Passive transport
• Molecules move from a higher to lower concentration
(downhill)
– Doesn’t require energy
Active transport
• Movement against a concentration gradient (low to high;
uphill)
– Requires energy
– Requires carrier protein
Bulk transport
• Used for materials to large to enter via passive or active
transport
Mechanism of transport
Passive transport
• Simple diffusion
• Facilitative diffusion:
Via Channel protein
Via Carrier protein (transporter)
Active transport
• Via Carrier protein (transporter) pump
Bulk transport
• Endocytosis
• Eksocitosis
Passive Transport
Simple Diffusion
• The binding of
neurotransmitter
acetylcholine to the
nicotinic-
acetylcholine
receptor open the
channel, allowing
flow of Na+ into the
cell initiate a
nerve
impulse or muscle
contraction.
Voltage-gated channels
Antiport Pumps
the driving ion (Na+) diffuses through the pump in one
direction providing the energy for the active transport
of some other molecule or ion in the opposite
direction.
Example: Ca2+ ions are pumped out of cells by sodium-
driven antiport pumps
Bulk Transport
• 3 types:
1. Pinocytosis (cell drinking)
intake of small droplet of
extracellular fluid along
with solute particles.
Endocytosis
3. Receptor-assisted endocytosis
• involves intake of specific molecules that attach to
special protiens in cell membrane that serve as
receptors
• have a unique shape that fit only to one specific
molecule
• ex. animal cells use this to bring cholesterol into cell
Exocytosis