THE LEGAL BASIS OF MATH

In the number system, we recognize several properties of counting

operations, such as commutative, associative and distributive properties.

A. The Law of Commutative (commutative nature)

Understanding the nature of commutative is derived from the commutative

base word which means is the exchange. Regarding the exchange in question is
the location of a number to be added. In this sense if summing a value with its
commutative nature of settlement by exchanging numbers and the result of the
answer will remain the same if for the operation of addition or multiplication.

The commutative nature is divided into 2:

1. The commutative nature of addition :

a+b=b+a

In the formula for the settlement can exchange the location of a value or
sum number.

2. The commutative nature of multiplication:

axb=bxa

In the formula for the settlement can exchange the location of a value or
multiplication number.

For more details please note the following:

Example 1:

12 + 8 = 20, and 8 + 12 = 20 => The commutative nature of addition

10 + (-3) = 7, and (-3) + 10 = 7 => The commutative nature of addition

In general, 12 + 8 = 8 + 12 and 10 + (-3) = (-3) + 10

Example 2:

8 x 10 = 80, and 10 x 8 = 80 => Commutative Properties

Multiplication

12 x (-10) = -120, and (-10) x 12 = -120 => The nature of commutative

multiplication

In general, 8 x 10 = 10 x 8 and 12 x (-10) = (-10) + 12

B. Associative Law (Associative Properties)

The associative properties can be found in the operation of addition and

multiplication of three integers or more we know also by the nature of grouping.
The assosiative nature aims to facilitate the operation in different order. Suppose
we specify which one will first be calculated.

The nature of the associative is divided into 2:

1. Associative properties in addition:

(a + b) + c = a + (b + c)

2. Associative properties of multiplication:

(a x b) x c = a x (b x c)

Both formulas for the settlement first calculate the location of a value or a
number that is on the part grouped by the sum and multiplication.

For more details please note the following:

Example 1:

• (15 + 2) + 3 = ... => Associative Character of Addition

Resolution:
 (15 + 2) + 3 = 15 + (2 + 3)

= 15 + 5

= 20

• (3 + (-7)) + (-2) = ... => Associative Character of Addition

Resolution:

(3 + (-7)) + (-2) = 3 + ((-7) + (-2))

= 3 + (-9)

= -6

In general, (15 + 2) + 3 = 15 + (2 + 3), and (3 + (-7)) + (-2) = 3 + ((-7) + (-2))

Example 2:

• (4 x 8) x 10 = ... => The commutative properties of multiplication

Resolution:

(4 x 8) x 10 = 4 x (8 x 10)

= 4 x 80

= 320

• 12 x (2 x (-10)) = ... => Commutative Properties Multiplication

Resolution:

2 x (2 x (-10)) = (2 x 2) x (-10)

= 4x (-10)

= -40

In general: (4 x 8) x 10 = 4 x (8 x 10) and 2 x (2 x (-10)) = (2 x 2) x (-10).

C. Distributive Law (Distributive Properties)

 In addition to these two traits, there is one more Distributive characteristic.
Distributive properties are also called dispersive properties, which are said to be
the method of operating the sum and multiplication of integers. This means
adding first the numbers then multiply or can also multiply separately then add the
whole number results.

Distributive properties are divided into 2 as follows:

1. Distributive properties of addition multiplication

(a + b) x c = a x c + b x c

2. Distributive property of multiplication multiplication

(a – b) x c = a x c – b x c

Both of these properties can be used according to the operation to be

performed. For example if the nature of the sum requested then sums its operation
after multiplied, if the requested reduction then subtract the operating value after
the value is multiplied.

Example 1:

• 3 x (4 + 5) = 3 x 9 = 27 => Distributive properties of addition multiplication

(3 x 4) + (3 x 5) = 12 + 15 = 27

• (4 + (-5)) x 6 = -1 x 6 = -6

(4 x 6) + (-5 x 6) = 24 + (-30) = -6

It turns out that in general: 3 x (4 + 5) = (3 x 4) + (3 x 5), and

(4 + (-5)) x 6 = (4 x 6) + (-5 x 6)

Example 2:
• 2 x (4 - 6) = 2 x (-2) = -4 => The distributive properties of the sum
multiplication

(2 x 4) - (2 x 6) = 8 - 12 = -4

• (4 - 6) x (-8) = -2 x (-8) = 16

(4 x (-8)) - (6 x (-8)) = -32 - (-48) = 16

• It turns out in general: 2 x (4 - 6) = (2 x 4) - (2 x 6), and

(4 - 6) x (-8) = (4 x (-8)) - (6 x (-8))