Diversity of Living Organisms : Microorganisms

1.Study the following columns and select the most appropriate matching from the options below.

Column I Column II

A. Devoid of flagella I. Single spherical bacterium

B. Rod shaped II. Pneumonia causing bacteria
C. Bacteria in pairs III. Anthrax causing bacteria
D. Comma shaped IV. Cholera causing bacteria
V. Pleomorphic bacteria
[A] A - I, B - II, C - III, D - IV
[B] A - V, B - IV, C - II, D - I
[C] A - I, B - III, C - II, D - IV
[D] A - V, B - I, C - II, D - IV
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2.Study the following columns and select the most appropriate matching from the options below.

Column I Column II

A. Pasteurella pestis I. Angular leaf spot of cotton

B. Treponema pallidum II. Amphotericin
C. Mycobacterium bovis III. Actinomycosis of cattle
D. Streptomyces nodosus IV. Syphilis
V. Plague
[A] A - IV, B - I, C - II, D - III
[B] A - II, B - III, C - IV, D - V
[C] A - V, B - IV, C - III, D - II
[D] A - III, B - II, C - I, D - IV
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3.Identify the correct pair of events when temperate phages infect bacteria :
(I) No prophages are formed.
(II) Bacterial cell undergoes many divisions
(III) Bacterial cell undergoes immediate lysis
(IV) Prophages are formed
The correct pair is
[A] I, II
[B] II, III
[C] III, IV
[D] II, IV
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4.Which of the following protects the bacteria from the enzymes present in the external medium?
[A] Flagella
[B] S-layer
[C] Slime layer
[D] Cell wall
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5.A bacterium is capable of withstanding extreme heat, dryness and toxic chemicals. This
indicates that it is probably above to form
[A] Endotoxins
[B] Endospores
[C] A thick peptidoglycan wall
[D] Endogenous buds
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6.Which one of the following is correct about Cosmid?
[A] Extra genetic material in mycoplasma
[B] Circular DNA found in bacteria
[C] Extra DNA in bacteria
[D] Fragment of DNA inserted in bacteria for forming copies
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7.Which of the following groups of organisms are ecologically similar?
[A] Consumer protists and fungi
[B] Monerans and producer protists
[C] Producer protists and consumer protists
[D] Monerans and fungi
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8.A bacterium which is capable of utilizing the most abundantly available gas in the atmosphere
for one of its metabolic pathways, but cannot utilize the second most abundantly available for its
another metabolic pathway is
[A] Azotobacter
[B] Clostridium
[C] Rhodomicrobium
[D] Xanthomonas
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9.Reproduction in most of the bacteria is by a process known as
[A] Binary fission
[B] Budding
[C] Sexual
[D] Sporulation
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10.An example of endomycorrhizal is
[A] Agaricus
[B] Glomus
[C] Nostoc
[D] Rhizobium
11.Human insulin is being commercially produced from a transgenic species of
[A] Escherichia
[B] Saccharomyces
[C] Rhizobium
[D] Mycobacterium
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12.Specialized cells called heterocysts are present in
[A] Dinoflagellates
[B] Euglenoids
[C] Cyanobacteria
[D] Archaebacteria
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13.The Gram negative bacteria detect and respond to chemicals in their surrounding by
[A] Lipopolysaccharide
[B] Muramic acid
[C] Porins
[D] Volutin granules
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14.What is true about Archaebacteria?
[A] All fossils
[B] All photosynthetic
[C] All Halophiles
[D] Oldest living beings
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15.The Ti plasmid is often used for making transgenic plants. This plasmid is found in
[A] Yeast as a 2 μm plasmid
[B] Agrobacterium
[C] Rhizobium of the roots of leguminous plants
[D] Azotobacter
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16.Certain bacteria living in the soil poor in oxygen, convert nitrates into nitrites and then to free
nitrogen and such bacteria are termed as
[A] Nitrogen fixing bacteria
[B] Denitrifying bacteria
[C] Ammonifying bacteria
[D] Saprophytic bacteria
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17.Chromosomes in a bacterial cell can be 1 - 3 in number and
[A] can be either circular or linear, but never both within the same cell
[B] can be circular as well as linear within the same cell
[C] are always linear
[D] are always circular
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18.N-acetylmuramic acid is found in
[A] Cell wall component of plant
[B] Cell wall component of Gram positive bacteria
[C] Cell wall component of fungi
[D] Viral coat material
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19.Match the types of bacteria listed in column I with their activity given in column II. Choose the
correct combination of alphabets of the two columns.

Column - I (Types of bacteria) Column - II (Activity)

A Streptomyces p Food poisoning

B Rhizobium q Source of Antibiotics

C Nitrosomonas r Nitrogen fixation

D Acetobacter s Nitrification

t Vinegar synthesis

[A] A = s, B =t, C = p, D = 1
[B] A = t, B = p, C = r, D = S
[C] A = q, B = r, C = p, D = t
[D] A = q, B = r, C = s, D = t
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20.In the light of recent classification of living organisms into three domains of life (bacteria,
archaea and eukarya), which one of the following statements is true about archaea?
[A] Archaea have some novel features that are absent in other prokaryotes and eukaryotes
[B] Archaea resemble eukarya in all respects
[C] Archaea completely differ from prokaryotes
[D] Archaea completely differ from both prokaryotes and eukaryotes
21.Thermococcus, Methanococcus, and Methanobacterium exemplify
[A] Archaebacteria that lack any histones resembling those found in eukaryotes but whose DNA
is negatively supercoiled
[B] Archaebacteria that contain protein homologous to eukaryotic core histones
[C] Bacteria that contain a cytoskeleton and ribosomes
[D] Bacteria whose DNA is relaxed or positively supercoiled but which have a cytoskeleton as
well as mitochondria
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22.Bacteria with flagella all over the body is
[A] Peritrichous
[B] Amphitrichous
[C] Monotrichous
[D] None of these
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23.Which of the following is a free living nitrogen fixing bacterium present in the soil?
[A] Azotobacter
[B] Rhizobium
[C] Nitrosomonas
[D] Pseudomonas
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24.An example for symbiotic bacteria
[A] Xanthomonas campestris
[B] Rhizobium leguminosarum
[C] Erwinia amylovora
[D] Agrobacterium tumefaciens
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25.The asexual spores formed by Colletotrichum falcatum, Sphaerotheca and Rhizopus
stolonifer are
[A] Many celled
[B] One celled
[C] Pyriform in shape
[D] Rod shaped
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26.The bacterium (Clostridium botulinum) that causes botulism is
[A] A facultative aerobe
[B] An obligate anaerobe
[C] A facultative anaerobe
[D] An obligate aerobe
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27.Red rot disease of sugarcane is caused by
[A] Phytophthora infestans
[B] Helminthosporium oryzae
[C] Colletotrichum falcatum
[D] Xanthomonas
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28.Which type of DNA is found in bacteria?
[A] Helical DNA
[B] Membrane bound DNA
[C] Straight DNA
[D] Circular free DNA
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29.Plasmids are most often found in
[A] Virus
[B] Bacteria
[C] Fungi
[D] Viroid
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30.Cell wall of Gram positive bacteria is made up of
[A] Murein
[B] Cellulose
[C] Lipid and protein
[D] Cellulose and lipid
31.Viruses are no more "alive" than isolated chromosomes because
[A] They both require oxygen for respiration
[B] They both need food molecules
[C] They require both RNA and DNA
[D] Both require the environment of a cell to replicate
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32.Which statement is correct for bacterial transduction?
[A] Bacteria obtained its DNA directly
[B] Transfer of some genes from one bacteria to another bacteria by conjugation
[C] Transfer of some genes from one bacteria to another bacteria through virus
[D] Bacteria obtained DNA from other external source
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33.Which of the following statements is true about viruses?
[A] All viruses known to man are obligate parasites
[B] Viruses are capable of performing metabolic activities on their own
[C] Viruses are filterable facultative parasites
[D] Some viruses have cellular structure and are saprophytes
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34.How does enveloped virus enter into host cells?
[A] by phagocytosis
[B] by contact with ceil receptor and endocytosis
[C] by injecting its own nucleic acid inside the host cells
[D] by fusion with the plasma membrane of host
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35.One important characteristic of viruses is that they
[A] Have an independent metabolism
[B] Can be cultured in a cell-free medium
[C] Can multiply outside a living cell
[D] Do not have an independent metabolism
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36.Virus are living, because
[A] Carry metabolic activity
[B] Carry anaerobic respiration
[C] Multiply in host cells
[D] Cause infection
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37.DNA is not present in one of the following
[A] Bacteriophage
[B] Tobacco Mosaic Virus
[C] Mitochondria
[D] Chloroplast
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38.Which of the following is a bacteriophage?
[A] Bacteria infecting viruses
[B] Vibrio bacteria
[C] Virus inhabiting in bacteria
[D] Cyanobacteria
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39.Which of the following statements is not true for retroviruses?
[A] Retroviruses are causative agents for certain kinds of cancer in man
[B] The genetic material in mature retroviruses is RNA
[C] Retroviruses carry gene for RNA-dependent DNA polymerase
[D] DNA is not present at any stage in the life cycle of retroviruses.
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40.Which one of the followings is a viral disease?
[A] Wilting of cabbage
[B] Leaf roll of potato
[C] Red rot of sugar cane
[D] Damping-off disease of seedlings
41.Cauliflower mosaic virus contains
[A] ds DNA
[B] ds RNA
[C] ss RNA
[D] ss DNA
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42.ELISA is used to detect viruses where the key reagent is
[A] DNA probe
[B] Catalase
[C] Alkaline phosphatase
[D] RNase
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43.Due to discovery of which of the following in 1980, the evolution was termed as RNA world
[A] RNA have enzymatic property
[B] In some virus RNA is genetic material
[C] m-RNA, t-RNA- r-RNA synthesize proteins
[D] RNA is not found in all cells
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44.Tailed bacteriophages are
[A] Motile on surface of bacteria
[B] Motile on surface of plant leaves
[C] Actively motile in water
[D] Non-motile
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45.dsRNA is found in
[A] Influenza virus
[B] Retrovirus
[C] Reovirus
[D] TMP
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46.Which one of the following statements about viruses is correct?
[A] Viruses are obligate parasites
[B] All viruses contain both RNA and DNA
[C] Viruses possess their own metabolic system
[D] Nucleic acid of viruses is known as Capsid
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47.Viroids have
[A] DS-DNA enclosed by protein coat
[B] SS-DNA not enclosed by protein coat
[C] SS-RNA not enclosed by protein coat
[D] DS-RNA enclosed by protein coat
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48.Which of the following statements is false?
[A] The bacteriophage has a double-stranded DNA molecule
[B] Most plant viruses are RNA viruses
[C] TMV has a double-stranded RNA molecule
[D] Most animal viruses are DNA viruses
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49.Virus multiplies in
[A] living tissue
[B] dead tissue
[C] soil
[D] culture medium
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50.Provirus is _____.
[A] free virus
[B] free DNA
[C] primitive virus
[D] integrated viral genome
51.The tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) is approximately ___ in size.
[A] 300 × 18 nm
[B] 3000 × 5 nm
[C] 800 × 10 nm
[D] 700 × 30 nm
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52.A T-series bacteriophage can be recognized by its
[A] irregular shape
[B] rounded shape
[C] tadpole shape
[D] rhomboidal shape
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53.In AIDS, HIV kills
[A] Bone-Marrow cells
[B] T-Helper cell
[C] Antibody molecule
[D] T-Cytotoxic cell
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54.The non-living characteristic of viruses is
[A] ability to undergo mutation
[B] ability to cause diseases in the host
[C] ability to multiply only inside the host
[D] ability to be crystallized
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55.Protein coat of a virus enclosing nucleic acid is called
[A] Vector
[B] Capsid
[C] Plasmid
[D] Genome
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56.The Phages that show lysogenic cycle are called
[A] Lytic phages
[B] Virulent phages
[C] Temperate phages
[D] None of these
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57.Which one of the following enzymes is present in the bacteriophage?
[A] Succinic dehydrogenase
[B] Lysozyme
[C] Protease
[D] Urease
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58.Which one of the following viruses contains both DNA and RNA?
[A] Cyanophage
[B] Herpes Virus
[C] Leuko Virus
[D] Polio Virus
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59.Bacteriophages kill
[A] Fungi
[B] Parasites
[C] Bacteria
[D] Viruses
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60.The genetic material in virus is
[A] DNA and RNA
[B] RNA only
[C] DNA only
[D] DNA or RNA