Elaborado por: Ing.

José Rafael Grimán Morales, UCLA-DIC Barquisimeto República Bolivariana de Venezuela

Determine el perfil W requerido, que no sea muy pesado, ni muy alto, debe dar cuatro
alternativas y escoger de estas el perfil adecuado. σadm ≔ 24000 ⋅ psi y
τadm ≔ 14500 ⋅ psi

lb
w1 ≔ 3000 ⋅ ―
ft
lb
w2 ≔ 5000 ⋅ ―
ft
P ≔ 20000 ⋅ lb

Md ≔ 20000 ⋅ lb ⋅ ft

xd ≔ 10 ⋅ ft

L ≔ 25 ⋅ ft

Cálculo de las reacciones:

Σ Ma = 0

50 25
25 ⋅ By - ― ⋅ Wt - ― ⋅ Wr - 10 ⋅ P - Md = 0
3 2

Wr ≔ w1 ⋅ L Wr = ⎛⎝7.5 ⋅ 10 4 ⎞⎠ lb
L
Wt ≔ ((w2 - w1)) ⋅ ― Wt = ⎛⎝2.5 ⋅ 10 4 ⎞⎠ lb
2
Md = ⎛⎝2 ⋅ 10 4 ⎞⎠ lb ⋅ ft L = 25 ft
50 25
xt ≔ ― ft xr ≔ ― ft
3 2

((xt ⋅ Wt + xr ⋅ Wr + xd ⋅ P + Md))
By ≔ ―――――――――― By = ⎛⎝6.2967 ⋅ 10 4 ⎞⎠ lb
L
Ay ≔ P + Wr + Wt - By Ay = ⎛⎝5.7033 ⋅ 10 4 ⎞⎠ lb

Tramo A-D 0 % x % 10

x x
w(x) = ((w2 - w1)) ⋅ ―= ((5000 - 3000)) ⋅ ― =
L 25
x
w(x)= 80 ⋅ x , wx1 = 80 ⋅ x ⋅ ―= 40 ⋅ x 2 , wx2 = 3000 ⋅ x
2
x x
x1 = ―, x2 = ― medidos desde el punto de corte
3 2
x x
M(x) = wx1 ⋅ ―+ wx2 ⋅ ―- Ay ⋅ x
3 2

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 2
x x
Elaborado por:x1
Ing.
= José
―, Rafael
x2 = ―Grimán Morales,
medidos desdeUCLA-DIC
el punto Barquisimeto
de corte República Bolivariana de Venezuela
3 2
x x
M(x) = wx1 ⋅ ―+ wx2 ⋅ ―- Ay ⋅ x
3 2

x x 40
M(x) = -40 ⋅ x 2 ⋅ ―- 3000 ⋅ x ⋅ ―+ 57033 ⋅ x = -― ⋅ x 3 - 1500 ⋅ x 2 + 57033 ⋅ x
3 2 3
-V(x) - 40 ⋅ x 2 - 3000 ⋅ x + 57033 =0 => V(x) = 57033 - 40 ⋅ x 2 - 3000 ⋅ x

En x = 0; VA = 57033 lb, MA = 0

En x = 10 ft ; VDi ≔ 57033 - 40 ⋅ 10 2 - 3000 ⋅ 10 , VDi = 2.3033 ⋅ 10 4 lb

-40
MDi ≔ ―― ⋅ 10 3 - 1500 ⋅ 10 2 + 57033 ⋅ 10 , MDi = 4.07 ⋅ 10 5 lb·ft
3

Tramo D - B 10 % x % 25

V(x) = 57033 - 20000 - 40 ⋅ x 2 - 3000 ⋅ x

V(x) = 37033 - 3000 ⋅ x - 40 ⋅ x 2

x x
M(x) + 40 ⋅ x 2 ⋅ ―+ 20000 ⋅ ((x - 10)) + 3000 ⋅ x ⋅ ―+
3 2
-57033 ⋅ x - 20000 = 0

40
M(x) = 220000 + 37033 ⋅ x - 1500 ⋅ x 2 - ― ⋅ x 3
3

En x = 10 ft , VDd ≔ 37033 - 3000 ⋅ 10 - 40 ⋅ 10 2

VDd = 3.033 ⋅ 10 3 lb ,

40
MDd ≔ 220000 + 37033 ⋅ 10 - 1500 ⋅ 10 2 - ― ⋅ 10 3
3
5
MDd = 4.27 ⋅ 10 lb·ft

En x = 25 ft , VB ≔ 37033 - 3000 ⋅ 25 - 40 ⋅ 25 2 , VB = -6.2967 ⋅ 10 4 lb (Ok cierra)

40
MB ≔ 220000 + 37033.3333 ⋅ 25 - 1500 ⋅ 25 2 - ― ⋅ 25 3 , MB = -0.0008 lb·ft (Ok se
3
aproxima a cero, cierra)

x1 ≔ 0 ‥ 10

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Elaborado por: Ing. José Rafael Grimán Morales, UCLA-DIC Barquisimeto República Bolivariana de Venezuela

x1 ≔ 0 ‥ 10
Diagrama de cortante desde A hasta D

5.8⋅10⁴
5.45⋅10⁴
5.1⋅10⁴
4.75⋅10⁴
4.4⋅10⁴
4.05⋅10⁴
3.7⋅10⁴ 57033 - 3000 ⋅ x1 - 40 ⋅ x1 2
3.35⋅10⁴
3⋅10⁴
2.65⋅10⁴
2.3⋅10⁴

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
x1

Diagrama de Momento desde A hasta D

4.4⋅10⁵

4⋅10⁵

3.6⋅10⁵

3.2⋅10⁵

2.8⋅10⁵

2.4⋅10⁵
40
2⋅10⁵ -― ⋅ x1 3 - 1500 ⋅ x1 2 + 57033 ⋅ x1
1.6⋅10⁵ 3
1.2⋅10⁵

8⋅10⁴

4⋅10⁴

0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

x1

x2 ≔ 10 ‥ 25
Diagrama de cortante desde D hasta B

7⋅10³
0
10 11.5 13 14.5 16 17.5 19 20.5 22 23.5 25
-7⋅10³
-1.4⋅10⁴
-2.1⋅10⁴
-2.8⋅10⁴
-3.5⋅10⁴ 37033 - 3000 ⋅ x2 - 40 ⋅ x2 2
-4.2⋅10⁴
-4.9⋅10⁴
-5.6⋅10⁴
-6.3⋅10⁴

x2

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 -4.9⋅10⁴

Elaborado por: Ing. José Rafael Grimán Morales, UCLA-DIC Barquisimeto República Bolivariana de Venezuela
-5.6⋅10⁴
-6.3⋅10⁴

x2

Diagrama de Momento desde D hasta B

4.5⋅10⁵

4⋅10⁵

3.5⋅10⁵

3⋅10⁵

2.5⋅10⁵

2⋅10⁵ 40
220000 + 37033.3333 ⋅ x2 - 1500 ⋅ x2 2 - ― ⋅ x2 3
1.5⋅10⁵ 3

1⋅10⁵

5⋅10⁴

0
10 11.5 13 14.5 16 17.5 19 20.5 22 23.5 25
-5⋅10⁴

x2

El cortante se hace cero entre D y B, en este punto se obtiene un máximo para el

momento, se determina la coordenada xm igualando a cero la ecuación del cortante

⎡ ‾‾‾‾‾‾ ⎤
932830 75 ⎥
⎢ ――――
solve ⎢ - ―
20 2 ⎥ ‾‾‾‾‾‾
932830 75
37033 - 3000 ⋅ x - 40 ⋅ x 2 ―― →⎢ ⎥ ―――― - ― = 10.7916
‾‾‾‾‾‾
932830 75 ⎥ 20 2
⎢ -―――― -―
⎢⎣ 20 2 ⎥⎦
40
Mmax ≔ 220000 + 37033.3333 ⋅ 10.7916 - 1500 ⋅ 10.7916 2 - ― ⋅ 10.7916 3
3
Mmax = 4.282 ⋅ 10 5 lb·ft

Vmax ≔ 62966.7 lb
12
Smin ≔ 4.282 ⋅ 10 5 ⋅ ――― Smin = 214.1 in 3
24000

Alternativas posibles: W30x99, W24x104, W21x101, W14x145

El perfil adecuado según las condiciones impuestas en el enunciado es el perfil W21x101

Chequeo por cortante: Para el perfil seleccionado d ≔ 21.4 in tw ≔ 0.5 in

Vmax
Aalma ≔ d ⋅ tw Aalma = 10.7 in 2 τmax ≔ ――― τmax = 5.8847 ⋅ 10 3
Aalma
Cumple porque es menor que 14500 psi

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