HOW IS VISCOSITY MEASURED?

The viscosity of oil changes with temperature, therefore multigrade oils were
developed to provide protection across a range of operating temperatures.
The SAE (Society of Automotive Engineers) scale shows the viscosity of oil at
both hot and cold temperatures. That’s why the viscosity grade on the oil bottle is
made up of two numbers.
LOW TEMPERATURES
The first number followed by the letter W describes the viscosity of oil at low
temperatures (the W stands for winter). The lower the number the thinner the oil.
A thinner oil at low temperatures is good because it flows more easily and is
therefore able to protect the engine when it is first started from cold. If oil is too
thick when cold, it will not circulate freely and will reduce fuel economy.
HIGH TEMPERATURES
The second number describes how thick the oil is at the engine’s normal operating
temperature.
The higher the second number, the thicker the oil. If it's too thin when hot, it may
not protect effectively. If it's too thick, you lose efficiency.

The correct viscosity grade will be displayed in your car handbook.

OIL SPECIFICATIONS
Using the correct oil keeps an engine running smoothly; using the wrong oil could
damage the engine, burn more fuel, increase emissions and even invalidate a car’s
warranty.
Oil specifications define what type of engine a particular oil is suitable for and its
performance against a range of criteria, for example: cleanliness, heat resistance,
wear protection, strength. Specifications are regularly updated to keep pace with
advances in engine technology. Here’s a look at the four key specification systems:
API (AMERICAN PETROLEUM INSTITUTE) SPECIFICATIONS
The API specifications are a two-letter rating beginning with:
 'S' for Service (petrol)
  'C' for Commercial (diesel)
The second letter designates the oil’s quality standard, beginning with the letter
‘A’. The further along the alphabet, the higher the oil’s quality. So SL performs
better than SA.
Some oils meet standards for both petrol and diesel engines and will be marked
with a dual specification, for example SL/CF.
ILSAC (INTERNATIONAL LUBRICANTS STANDARDIZATION AND
APPROVAL COMMITTEE) GOVERNS INTERNATIONAL OIL
SPECIFICATIONS, BUT MAINLY FROM A US PERSPECTIVE
ILSAC is made up of US and Japanese automotive manufacturers’ associations,
and representatives from key US and European OEMs.
ILSAC specifications often share API requirements, but are additionally focused
on improving vehicle fuel economy performance and emission system durability.
The latest specification is ILSAC GF-5. The higher the number, the more recent,
and higher performance the specification.
ACEA (THE ASSOCIATION DES CONSTRUCTEURS EUROPÉENS
D'AUTOMOBILES) GOVERNS OIL SPECIFICATIONS FOR EUROPEAN
CARS
ACEA sets the standards for European engine lubricant specification. All oils have
to pass a sequence of tests, which are updated on a regular basis as legislation and
other demands change.
ACEA specifications cover both passenger and commercial engines and are split
into four major categories:
A = Petrol engines
B = Diesel engines
C = Engines needing oils that are catalyst compatible
E = Heavy duty diesel engines
OEM (ORIGINAL EQUIPMENT MANUFACTURER) SPECIFICATIONS ARE
DEVELOPED BY THE CAR MANUFACTURERS
As well as the industry standard specifications, most OEMs have their own specific
set of requirements for their cars' engines and these are defined in OEM
specifications.
To prove that a product meets an OEM specification, oil must pass additional
OEM tests. Most OEMs publish lists of all the oils they have approved, so the
consumer knows which products are suitable for their vehicle.
These approvals are especially important for cars under warranty.

Where the oil used engine oil go..

1. Recycle use in generator
2. Oil coolent machine
3. hydraulic oil use
4. Filtered and disposal
5. chain lube
6, industry burner
7.track line field