Physics Higher revision Marks scheme

M1. (a) energy needed to produce evaporation comes from the body
1

therefore this stops the body temperature rising

1

[2]

M2. (a) (i) silvered surfaces

more than the correct number of ticks in a row negates the
mark

radiation
2

plastic cap

conduction, convection (both required)

conduction convection radiation

vacuum

silvered surfaces (1)

plastic cap (1)

(ii)
any mention of air or any other substance in a vacuum
scores zero

because there are no particles in a vacuum

accept atoms / molecules for particles
accept vacuum is empty space
accept there is nothing in a vacuum
accept there is no air / gas in the vacuum

conduction and convection need particles / medium

need reference to both conduction and convection
accept correct descriptions
2

(b) (i) less heat lost (to air above the heater)
do not accept no heat lost

light shiny surfaces are poor emitters (of radiation)

Page 1
 accept radiators for emitters
references to reflection are neutral

or dull, matt surfaces are good emitters (of radiation)

do not credit answers which infer reflection from the
underside of the hood
ignore correct reference to absorption
2

(ii) correct diagram drawn with one output arrow narrower

than the other
ignore input

arrows correctly labelled with energy form

eg

flow charts score zero

2

(iii) energy cannot be destroyed

accept (principle of) conservation of energy
do not accept because energy cannot be lost without
clarification
1
[9]

M3. (a) (i) makes it warmer / raises the temperature

accept produces convection (current)
accept makes it less dense
1

(ii) reduced or slows down

1

(b) (i) electrical energy (to run the pump) must be paid for
accept electricity for electrical energy
accept electricity is needed for the pump
accept it uses electricity
accept because of the pump
1

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 (ii) more useful (heat) energy is transferred into the house than the energy
used to operate the pump

or reduced cost of heating the house is greater than the cost of running the
(electrical) pump

or costs little to run compared to the savings made

accept for 1 mark
reduces energy bills
or reduced fuel costs / heating costs owtte
do not accept it’s cheap
2
[5]

M4. (a) (i) £190

nb mention idea of cost per J in £ will come to an approx
figure full credit given
allow 1 mark for showing that the energy loss through the
roof is ¼ of the total energy loss ie 150 / 600
2

(ii) £142.50
allow ecf 50 % of their (a)(i) × 1.5 ie their (a)(i) × 0.75
1

[3]

M5. (a) ions / electrons gain (kinetic) energy

accept atom / particles / molecules for ion
accept ions vibrate faster
accept ions vibrate with a bigger amplitude
accept ions vibrate more
do not accept ions move faster
1

(free) electrons transfer energy by collision with ions

or energy transferred by collisions between vibrating ions
1

(b) move faster or take up more space

do not accept start to move / vibrate
1

(warmer) water expands or becomes less dense (than cooler water)

do not accept answers in terms of particles expanding

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 1

warm water rises (through colder water) or colder water falls to take its place
1

(c) transfer of energy by waves / infrared (radiation)

accept rays for waves
do not accept transfer of energy by electromagnetic waves
ignore reference to heat
1
[6]

M6. (a) 1
1

(b) 3 and 4
or
1 and 2
1

(c) U-values for the 20 mm windows are the same or higher

than those for the 16 mm windows
1

therefore the 20 mm windows are no more energy efficient

than 16 mm windows
accept so the 16 mm windows are as energy efficient as 20
mm windows
1

(d) 1 and 2
must have both and no other
1

(e) Type B glass transmits less infrared than Type A glass

accept radiation / heat for infrared
accept Type B glass absorbs more infrared than Type A
glass
1

and as infrared has a heating effect the conservatory will

remain cooler
1
[7]

M7. (a) 1.8 (p)

these 4 marks can be broken down as follows:
1 mark for correct transformation and substitution into
efficiency equation
ie 0.8 × 1200 – useful power
PLUS
1 mark for useful power = 960 W / 0.96 kW
PLUS

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 1 mark for waste energy transferred = 0.24 × 0.5
or
waste energy transferred = 0.12 (kWh)
PLUS
1 mark for cost = 0.12 × 15
where a mathematical error has been made full credit should
be given for subsequent correct method
4

(b) the waste energy is transferred as heat and sound

1

to the surroundings where it spreads out / is shared by

surrounding particles
accept air for surroundings
1
[6]

M8. (a) light

1

electrical
1

(b) 15% or 0.15

correct substitution gains 1 mark only an answer of 15 with
no unit or an incorrect unit gains 1 mark an answer of 0.15
given with a unit gains 1 mark
2

[4]

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9(a) radiation ignore infra red, IR, or heat 1
9(b)(i) 105 000 000 (E = mcθ) 2
J / joules accept answers in standard form eg. 1.05 x 108 1
E = 5000 x 4200 x 5 gains 1 mark
Unit mark is independent, but must match value given for full marks
if no other marks gained 1 mark for any correct unit of energy
not lower case j
allow Joules
allow units in words eg kilojules
allow 105 000 kJ or 105 MJ for 3 marks. These figures must have
units.
allow units written as words Eg. kilojoules
not KJ, kj, mJ, Mj
9(b)(ii) 6600(s) / 6560(s) / (E = Pt) 3
6563(s) / 6562.5(s) allow ecf from (b)(ii)
allow answers in minutes and hours provided correct and unit
changed on answer line
eg. 109/110 minutes or 1.8 hours
if correct answer given with incorrect unit, maximum mark of 2 eg
6600 minutes
105 000 000 = 16 000 x t gains 1 mark
t = 105 000 000 / 16 000 gains 2 marks
t = 105 000 000 / 16 gains 1 mark or
6 562 500(s) gains 2 marks

9b)(iii) energy gained from allow heat 1

surroundings / air ignore air is warmer or pool is colder

Total
8

M10. (a) (i) photosynthesis for growth

accept plants require sunlight for growth
1

plants change into coal

any mention of animals negates second mark
1

(ii) burning
do not accept heating
accept combustion
1

(b) (i) heat

1

(ii) less heat radiated into space

accept increased insulation round earth
accept reflects heat back to earth
accept greenhouse effect
accept traps heat or energy 1
[5]

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M11. (i) reduces
for 1 mark
1

(ii) less heat/energy/power wasted (in power lines)

for 1 mark
1

(iii) for safety

for 1 mark
1
[3]

M12. Large output 3

small Length of blade 20 output 0.3

each for 1 mark
[3]

M13. (a) (i) sources of energy

for 1 mark

(ii) wood coal

oil
gas
all correct gains 2 marks
3 correct gains 1 mark
3

(b) geothermal nuclear

tides
wind
solar
all correct gains 2 marks
4 correct gains 1 mark
2

(c) non-renewable fuels cause pollution (or reverse)

conserve/limit use of coal/gas/oil;
so supplies last longer/renewable sources can be replaced
any 2 from 4 for 1 mark each
2
[7]

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M14. Read all the answer first. See below.

Mark the first two advantages and disadvantages (√ or X) ignoring

neutral answers. Only allow a third advantage if there is only one

disadvantage given. Only allow a third disadvantage if only one advantage is given.

max. 3 advantages (e.g. cheap fuel, good availability, saving fossil fuels,
low running costs, reliable, more energy / kg, less fuel needed, no
greenhouse gases emitted, no SO2 causing acid rain)

max. 3 disadvantages (e.g. danger to health of local community, non

renewable, high cost of decommissioning, long half life of waste
materials, need for safe storage of waste, high cost of commissioning,
danger involved in transporting fuel / waste)
max. 4 marks
[4]

M15. (a) 1/25 or 1:25 or 0.04

accept 4 % or or 1 in 25 for both marks

allow 1 mark for total of 375

allow 1 mark for a clearly correct method using a clearly
incorrect total
do not accept 1:26
2

(b) (i) B
do not credit reason if B is not chosen
1

(only) burning fossil fuels produces carbon

dioxide / carbon (emissions)

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 or nuclear fuels don’t produce carbon dioxide
insufficient – smallest amount of fossil fuels
accept less carbon dioxide
1
(ii) accept anything reasonable eg

increased level of insulation

use energy efficient light bulbs

do not leave appliances on standby

switch thermostats down (1°C)

generate own electricity

install solar panels

accept insulate
accept specific examples eg loft
1

(c) (i) any three from:

• no power output until wind speed exceeds 4m/s

• output rises rapidly after 4m/s

• output begins to level out / rises less rapidly at /

after 13m/s

• output peaks at 21 / 22m/s

• output constant between 21 / 22 and 25 / 26 m/s

• output falls (rapidly) after 25 / 26m/s

accept for 1 mark goes up then comes down

(ii) any one from:

• unreliable energy source

• dilute energy source

• take up too much land

accept wind does not always blow
accept need thousands / lots of turbines
ignore reference to visual / noise pollution
ignore reference to kill birds
1
[9]

M16. (a) internal or thermal or heat or kinetic or movement

electrical
both answers required for one mark
1

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 (b) (i) Sun or solar do not accept sunshine 1
(ii) any one of the follow:

• wind turbines produce no (gaseous) pollutants

• wind turbines use renewable energy

• wind turbines produce no (solid) waste

• reduced running costs

do not allow safety
1

a supporting statement or comparison or explanation

1
[4]

M17. ideas that

• direct solar radiation will provide enough energy to heat the (specially designed)
buildings during the period Oct-Mar / summer

• solar cells will produce plenty of electricity in Oct-Mar / summer (when wind
generators produce little)

• a couple of wind generators will produce all electricity needed (for all but heating)
Apr-Oct / winter

• number required makes wind generators unsuitable for heating / buildings

• no solar energy in June and July / little in winter

• solar / wind have little effect on environment

• or cause no air pollution

• solar and wind complement each other

• or together provide energy all year

• gas can provide energy all the time / at any time

• gas needed for transport

• gas needed for heating in winter

• gas wouldn’t have to be imported

• drilling for gas difficult / harms environment

• but atmospheric pollution a global rather than local matter so any produced in
Antarctic doesn’t matter much

• gas produces carbon dioxide

any 6 for 1 mark each [6]

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M18 (a) 1/25 or 1:25 or 0.04

accept 4 % or or 1 in 25 for both marks

allow 1 mark for total of 375

allow 1 mark for a clearly correct method using a clearly
incorrect total
do not accept 1:26
2

(b) (i) B
do not credit reason if B is not chosen
1

(only) burning fossil fuels produces carbon

dioxide / carbon (emissions)
or nuclear fuels don’t produce carbon dioxide
insufficient – smallest amount of fossil fuels
accept less carbon dioxide
1

(ii) accept anything reasonable eg

increased level of insulation

use energy efficient light bulbs

do not leave appliances on standby

switch thermostats down (1°C)

generate own electricity

install solar panels

accept insulate
accept specific examples eg loft
1

(c) (i) any three from:

• no power output until wind speed exceeds 4m/s

• output rises rapidly after 4m/s

• output begins to level out / rises less rapidly at /

after 13m/s

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 • output peaks at 21 / 22m/s

• output constant between 21 / 22 and 25 / 26 m/s

• output falls (rapidly) after 25 / 26m/s

accept for 1 mark goes up then comes down
3

(ii) any one from:

• unreliable energy source

• dilute energy source

• take up too much land

accept wind does not always blow
accept need thousands / lots of turbines
ignore reference to visual / noise pollution
ignore reference to kill birds
1
[9]

M19. Read all the answer first. See below.

Mark the first two advantages and disadvantages (√ or X) ignoring

neutral answers. Only allow a third advantage if there is only one

disadvantage given. Only allow a third disadvantage if only one advantage is given.

max. 3 advantages (e.g. cheap fuel, good availability, saving fossil fuels,
low running costs, reliable, more energy / kg, less fuel needed, no
greenhouse gases emitted, no SO2 causing acid rain)

max. 3 disadvantages (e.g. danger to health of local community, non

renewable, high cost of decommissioning, long half life of waste
materials, need for safe storage of waste, high cost of commissioning,
danger involved in transporting fuel / waste)
max. 4 marks
[4]

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