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CHAPTER III

METHODOLOGY

Researcher Design

The researchers used descriptive- correlational

research design in this study to determine if there is a

significance relationship between self-esteem and public

speaking anxiety of English major students. Subong (2005)

stated that descriptive research involves inquiries

regarding the current condition of subject of the study. On

other hand, correlational research intends to identify

predictive relationships among naturally occurring

variables.

Descriptive-correlational research was further

employed to find statistical connection, or correlations,

between variables so that some factors can be used to

predict others. The used of this research design is

considered appropriate given the view of the nature of this

research which seeks to determine self-esteem and public

speaking anxiety of the respondents likewise to ascertain

the relationship among variables.

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Locale of the Study

The study was conducted at Capiz State University

Mambusao Satellite College and Burias Campus during

academic year 2017-2018.

Respondents of the Study

English major students officially enrolled in the

following courses: Bachelor of Arts (AB) and Bachelor of

Secondary Education (BSED) during academic year 2017-2018

were the respondents of the study. The lists of the

students were obtained from the office of the registrar.

Sampling Procedures

The sample size was computed using the formula of

Parel et al. (1985) as cited by David (2002):

Nz2 (P (1-P)
n =
Nd2 +z2 (P (1-p)

Where:

N = population

n = sample size

z = the standard normal deviate set at 1.96

corresponding to 95% level of confidence
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P = the proportion in the target population

estimated to have a particular
characteristics, 50 percent (.50)

d = degree of accuracy designed set at 0.05

To get the sample size of the respondents from

Mambusao Satellite College and Burias Campus, the

researchers made used of the proportional allocation

formula by Cochran:

nNi
ni =
N

where: ni = sample size of each course

Ni = population of each course

n = sample size of the study

N = population of the study

Sampling Technique

Respondents were selected using the drawing of lots.

All the names of the participants were written in a small

slip of paper, rolled and placed in separate box and was

drawn one at a time until the sample size was reached.

The distribution of the respondents by course is shown

in Table 1.
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Table 1. Distribution of the respondents by course

COURSE POPULATION SAMPLE SIZE PERCENTAGE

Bachelor of Arts 25 28.41

32

Bachelor of
63 71.59
Secondary Education 82

TOTAL 114 88 100.00

Research Instrument

The researchers gathered the data through the use of a

questionnaire with 3 parts. Part I gathered the student’s

personal profile such as sex, age, course, year level,

family monthly income and membership to organization. Part

II of the instrument determined the self-esteem of English

major students adapted from Heartherton and Polivy, (1991).

It is composed of 20 items to which the respondents was

responded from the choices strongly agree, Agree,

Undecided, Disagree, Strongly disagree. Every response has

the corresponding scores as follows:

Strongly agree 5

Agree 4

Undecided 3

Disagree 2
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Strongly disagree 1

Part III of the instrument was determined the public

speaking anxiety of English major students adapted from

McCroskey (1970). It was composed of 32 items to which the

respondents responded from the choices Strongly Agree,

Agree, Undecided, Disagree, Strongly Disagree. Every

response has the corresponding score as follow:

Strongly agree 5

Agree 4

Undecided 3

Disagree 2

Strongly disagree 1

Prior to the used of the instruments in gathering the

data, it had undergone content validation by the advisory

committee. Their suggestions and recommendations were

incorporated in the modification of the instrument. In like

manner, the instrument was also pilot - tested to thirty

(30) who will be not included as participants. The results

of the pilot - testing were used in doing factor analysis.

Constructing validation and reliability testing of the

instruments were done using the Statistical Package for

Social Science (SPSS) software. Items with factor loading

of .50 and above were discarded. According to McDaniel

(1992) in Isiderio, (2012) the entire research instrument

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with the reliability coefficient of .70 and above was

considered reliable.

Data Collection

Before the researchers were conducted the study, they

asked permission from the Satellite College Director of

Mambusao Satellite College and Campus Administrator of

Burias Campus to give them the list of the English major

students as respondents of the study.

After the approval was granted, the researchers

administered the questionnaire.

Directions and other instructions were given by the

researchers to ensure clearness and understanding among the

respondents. Retrieval of the questionnaire followed as

soon as the respondents finished answering.

The data gathered were tabulated, processed, analyzed,

and interpreted using appropriate statistical tools with

the assistance of a statistician in handling statistical

data using Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS).

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Data Analysis

The data gathered were subjected to descriptive and

inferential statistical analysis using Statistical Package

for Social Sciences (SPSS). The statistical tools used

included the following:

Frequency count and percentage

These statistical tools were used to describe the

respondent’s sex, age, course, year level, family monthly

income, and membership to organization.

Mean

This was utilized to determine the self-esteem and

public speaking anxiety level of the respondents.

Standard deviation

This test was used to determine the variation of self-

esteem and public speaking anxiety among respondents.

T-test

This was used to determine significant differences in

self-esteem and public speaking anxiety of the students

when grouped according to sex, age, course pursued and

membership in organizations.
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Analysis of Variance (ANOVA)

This was to determine significant differences in self-

esteem and public speaking anxiety of the students when

grouped according to year level and monthly family income.

Pearson’s r

This was used to determine the relationship between

self-esteem and public speaking anxiety.