl mula -mula = 9.195 kmol/jam

berat Hcl 335.258

Ca(OH)2 mula-mula = 4.598

bm Ca(OH)2 = 74.008
berat Ca(OH)2 = 340.258

mol CaCl2 = 4.598

bm CaCl2 110.982
berat CaCl2 510.250

mol H2O 9.1952139825

bm H2O 18.01528
berat H2O 165.65435456

Reaksi Samping MgCl2 + Ca(OH)2 --> CaCl2 + Mg(OH)2

mol MgCl2 mula-mula 0.187

berat MgCl2 17.764

mol Ca(OH)2 0.187

bm Ca(OH)2 74.01
berat Ca(OH)2 13.808

Mol CaCl2 0.187

bm CaCl2 110.982
berat CaCl2 20.707

mol Mg(OH)2 0.187

bm Mg(OH)2 58.444
berat Mg(OH)2 10.905

2 FeCl3 + 3 Ca(OH)2 --> 3 CaCl2 + 2 Fe(OH)3

Mol FeCl3 mula-mula 0.007

berat FeCl3 1.065

mol Ca(OH)2 0.010

bm Ca(OH)2 74.01
berat Ca(OH)2 0.729

mol CaCl2 0.010

bm CaCl2 110.982
berat CaCl2 1.093

mol Fe(OH)3 0.007

bm Fe(OH)3 88.944
berat Fe(OH)3 0.584

2 AlCl3 + 3 Ca(OH)2 --> 3 CaCl2 + 2 Al(OH)3

mol AlCl3 mula-mula 0.093

berat AlCl3 12.344

mol Ca(OH) 0.139

bm Ca(OH)2 74.01
berat Ca(OH)2 10.277

mol CaCl2 0.139

bm CaCl2 110.982
berat CaCl2 15.411

mol Al(OH)3 0.093

bm Al(OH)3 78.465
berat Al(OH)3 7.264

Input
No Komponen BM Arus 4 Arus 5
kmol/jam kg/jam kmol/jam kg/jam
1 CaCO3 100.09 0.508 50.864
2 HCl 36.46 9.195 335.258
3 H2O 18.02 512.218 9227.758 81.139 1461.747
4 CaCl2 110.98 50.312 5583.710
5 MgCl2 95.21 0.187 17.764
6 FeCl3 162.2 0.007 1.065
7 AlCl3 133.34 0.093 12.344
8 Ca(OH)2 74.01 4.933 365.437
9 Mg(OH)2 58.44
10 Fe(OH)3 88.94
11 Al(OH)3 78.47
TOTAL 15228.763 1827.183

Cek Balance Input 17055.947

Output 17055.947

ROTARY VACUUM FILTER

massa CaCl2 6131.171 kg/jam = 6131170.663 g/jam

air yang tersedia 10855.159 kg/jam = 10855159.18 g/jam
densitas air 0.98 g/ml
efisiensi 0.94
air yang tersedia 11076693 ml/jam 0.998787623
kebutuhan air 11076.69304 kg/jam
kekurangan air 221.534
asumsi CaCl2 yang ikut cake sebesar = 0.9987876232
 Kelarutan Input
No Komponen BM dalam 100ml Arus 6 Arus 7
air kmol/jam kg/jam kmol/jam
1 CaCO3 100.09 0.001 0.508 50.864
2 H2O 18.02 100.000 602.553 10855.159 12.297
3 CaCl2 110.98 74.500 55.245 6131.171
4 Mg(OH)2 58.44 0.009 0.187 10.905
5 Fe(OH)3 88.94 0.000 0.007 0.584
6 Al(OH)3 78.47 0.000 0.093 7.264
TOTAL 17055.947

Cek Balance Input 17277.481

Output 17277.481

EVAPORATOR

T=105 C P= 1 atm
efisiensi alat 0.4
H2O dalam produk 0.6
Massa CaCl2 6123.737

massa H2O 11068.130

massa H2O dalam produk bawah 3674.2424242
H2O yang harus diuapkan 7393.888
total umpan 17191.869

Bawah Atas
F=V+L F=V+L
L=F-V V=F-L
L= 9797.981 V= 7393.888

Input Output
No Komponen BM Arus 8 Arus 10
kmol/jam kg/jam kmol/jam kg/jam
1 CaCO3 100.09 0.000 0.001
2 H2O 18.02 614.375 11068.130 410.423 7393.888
3 CaCl2 110.98 55.178 6123.737
4 Mg(OH)2 58.44 0.000 0.001
TOTAL 17191.869 7393.888

Cek Balance Input 17191.869

Output 17191.869
CRYSTALIZER

T= 70 C

efisiensi 0.2
0.8

Input
No Komponen BM Arus 11 Arus 15
kmol/jam kg/jam kmol/jam kg/jam
1 CaCO3 100.09 0.000 0.001
2 H2O 18.02 203.951 3674.242 6.067 109.301
3 CaCl2 110.98 55.178 6123.737 1.641 182.168
4 Mg(OH)2 58.44 0.000 0.001
TOTAL 9797.981 291.469

Cek Balance Input 10089.451

Output 10089.451

CENTRIFUGE

Input output
No Komponen BM Arus 13 arus 14
kmol/jam kg/jam kmol/jam kg/jam
1 CaCO3 100.09 0.000 0.001 0.000 0.001
2 H2O 18.02 42.004 756.709 35.937 647.408
3 CaCl2 110.98 56.819 6305.906 55.178 6123.737
4 Mg(OH)2 58.44 0.000 0.001 0.000 0.001
TOTAL 7062.616 6771.147

Cek Balance Input 7062.616

Output 7062.616

ROTARY DRYER

efisiensi 0.7
0.3

Input Output
No Komponen BM
No Komponen BM Arus 14 Arus 16
kmol/jam kg/jam kmol/jam kg/jam
1 CaCO3 100.09 0.000 0.001
2 H2O 18.02 35.937 647.408 25.424 458.014
3 CaCl2 110.98 55.178 6123.737
4 Mg(OH)2 58.44 0.000 0.001
TOTAL 6771.147 458.014

Cek Balance Input 6771.147

Output 6771.147

NERACA MASSA OVERALL

Input
No Komponen BM arus 1 arus 2 Arus 5 Arus 7
kg/jam kg/jam kg/jam kg/jam
1 CaCO3 100.09 5086.440
2 MgCO3 84.31 15.731
3 Fe2O3 159.69 0.524
4 Al2O3 101.96 4.719
5 HCl 36.46 4028.460
6 H2O 18.0 136.338 8178.995 1461.747 221.534
7 CaCl2 110.98
8 CO2 44.01
9 Ca(OH)2 74.01 365.437
10 Mg(OH)2 58.44
11 Fe(OH)3 88.94
12 Al(OH)3 78.47
TOTAL 5243.752 12207.455 1827.183 221.534

Cek Balance Input 19499.925

Output 19499.925

komponen
1 2 3 4 5
CaCO3 5086.440 50.864
MgCO 15.731
Fe2O3 0.524
Al2O3 4.719
HCl 4028.460 335.258
 H2O 136.338 8178.995 9227.758 1461.747
CaCl2 5583.710
MgCl2 17.764
FeCl3 1.065
Al2Cl3 12.344
CO2 2222.444
Ca(OH)2 365.437
Mg(OH)2
Fe(OH)3
Al(OH)3
5243.752 12207.455 2222.444 15228.763 1827.183
 Output
Arus 3 Arus 4
kmol/jam kg/jam kmol/jam kg/jam
0.508 50.864

9.195 335.258
512.218 9227.758
50.312 5583.710
0.187 17.764
0.007 1.065
0.093 12.344
50.499 2222.444
2222.444 15228.763
 Output
Arus 6
kmol/jam kg/jam
0.508 50.864

602.553 10855.159
55.245 6131.171

1827.183
0.187 10.905 365.437
0.007 0.584
0.093 7.264
17055.947

0.000
 Output
Arus 7 Arus 8 Arus 9
kg/jam kmol/jam kg/jam kmol/jam kg/jam
0.000 0.001 0.508 50.864
221.534 614.375 11068.130 0.475 8.563
55.178 6123.737 0.067 7.433
0.000 0.001 0.187 10.904
0.000 0.000 0.007 0.584
0.000 0.000 0.093 7.264
221.534 17191.869 85.611

0.998787623

Output
Arus 11
kmol/jam kg/jam
0.000 0.001
203.951 3674.242
55.178 6123.737
0.000 0.001
9797.981
 Output
Arus 12 Arus 13
kmol/jam kg/jam kmol/jam kg/jam
0.000 0.001
168.015 3026.835 42.004 756.709 6123.737
56.819 6305.906 3674.242
0.000 0.001
3026.835 7062.616

output
Arus 15
kmol/jam kg/jam

6.067 109.301
1.641 182.168

291.469

Output
 Arus 17
kmol/jam kg/jam
0.000 0.001
10.513 189.394
55.178 6123.737
0.000 0.001
6313.133

Output
Arus 3 Arus 9 Arus 10 Arus 12 Arus 16 Arus 17
kg/jam kg/jam kg/jam kg/jam kg/jam kg/jam
50.864 0.001

8.563 7393.888 3026.835 458.014 189.394

7.433 6123.737
2222.444

10.904 0.001
0.584
7.264
2222.444 85.611 7393.888 3026.835 458.014 6313.133

Nomor Arus (kg/jam)

6 7 8 9 10 11 12
50.864 0.001 50.864 0.001
10855.159 221.534 11068.130 8.563 7393.888 3674.242 3026.835
6131.171 6123.737 7.433 6123.737

10.905 0.001 10.904 0.001

0.584 0.000 0.584
7.264 0.000 7.264
17055.947 221.534 17191.869 85.611 7393.888 9797.981 3026.835
0.745
 13 14 15 16 17
0.001 0.001 0.001
 756.709 647.408 109.301 458.014 189.394
6305.906 6123.737 182.168 6123.737

0.001 0.001 0.001

7062.616 6771.147 291.469 458.014 6313.133

 PRARANCANGAN PABRIK POLYSTYRENE DARI MONOMER STYRENE DENGAN KAPASISTAS
Neraca Massa dan Kondisi Operasi
(Basis kmol/jam)
Basis : 70000.0000 ton/tahun 8811.8687
70000000.0000 kg/tahun 13250.2932
Pabrik Beroperasi : 330.0000 hari/tahun 24.0248 0.9800
Produksi : 8838.3838 kg/jam 9353.2988 ###

6. Mixer 01 = Monomer Stiren+Etil Benzen

Ket : Arus 13 = Arus Recycle
Input Output
Komponen BM Arus 1 Arus 2 Arus 13 Arus 4
kmol/jam kg/jam kmol/jam kg/jam kmol/jam kg/jam kmol/jam
C8H8 104.1530 85.6435 8920.0272 0.0000 0.0000 41.5127 4323.6673 127.1562
C14H10O4 242.2300 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
C8H10 106.0000 0.0000 0.0000 86.0996 9126.5591 0.4327 45.8621 86.5323
(C8H8)n 140.5890 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
Sub Total 8920.0272 9126.5591 4369.5294
TOTAL 22416.1157 22416.1157
5. Mixer 02 = Etil benzen +Benzoil peroksida
BM Input Output
Komponen Arus 2 Arus 3 Arus 5
kmol/jam kg/jam kmol/jam kg/jam kmol/jam kg/jam ###
C8H8 104.1530 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 ###
C14H10O4 242.2300 0.0000 0.0000 0.0992 24.0248 0.0992 24.0248 24.0248
C8H10 106.0000 1.7660 187.1923 0.0000 0.0000 1.7660 187.1923 ###
(C8H8)n 140.5890 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 ###
Sub Total 1.7660 187.1923 0.0992 24.0248 1.8651 211.2171
TOTAL 211.2171 211.2171 ###
Reaktor
Input Output
Komponen BM Arus 4 Arus 5 Arus 6
kmol/jam kg/jam kmol/jam kg/jam kmol/jam kg/jam
C8H8 104.1530 127.1562 13243.6945 0.0000 0.0000 42.5727 4434.0758
C14H10O4 242.2300 0.0000 0.0000 0.0992 24.0248 0.0534 12.9364
C8H10 106.0000 86.5323 9172.4212 1.7660 187.1923 88.2982 9359.6134
(C8H8)n 140.5890 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 62.7411 8820.7071
Sub Total 213.6884 22416.1157 1.8651 211.2171 193.6654 22627.3327
TOTAL 22627.3327 22627.3327 0.0000

selisih 0.0000

5. centrifuge 0.9800
Input Output
Komponen BM Arus 6 distilat Arus 8
 Komponen BM
kmol/jam kg/jam kmol/jam kg/jam kmol/jam kg/jam
C8H8 104.1530 42.5727 4434.0758 41.7213 4345.3943 0.0000 88.6815
C14H10O4 242.2300 0.0534 12.9364 0.0000 0.0000 0.0534 12.9364
C8H10 106.0000 88.2982 9359.6134 86.5323 9172.4212 1.7660 187.1923
(C8H8)n 140.5890 62.7411 8820.7071 0.0000 0.0000 62.7411 8820.7071
Sub Total 193.6654 22627.3327 128.2535 ### 64.5605 9109.5173
TOTAL 22627.3327 22627.3327
0.9594
selisih 0.0000

5. Rotary Dryer 0.9828

Input Output
Komponen BM Arus 8 purging Arus 8
kmol/jam kg/jam kmol/jam kg/jam kmol/jam kg/jam
C8H8 104.1530 0.8515 88.6815 0.8368 87.1577 0.0146 1.5238 0.3666
C14H10O4 242.2300 0.0534 12.9364 0.0000 0.0000 0.0534 12.9364
C8H10 106.0000 1.7660 187.1923 1.7356 183.9757 0.0303 3.2165
(C8H8)n 140.5890 62.7411 8820.7071 0.0000 0.0000 62.7411 8820.7071 ###
Sub Total 65.4119 9109.5173 2.5724 271.1334 62.8395 8838.3838 0.0000
TOTAL 9109.5173 9109.5173
###
selisih 0.0000 ###

Exstruder
Input Output
Komponen BM Arus 9 Arus 8
kmol/jam kg/jam kmol/jam kg/jam
C8H8 104.1530 0.0146 1.5238 0.0146 1.5238
C14H10O4 242.2300 0.0534 12.9364 0.0534 12.9364
C8H10 106.0000 0.0303 3.2165 0.0303 3.2165
(C8H8)n 140.5890 62.7411 8820.7071 62.7411 8820.7071
Sub Total 62.8395 8838.3838 62.8395 8838.3838
TOTAL 8838.3838 8838.3838

selisih 0.0000

NERACA MASSA TOTAL

Input
Komponen BM Arus 1 Arus 2 Arus 2 Arus 3
kmol/jam kg/jam kmol/jam kg/jam kmol/jam kg/jam kmol/jam
C8H8 104.1530 8920.0272 0.0000 0.0000
C14H10O4 242.2300 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
C8H10 106.0000 0.0000 9126.5591 187.1923
(C8H8)n 140.5890 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
Sub Total 8920.0272 0.0000 9126.5591 0.0000 187.1923 0.0000
TOTAL 18257.8033

SELISIH 0.0000
DENGAN KAPASISTAS
PATOKAN DARI NM
komponen Input, kg/jam Output, kg/jam
Monomer Stirena ### ###
Etil Benzen ### ###
Benzoil Peroksida 24.0248 12.9364
0.0200 Polistirena 0.0000 ###
187.1923 Total ### ###
###

Output
Arus 4
kg/jam
13243.6945
0.0000
9172.4212
0.0000
22416.1157
22416.1157

9359.6134
9166.2328
0.4805
9166.7133

###
24.0248
###
0.0000
###
0.0000
0.0000

4. Menara Destilasi
Ket : Arus 13 = Arus Recycle Efisiensi 0.9950
Arus 12 = Keluaran Etil Benzen
Komponen BM Input Output
Arus 7 Arus 12 (D)Arus 13 (B)
kmol/jam kg/jam kmol/jam kg/jam kmol/jam kg/jam
C8H8 104.1530 41.7213 ### 0.2086 21.7270 41.5127 ###
C14H10O4 242.2300 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
C8H10 106.0000 86.5323 ### 86.0996 ### 0.4327 45.8621
(C8H8)n 140.5890 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
Sub Total 128.2535 ### 86.3082 ### 41.9453 ###
TOTAL 13517.8155 13517.8155

selisih 0.0000

0.5500 1.5238
14.7200 12.9364
0.7600 3.2165 0.9600
8794.1900 ### 0.9572
8810.2200 ### -28.1638
###
69776.9424 ###

8810.2200 ###

purging Arus 12 (D) Arus 8

kg/jam kmol/jam kg/jam kmol/jam kg/jam kmol/jam kg/jam
0.0000 87.1577 21.7270 1.5238
24.0248 0.0000 0.0000 12.9364
0.0000 183.9757 ### 3.2165
 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 ###
24.0248 0.0000 271.1334 0.0000 ### 0.0000 ###
18257.8033
 HEAT EXCHANGER (HE-01)

Tugas : Memanaskan bahan mixer-01 sebelum masuk reaktor

Tipe : Tube and Shell Exchanger

Kondisi Umpan HE-01

T = 30 o
C
= 86 o
F
Kondisi = cair ρ camp =
BM avg = 148.243 kg/kmol μ camp =
Cp = 228.4599814953 Btu/lbmol-oF k camp =
  T 1  t 2    T 2  t1 
 T LMTD 
T1  t 2 
ln  
 T 2  t1 
= 0.6489 Btu/lb-oF

Komponen BM kmol/jam fr mol kg/jam

C8H8 104.15 127.156 0.595 13,243.694
C14H10O4 242.23 0.000 0.000 0.000
C8H10 106.00 86.532 0.405 9,172.421
(C8H8)n 140.59 0.000 0.000 0.000
213.688 1.000 22,416.116

Sebagai pemanas digunakan steam jenuh pada kondisi 104 oF tekanan 14,69 psia
T steam masuk, T1 = 165 o
C = 329
T steam keluar, T2 = 144 o
C = 291
T cairan masuk, t1 = 30 o
C = 86
T cairan keluar, t2 = 90 o
C = 194

Menghitung LMTD

ΔTLMTD = 167.66 oF

Menghitung Beban HE

Qh = Wlarutan.Cp.ΔT

 1 S 
R 2  1 ln  
 1  RS  = 3,457,387.691 Btu/jam
 
FT
 
 R  1 ln  2  S R  1  R 2  1 
2


 2  S R  1  R  1  
f .Gt 2 .L.n
Pt 
Menghitung Kebutuhan Steam
5, 22.1010.D.s L

 4n   v 
2
 Pr    
 s  2g 

Hfg = Ps 
1031
f .Gs 2 .Ds.( N  1)
Btu/lb
2.5,22.1010 De.s
 f .Gs 2 .Ds.( N  1)
Ps 
2.5,22.1010 De.s
W= Qh/Hfg
= 3353.431 lb/jam 1521.090 kg/jam
Pemilihan Alat

Untuk proses pemanasan sistem ini, nilai Ud berkisar antara 6-60 Btu/(j.ft 2.oF)
Ambil Ud = 40 Btu/(j.ft2.oF)

Luas perpindahan panas sementara :

A = Qh/(Ud.ΔT)
= 515.5427 ft2
(Uc  Ud )
Rd 
(Uc.Ud )
Dipilih alat dengan spesifikasi sbb:
OD = 0.75 inch
Panjang = 6 ft
a" = 0.1963 ft2/ft
Tube (Nt) = A/(La")
= 437.7167

Dari tabel 9 Kern didapatkan jumlah tube standar :

Nt = 446

Perhitungan dilanjutkan pada Shell Side dan Tube Side

Shell Side Tube Side

ID, in = 25 Jumlah = 446
Baffle, in = 25 Panjang,ft = 6
Pass = 1 OD, BWG = 3/4, 12
ID, in = 0.532
Pitch = 15/16 tri
Pass = 2
at' , in2 = 0.223

Hot Fluid Cold Fluid delta T

329 higher temp 194 135
291 lower temp 86 205
0 difference 108

T  T2 t 2  t1
R  1 S 
t 2  t1 T1  t 1
= 0.000 = 0.444

Nilai FT didekati dengan persamaan 7.41 Kern

 atas = -0.588
bawah = -0.588
FT = 1.000
= 1

Luas transfer panas sebenarnya :

A = Nt.L.a"
= 525.2988 ft2

Ud terkoreksi
Ud = Qc/(A.FT.LMTD)
= 39.257 Btu/(j.ft2.oF)
 Tube Side :: Cold Fluid :: Aqeous Solution Shell Side :: Hot

at = Nt.at'/144n
= 0.345 ft2
Gt = W/at
= 221235.800 lb/(j.ft2)
v= Gt/3600ρ
= 0.986 fps
μ= 0.587 cp 0.587
= 1.420 lb/ft.j
Re = ID.Gt/12μ
= 575.571
dari fig 25 Kern diperoleh : Untuk steam, ho =
hi = 350 Btu/(j.ft . F)
2 o

hio = hi.ID/OD
= 248.267 Btu/(j.ft2.oF)

Pressure Drop

Tube Side :: Cold Fluid :: Aqeous Solution Shell Side :: Hot

Ret = 575.571
f = 0.001 fig 26 Kern

= 0.2284 psi

v2/2g = 0.020 fig.27 Kern

ΔPr = 0.160 psi
ΔP tubes = 0.3884 psi
E-01)

NERACA MASSA

62.3031 lb/ft3
1.4201 lb/ft.j
0.3572 Btu/j.ft.oF

lb/jam fr berat
29,148.020 0.591
0.000 0.000
20,187.563 0.409
0.000 0.000
49,335.583 1.000

o
F
o
F
o
F
o
F

0.98825
 MECHANICAL DESIGN

t 2  t1
T1  t 1
 Shell Side :: Hot Fluid :: Steam

PT = 1.000
B = IDS = 25.000
C= PT-ODT
= 0.250
as = ID.C.B/144.PT
= 1.085 ft2
Gs = W/as
= 3,090.522 lb/(j.ft2)
G" = W/(L.Nt2/3)
= 9.574 lb/(j.ft)
Untuk steam, ho = 2000 Btu/(j.ft2.oF)

hio.ho
Uc 
hio  ho
= 220.852

= 0.021

Shell Side :: Hot Fluid :: Steam

Pada Tv = 291 oF
μ= 1.023 lb/(ft.j)
De = 0.046 ft
Re = 138.532
f= 0.0080 fig.29
N+1 = 12 L/B
= 3
BM = 18 lb/lbmol
ρ= 0.035 lb/cuft
s= 0.001 spesific gravity
Ds = 2.083 ft

= 0.1723 psi
 Komponen A B C D
CaCO3 82.34 4.9750E-02 -1.2870E-05 0.0000E+00
HCl 73.993 -1.2946E-01 -7.8950E-05 2.6409E-06
H2O 92.053 -3.9953E-02 -2.1103E-04 5.3489E-07
CaCl2 102.5331 2.0063E-08 -9.2344E-10 1.4070E-08
MgCl2 123.626 -4.6248E-02 1.3019E-05 4.0716E-09
FeCl3 1095.001 -4.3838E+00 6.5060E-03 -3.1125E-06
AlCl3 29439.24 -1.7942E-02 3.6554E-01 -2.4786E-04
Ca(OH)2
Mg(OH)2
Fe(OH)3
Al(OH)3

komposisi kmol/jam yi Cp
C8H8 127.156 0.595 96.657 12290.550
C14H10O4 0.000 0.000 75.558 0.000
C8H10 86.532 0.405 102.906 8904.690
(C8H8)n 0.000 0.000 74.03 0.000
213.688 1.000 349.151 21195.240

C8H8 127.156 0.595 99.313 12628.206

C14H10O4 0.000 0.000 78.992 0.000
C8H10 86.532 0.405 104.201 9016.750
(C8H8)n 0.000 0.000 79.556 0.000
21644.956
449.715

Komponen
Umpan 21195.240
Keluar 21644.956
Beban Panas 449.715
21644.956 21644.956
 40 c 313.15
105 c 378.15
E cp
0.0000E+00 96.657 99.313
0.0000E+00
0.0000E+00 58.847 46.768
0.0000E+00 102.533 102.533
0.0000E+00
0.0000E+00
0.0000E+00
 HEAT EXCHANGER (HE-01)

Tugas : Memanaskan bahan mixer-02 sebelum masuk reaktor

Tipe : Tube and Shell Exchanger

Kondisi Umpan HE-01

T = 30 o
C
= 90 o
F
Kondisi = cair ρ camp = 67.754474
BM avg = 148.243 kg/kmol μ camp = 2.3208
Cp = 228.4599814953 Btu/lbmol-oF k camp = 0.3572
= 0.6489 Btu/lb-oF

Komponen BM kmol/jam fr mol kg/jam lb/jam

C8H8 104.15 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
C14H10O4 242.23 0.099 0.053 24.025 52.876
C8H10 106.00 1.766 0.947 187.192 411.991
(C8H8)n 140.59 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
1.865 1.000 211.217 464.867

Sebagai pemanas digunakan steam jenuh pada kondisi 104 oF tekanan 14,69 psia

T steam masuk, T1 = 165 o

C = 329 o
F
T steam keluar, T2 = 144 o
C = 291.2 o
F
T cairan masuk, t1 = 30 o
C = 86 o
F
T cairan keluar, t2 = 90 o
C = 194 o
F

Menghitung LMTD

 T LMTD 
  T 1  t 2    T 2  t1 
T1  t 2 
ln  
 T 2  t1 

ΔTLMTD = 167.66 oF

Menghitung Beban HE

Qh = Wlarutan.Cp.ΔT
= 32,577.425 Btu/jam
Menghitung Kebutuhan Steam

Hfg = 1031 Btu/lb

W= Qh/Hfg
= 31.598 lb/jam 14.333 kg/jam

Pemilihan Alat

Untuk proses pemanasan sistem ini, nilai Ud berkisar antara 6-60 Btu/(j.ft 2.oF)
Ambil Ud = 40 Btu/(j.ft2.oF)

Luas perpindahan panas sementara :

A = Qh/(Ud.ΔT)
= 4.8577 ft2

Dipilih alat dengan spesifikasi sbb:

OD = 0.75 inch
Panjang = 6 ft
a" = 0.1963 ft2/ft
Tube (Nt) = A/(La")
= 4.1244

Dari tabel 9 Kern didapatkan jumlah tube standar :

Nt = 24

Perhitungan dilanjutkan pada Shell Side dan Tube Side

Shell Side Tube Side

ID, in = 8 Jumlah = 24
Baffle, in = 8 Panjang,ft = 6
Pass = 1 OD, BWG = 3/4, 12
ID, in = 0.532
Pitch = 15/16 tri
Pass = 2
at' , in2 = 0.223

Hot Fluid Cold Fluid delta T

329 higher temp 194 135
291 lower temp 86 205
0 difference 108
 T  T2 t 2  t1
R  1 S 
t 2  t1 T1  t1
= 0.000 = 0.444

Nilai FT didekati dengan persamaan 7.41 Kern

 1 S 
R 2  1 ln  
 1  RS 
FT 

2  S R 1 R2 1 
 R  1 ln  
 
 2  S R  1  R 2  1  
atas = -0.588
bawah = -0.588
FT = 1.000
= 1

Luas transfer panas sebenarnya :

A = Nt.L.a"
= 28.2672 ft2

Ud terkoreksi
Ud = Qc/(A.FT.LMTD)
= 6.874 Btu/(j.ft2.oF)

Tube Side :: Cold Fluid :: Aqeous Solution Shell Side :: Hot Fluid

at = Nt.at'/144n PT =
= 0.019 ft 2
B = IDS =
Gt = W/at C=
= 2084.606 lb/(j.ft2) =
v= Gt/3600ρ as =
= 0.009 fps =
μ= 0.478 cp Gs =
= 1.157 lb/ft.j =
Re = ID.Gt/12μ G" =
= 6.658 =
dari fig 25 Kern diperoleh : Untuk steam, ho =
hi = 350 Btu/(j.ft2.oF)
hio = hi.ID/OD
hio.ho
Uc 
hio  ho
 hio.ho
= 248.267 Btu/(j.ft2.oF) Uc 
hio  ho
=

(Uc  Ud
Rd 
(Uc.Ud )
=

Pressure Drop

Tube Side :: Cold Fluid :: Aqeous Solution Shell Side :: Hot Fluid

Ret = 6.658 Pada Tv =

f = 0.008 fig 26 Kern μ=
De =
f .Gt 2 .L.n
Pt  Re =
5,22.1010.D.s L
f=
= 0.0002 psi N+1 =
=
 4n   v 
2
 Pr     BM =
 s 2g  ρ=
s=
v2/2g = 0.025 fig.27 Kern Ds =
ΔPr = 0.200 psi
f .Gs 2 .Ds.( N
ΔP tubes = 0.2002 psi Ps 
2.5,22.1010
=
 NERACA MASSA

lb/cuft
lb/ft.j
Btu/j.ft.oF

fr berat
0.000
0.114
0.886
0.000
1.000
MECHANICAL DESIGN
 Shell Side :: Hot Fluid :: Steam

1.000
8.000
PT-ODT
0.250
ID.C.B/144.PT
0.111 ft2
W/as
284.381 lb/(j.ft2)
W/(L.Nt2/3)
0.633 lb/(j.ft)
2000 Btu/(j.ft2.oF)

hio.ho
Uc 
hio  ho
 hio.ho
Uc 
hio  ho
220.852

(Uc  Ud )
Rd 
(Uc.Ud )
0.141

Shell Side :: Hot Fluid :: Steam

291 oF
1.023 lb/(ft.j)
0.046 ft
12.747
0.0250 fig.29
12 L/B
9
18 lb/lbmol
0.035 lb/cuft
0.001 spesific gravity
0.667 ft
f .Gs 2 .Ds.( N  1)
Ps 
2.5,22.1010 De.s
0.0046 psi
 Komponen A B C D
CaCO3 82.34 4.9750E-02 -1.2870E-05 0.0000E+00
HCl 73.993 -1.2946E-01 -7.8950E-05 2.6409E-06
H2O 92.053 -3.9953E-02 -2.1103E-04 5.3489E-07
CaCl2 102.5331 2.0063E-08 -9.2344E-10 1.4070E-08
MgCl2 123.626 -4.6248E-02 1.3019E-05 4.0716E-09
FeCl3 1095.001 -4.3838E+00 6.5060E-03 -3.1125E-06
AlCl3 29439.24 -1.7942E-02 3.6554E-01 -2.4786E-04
Ca(OH)2
Mg(OH)2
Fe(OH)3
Cek Balance

komposisi kmol/jam yi Cp
CaCO3 0.000 0.000 94.239 0.000
H20 0.099 0.053 73.548 7.295
CaCl2 1.766 0.947 102.533 181.070
Mg(OH) 0.000 0.000 72.553 0.000
1.865 288.458 188.364
72.115

komposisi kmol/jam yi
CaCO3 0.000 0.000 98.582 0.000
H20 0.099 0.053 77.218 7.659
CaCl2 1.766 0.947 103.674 183.085
Mg(OH) 0.000 0.000 78.865 0.000
1.865 190.743

2.379

Komponen
Umpan 188.364
Keluar 190.743
Beban Panas 2.379
190.743 190.743
 30 c 303.15
100 c 373.15
E cp
0.0000E+00 96.239 99.112
0.0000E+00
0.0000E+00 60.548 47.761
0.0000E+00 102.533 102.533
0.0000E+00
0.0000E+00
0.0000E+00
 HEAT EXCHANGER (HE-04)

Tugas : Memanaskan hasil recycle sebelum masuk menara distilasi-01

Tipe : Tube and Shell Exchanger

Kondisi Umpan HE-03

T = 60 o
C
= 140 o
F
Kondisi = cair ρ camp = 62.3031
BM avg = 148.243 kg/kmol μ camp = 1.4201
Cp = 228.4599814953 Btu/lbmol-oF k camp = 0.3572
= 0.6489 Btu/lb-oF

Komponen BM kmol/jam fr mol kg/jam lb/jam

C8H8 104.153 0.000 0.000 88.682 195.179
C14H10O4 242.230 0.053 0.001 12.936 28.472
C8H10 106.000 1.766 0.027 187.192 411.991
(C8H8)n 140.589 62.741 0.972 8,820.707 19,413.476
64.560 1.000 9,109.517 20,049.118

Sebagai pemanas digunakan steam jenuh pada kondisi 273,2 oF tekanan 17,63 psia

T steam masuk, T1 = 200 o

C = 392 o
F
T steam keluar, T2 = 200 o
C = 392 o
F
T cairan masuk, t1 = 60 o
C = 140 o
F
T cairan keluar, t2 = 139 o
C = 282.2 o
F

Menghitung LMTD

 T LMTD 
  T 1  t 2    T 2  t1 
T1  t 2 
ln  
 T 2  t1 

ΔTLMTD = 171.17 oF

Menghitung Beban HE

Qh = Wlarutan.Cp.ΔT
= 1,849,945.474 Btu/jam

Menghitung Kebutuhan Steam

 Hfg = 1030 Btu/lb
W= Qh/Hfg
= 1,796.064 lb/jam 814.680 kg/jam

Pemilihan Alat

Untuk proses pemanasan sistem ini, nilai Ud berkisar antara 6-60 Btu/(j.ft 2.oF)
Ambil Ud = 40 Btu/(j.ft2.oF)

Luas perpindahan panas sementara :

A = Qh/(Ud.ΔT)
= 270.196 ft2

Dipilih alat dengan spesifikasi sbb:

OD = 0.75 inch
Panjang = 6 ft
a" = 0.196 ft2/ft
Tube (Nt) = A/(La")
= 229.408

Dari tabel 9 Kern didapatkan jumlah tube standar :

Nt = 244

Perhitungan dilanjutkan pada Shell Side dan Tube Side

Shell Side Tube Side

ID, in = 21 Jumlah = 244
Baffle, in = 21 Panjang,ft = 6
Pass = 1 OD, BWG = 3/4, 12
ID, in = 0.532
Pitch = 15/16 tri
Pass = 4
at' , in2 = 0.223

Hot Fluid Cold Fluid delta T

392 higher temp 282.2 110
392 lower temp 140 252
0 difference 82.8

T  T2 t 2  t1
R  1 S
t 2  t1 T1  t1
= 0.0000 = 0.3286

Nilai FT didekati dengan persamaan 7.41 Kern

  1 S 
R 2  1 ln  
 1  RS 
FT 
  
 R  1 ln  2  S R  1  R 2  1 
2


 2  S R  1  R  1  
atas = -0.398
bawah = -0.398
FT = 1.000
= 1

Luas transfer panas sebenarnya :

A = Nt.L.a"
= 287.3832 ft2

Ud terkoreksi
Ud = Qc/(A.FT.LMTD)
= 37.608 Btu/(j.ft2.oF)

Tube Side :: Cold Fluid :: Aqeous Solution Shell Side :: Hot Fluid :: Steam

at = Nt.at'/144n PT =
= 0.094 ft 2
B = IDS =
Gt = W/at C=
= 875.242 lb/(j.ft2) =
v= Gt/3600ρ as =
= 0.004 fps =
μ= 0.478 cp Gs =
= 1.157 lb/ft.j =
Re = ID.Gt/12μ G" =
= 2.795 =
dari fig 25 Kern diperoleh : Untuk steam, ho =
hi = 380 Btu/(j.ft . F)
2 o

hio = hi.ID/OD
hio.ho
= 269.547 Btu/(j.ft2.oF) Uc 
hio  ho
=

(Uc  Ud )
Rd 
(Uc.Ud )
=

Pressure Drop
 Tube Side :: Cold Fluid :: Aqeous Solution Shell Side :: Hot Fluid :: Steam

Ret = 2.795 Pada Tv =

f = 0.003 fig 26 Kern μ=
f .Gt 2 .L.n De =
Pt  Re =
5,22.1010.D.s L
f=
= 0.024 psi N+1 =
=
 4n   v 
2
 Pr     BM =
 s  2g  ρ=
s=
v2/2g = 0.050 fig.27 Kern Ds =
ΔPr = 0.800 psi
f .Gs 2 .Ds.( N  1
ΔP tubes = 0.8238 psi Ps 
2.5,22.1010 De.
=
 NERACA MASSA

lb/cuft
lb/ft.j
Btu/j.ft.oF

fr berat
0.010
0.001
0.021
0.968
1.000
MECHANICAL DESIGN
 0.938
21.000
PT-ODT
0.188
ID.C.B/144.PT
0.613 ft2
W/as
2,932.349 lb/(j.ft2)
W/(L.Nt2/3)
7.666 lb/(j.ft)
2,000 Btu/(j.ft2.oF)

hio.ho
Uc 
hio  ho
237.533

(Uc  Ud )
Rd 
(Uc.Ud )
0.022380
 392 oF
1.023 lb/(ft.j)
0.046 ft
131.442
0.004 fig.29
12 L/B
3
18 lb/lbmol
0.035 lb/cuft
0.001 spesific gravity
1.750 ft
f .Gs 2 .Ds.( N  1)
Ps 
2.5,22.1010 De.s
0.1875 psi
 HEATER (HE - 04)

Tugas = Memanaskan udara dari suhu 30 C menjadi 100 C

menggunakan media pemanas steam jenuh dengan umpan masuk

Jenis = shell and tube heat exchanger

1. Neraca Panas

t1 = 30 C 86 F
t2 = 100 C 212 F
t.av = 65 C 149 F
dt = 70 C 126 F

Umpan masuk = 6,313.13 kg / jam

13917.93291 lb / jam
Sifat -sifat umpan pada 122 F (Karl L Yaws) =
cp = 0.25 Btu/lb.F
miu = 0.049592 lb/j.ft
k = 0.019 Btu/j.ft.F
rho = 0.06 lb/ft3
sp.gr = 0.000976
Q = 1065305.332 Btu/jam

2. Menentukan jumlah steam

Pemanas T1 = T2 = 320 F
P = 89.66 Psi

Hfg = 894.9 Btu/lb Tabel 7 Kern, hal 817

Vfg = 4.896 ft3/lb Tabel 7 Kern, hal 817

F k
212 0.0137
320 0.0167
392 0.0187

k = 0.0167 Btu/j.ft.F Tabel 5 Kern, hal 802

miu = 0.015 lb/j.ft Fig 15 Kern, hal 825
cp = 0.46 Btu/lb.F Fig 3 Kern, hal 805
rho = 0.204248366 lb/ft3
sp.gr = 0.0032679739

Jumlah steam yang dibutuhkan = Qc / Hfg 1190.418295

3. Perhitungan luas transfer panas
a. Menentukan dt LMTD
Suhu umpan masuk = 86 F (t1)
Suhu umpan keluar = 212 F (t2)
Suhu steam masuk = suhu steam keluar = 320 (T1 = T2)

Dt LMTD = T 1  t 2   T 2  t 1  -126 162.9612621 F

ln  T 1  t 2
-0.77318989

T  t 
 2 1 

Kecepatan umpan (Wc) = 13917.932914305 lb/jam

Kecepatan steam (Wa) = 1190.4182947815 lb/jam

Qc 1,065,305.332 Btu/jam

Dari tabel 8 Kern, hal 840

Hot fluid steam
Cold fluid heavy organics
Rang Ud = .6 - 60 Btu/j.ft2.F
Dipil Ud = 8 Btu/j.ft2.F

Dari tabel 10 Kern, hal 843

OD = 1.5 in 0.12499873 ft2
ID 1.4 in 0.1166654813 ft2
BWG = 18
ao 0.3925 ft,ft2
at' 1.54 in2 0.0106942271 ft2
L = 18 ft

A = Qc 1065305.332 817.1461415 ft2

1303.690096
Ud   TLMTD

A 817.146141452 115.6611665 pipa

Nt =  7.065 Qc
L  a 0
Ud   TLMTD
Shell Tube
IDs 29 in OD = 1.5 in
Nt = 127 BWG = 18
Pass = 1 ID = 1.4 in 0.11666525
Pitch = 1.875 in, square pitch
L = 18 ft
Passes = 2

Aterkoreksi = N t  L  a0 897.255

Udcorrect Qc / ( A x dT LMTD )= 8

5.Menentukan Uc dan Rd
Tube side (hot fluid)
Flow area pipe
at = Nt x at' 1.358166846 0.004715857 ft2
144 x n 288

Mass velocity
Gt = Wa / at 1190.4182947815 252428.8307 lb/j.ft2
0.0047158571

Reynold number
Ret = ID x Gt 29449.67214122 1963311.476
miu 0.015

Heat transfer coefficient

kondensat steam
hio = 1500 Btu/j.ft2F

Shell side (cold fluid)

Bafle spacing
B = 5.8 in 0.483328423 ft
clearance beetwen tube
C' = pitch - OD = 0.375 in

Flow area
as = IDs x C' x B = 63.075 0.438020833 ft2
144 X pitch 144

Mass velocity
 Gs = Wc = 13917.93291 31774.5912 lb/j.ft2
as 0.438020833

Reynold number
Dari fig 28 Kern, hal 838 diperoleh De = 1.43 in
untuk OD = in in
pitch = in, square pitch in

Res = De  Gs 3786.4336468372 76351.70283

0.049592

Jh = 280

Heat transfer coefficient

Konst = Jh x k / De 44.64381023
Pr^1/3 = cp x viscositas / k 0.867359908
h0 = 38.72225111

Clean coefficient heat transfer

hi  h0
Uc =
0
 58083.37667 37.74779797 Btu/j.ft2.F
hi 0  h0 1538.722251

Dirt factor

Uc  Ud 37.74779797 0.125
Rd =  301.9823838
Uc  Ud

Rdmin = 0.003 Rd > Rdmin alat memenuhi syarat

6. Pressure drop
Shell side
De = 0.119165456 ft
Res = 76351.70283
rho ump = 6313.132956
s = 101.0101273
N + 1 = 12 x L / B = 37.2413793103
Dari fig 29 Kern,hal 839 didapat f = 0.0036

Δps = f .Gs 2 .IDs. N  1 327115062 0.00052061

6.28327E+11
5,22.1010.De.s
Δps yang diizinkan = 10 psi (memenuhi syarat)
Tube side
D = 0.009722005 ft
Ret = 1963311.476
rho steam = 0.204248366 lb/ft3
s = 0.003267974
Dari fig 26 Kern, hal 836 didapat f = 0.0000011

Δpt = f .Gt 2 .L.n 2523324.458 1.52148674

1658459.715
5,22.1010.D.s
Δpt yang diizinkan = 10 psi (memenuhi syarat)
 6,313.133 kg / jam

338.15 K

lb/jam 539.964 kg/jam

ft
 0.11916546 ft

psi
psi
 HEAT EXCHANGER (HE-02)

Tugas : Memanaskan bahan baku hidrogen peroksida sebelum masuk Reaktor-01

Tipe : Tube and Shell Exchanger

Kondisi Umpan HE-02

T = 30 o
C
= 86 o
F
Kondisi = cair ρ camp = 89.7714 lb/cuft
BM avg = 34.02 kg/kmol μ camp = 0.9372 lb/ft.j
Cp = 85.5528 Btu/lbmol-oF k camp = 0.3572 Btu/j.ft.oF
= 0.3976 Btu/lb-oF

Komponen BM kmol/jam fr mol kg/jam lb/jam fr berat

H2O2 34.020 62.640 1.000 6,407.911 14,103.159 1.000
62.640 1.000 6,407.911 14,103.159 1.000

Sebagai pemanas digunakan steam jenuh pada kondisi 86 oF tekanan 14,69 psia

T steam masuk, T1 = 85 o
C = 185 o
F
T steam keluar, T2 = 85 o
C = 185 o
F
T cairan masuk, t1 = 30 o
C = 86 o
F
T cairan keluar, t2 = 50 o
C = 122 o
F

Menghitung LMTD

 T LMTD 
  T 1  t 2    T 2  t1 
T1  t 2 
ln  
 T 2  t1 

ΔTLMTD = 79.65 oF

Menghitung Beban HE

Qh = Wlarutan.Cp.ΔT
= 201,891.939 Btu/jam

Menghitung Kebutuhan Steam

 Hfg = 945.5 Btu/lb
W= Qh/Hfg
= 213.529 lb/jam 96.855 kg/jam

Pemilihan Alat

Untuk proses pemanasan sistem ini, nilai Ud berkisar antara 200-700 Btu/(j.ft 2.oF)
Ambil Ud = 65 Btu/(j.ft2.oF)

Luas perpindahan panas sementara :

A = Qh/(Ud.ΔT)
= 38.9966 ft2

Dipilih alat dengan spesifikasi sbb:

OD = 0.75 inch
Panjang = 6 ft
a" = 0.196 ft2/ft
Tube (Nt) = A/(La")
= 33.110

Dari tabel 9 Kern didapatkan jumlah tube standar :

Nt = 36

Perhitungan dilanjutkan pada Shell Side dan Tube Side

Shell Side Tube Side

ID, in = 8 Jumlah = 36
Baffle, in = 8 Panjang,ft = 6
Pass = 1 OD, BWG = 3/4, 12
ID, in = 0.532
Pitch = 15/16 tri
Pass = 4
at' , in2 = 0.223

Hot Fluid Cold Fluid delta T

185 higher tem 122 63
185 lower temp 86 99
0 difference 82.8

T  T2 t 2  t1
R  1 S
t 2  t1 T1  t1
 T  T2 t 2  t1
R  1 S
t 2  t1 T1  t1
= 0.0000 = 0.8364

Nilai FT didekati dengan persamaan 7.41 Kern

 1 S 
R 2  1 ln  
 1  RS 
FT 
  
 R  1 ln  2  S R  1  R 2  1 
2


 2  S R  1  R  1  
atas = -1.810
bawah = -1.810
FT = 1.000
= 1

Luas transfer panas sebenarnya :

A = Nt.L.a"
= 42.4008 ft2

Ud terkoreksi
Ud = Qc/(A.FT.LMTD)
= 59.781 Btu/(j.ft2.oF)

Tube Side :: Cold Fluid :: Aqeous Solution Shell Side :: Hot Fluid :: Steam

at = Nt.at'/144n PT = 0.938
= 0.014 ft 2
B = IDS = 8.000
Gt = W/at C= PT-ODT
= 63,242.865 lb/(j.ft2) = 0.188
v= Gt/3600ρ as = ID.C.B/144.PT
= 0.196 fps = 0.089
μ= 0.478 cp Gs = W/as
= 1.157 lb/ft.j = 2,402.204
Re = ID.Gt/12μ G" = W/(L.Nt2/3)
= 201.984 = 3.264
dari fig 25 Kern diperoleh : Untuk steam, ho = 2,000
hi = 380 Btu/(j.ft . F)
2 o

hio = hi.ID/OD
hio.ho
= 269.547 Btu/(j.ft2.oF) Uc 
hio  ho
= 237.533
 (Uc  Ud )
Rd 
(Uc.Ud )
= 0.013

Pressure Drop

Tube Side :: Cold Fluid :: Aqeous Solution Shell Side :: Hot Fluid :: Steam

Ret = 201.984 Pada Tv = 185

f = 0.003 fig 26 Kern μ= 1.023
De = 0.046
f .Gt 2 .L.n
Pt  Re = 107.678
5,22.1010.D.s L
f= 0.004
= 0.1244 psi N+1 = 12 L/B
= 9
 4n   v 
2
 Pr     BM = 18
 s  2g  ρ= 0.035
s= 0.001
v2/2g = 0.028 fig.27 Kern Ds = 0.667
ΔPr = 0.448 psi
f .Gs 2 .Ds.( N  1)
ΔP tubes = 0.5724 psi Ps 
2.5,22.1010 De.s
= 0.0520
NERACA MASSA
MECHANICAL DESIGN
de :: Hot Fluid :: Steam

D.C.B/144.PT
ft2

lb/(j.ft2)

lb/(j.ft)
Btu/(j.ft2.oF)
Uc  Ud )
(Uc.Ud )

de :: Hot Fluid :: Steam

oF
lb/(ft.j)
ft

fig.29

lb/lbmol
lb/cuft
spesific gravity
ft
.Gs 2 .Ds.( N  1)
2.5,22.1010 De.s
psi
 HEAT EXCHANGER (HE-03)

Tugas : Mendinginkan produk C8H8 menuju mixer-01

Tipe : Tube and Shell Exchanger

Kondisi Umpan HE-03

T = 143 o
C
= 289.4 o
F
Kondisi = cair ρ camp = 62.3031
BM avg = 148.243 kg/kmol μ camp = 1.4201
Cp = 228.4599814953 Btu/lbmol-oF k camp = 0.3572
= 0.6489 Btu/lb-oF

Komponen BM kmol/jam fr mol kg/jam lb/jam

C8H8 104.153 41.513 0.990 4,323.667 9,515.951
C14H10O4 242.230 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
C8H10 106.000 0.433 0.010 45.862 100.938
(C8H8)n 140.589 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
41.945 1.000 4,369.529 9,616.888

Sebagai pendingin digunakan steam pada kondisi 122 oF tekanan 1 atm

T steam masuk, T1 = 50 o
C = 122 o
F
T steam keluar, T2 = 45 o
C = 113 o
F
T cairan masuk, t1 = 35 o
C = 95 o
F
T cairan keluar, t2 = 30 o
C = 86 o
F

Menghitung LMTD

 T LMTD 
  T 1  t 2    T 2  t1 
T1  t 2 
ln  
 T 2  t1 

ΔTLMTD = 25.97 oF

Menghitung Beban HE

Qh = Wlarutan.Cp.ΔT
= 56,161.816 Btu/jam

Menghitung Kebutuhan Steam

 Hfg = 850 Btu/lb
W= Qh/Hfg
= 66.073 lb/jam 29.970 kg/jam

Pemilihan Alat

Untuk proses pemanasan sistem ini, nilai Ud berkisar antara 6-60 Btu/(j.ft 2.oF)
Ambil Ud = 45 Btu/(j.ft2.oF)

Luas perpindahan panas sementara :

A = Qh/(Ud.ΔT)
= 48.060 ft2

Dipilih alat dengan spesifikasi sbb:

OD = 0.75 inch
Panjang = 6 ft
a" = 0.196 ft2/ft
Tube (Nt) = A/(La")
= 40.805

Dari tabel 9 Kern didapatkan jumlah tube standar :

Nt = 42

Perhitungan dilanjutkan pada Shell Side dan Tube Side

Shell Side Tube Side

ID, in = 10 Jumlah = 42
Baffle, in = 10 Panjang,ft = 6
Pass = 1 OD, BWG = 3/4, 12
ID, in = 0.532
Pitch = 15/16 tri
Pass = 2
at' , in2 = 0.223

Hot Fluid Cold Fluid delta T

122 higher temp 86 36
113 lower temp 95 18
0 difference 82.8

T1  T2 t 2  t1
R  S
t 2  t1 T1  t1
= 0.0000 = 82.4815

Nilai FT didekati dengan persamaan 7.41 Kern

 1 S 
R 2  1 ln  
FT   1  RS 

2  S R 1 R2 1  
  1 S 
R 2  1 ln  
 1  RS 
FT 

2  S R 1 R2 1 
 R  1 ln  
 
 2  S R  1  R 2  1  
atas = Err:502
bawah = Err:502
FT = Err:502
= 1

Luas transfer panas sebenarnya :

A = Nt.L.a"
= 49.4676 ft2

Ud terkoreksi
Ud = Qc/(A.FT.LMTD)
= 43.719 Btu/(j.ft2.oF)

Tube Side :: Cold Fluid :: Aqeous Solution Shell Side :: Hot Fluid :: Steam

at = Nt.at'/144n PT =
= 0.033 ft 2
B = IDS =
Gt = W/at C=
= 0.000 lb/(j.ft2) =
v= Gt/3600ρ as =
= 0.000 fps =
μ= 0.478 cp Gs =
= 1.157 lb/ft.j =
Re = ID.Gt/12μ G" =
= 0.000 =
dari fig 25 Kern diperoleh : Untuk steam, ho =
hi = 380 Btu/(j.ft2.oF)
hio = hi.ID/OD
hio.ho
= 269.547 Btu/(j.ft2.oF) Uc 
hio  ho
=

(Uc  Ud )
Rd 
(Uc.Ud )
=

Pressure Drop
 Tube Side :: Cold Fluid :: Aqeous Solution Shell Side :: Hot Fluid :: Steam

Ret = 0.000 Pada Tv =

f = 0.003 fig 26 Kern μ=
De =
f .Gt 2 .L.n
Pt  Re =
5,22.1010.D.s L
f=
= 0.0000 psi N+1 =
=
 4n   v 
2
 Pr     BM =
 s 2g  ρ=
s=
v2/2g = 0.028 fig.27 Kern Ds =
ΔPr = 0.224 psi
f .Gs 2 .Ds.( N  1
ΔP tubes = 0.2240 psi Ps 
2.5,22.1010 De.s
=
 NERACA MASSA

lb/cuft
lb/ft.j
Btu/j.ft.oF

fr berat
0.990
0.000
0.010
0.000
1.000
MECHANICAL DESIGN
 0.938
10.000
PT-ODT
0.188
ID.C.B/144.PT
0.139 ft2
W/as
475.724 lb/(j.ft2)
W/(L.Nt2/3)
0.911 lb/(j.ft)
2,000 Btu/(j.ft2.oF)

hio.ho
Uc 
hio  ho
237.533

(Uc  Ud )
Rd 
(Uc.Ud )
0.018663
 113 oF
1.023 lb/(ft.j)
0.046 ft
21.324
0.004 fig.29
12 L/B
7
18 lb/lbmol
0.035 lb/cuft
0.001 spesific gravity
0.833 ft
f .Gs .Ds.( N  1)
2
Ps 
2.5,22.1010 De.s
20.4098 psi