Article

Sensorless Permanent Magnet Synchronous

Motor Using Field Oriented Control or Vector
Control Method based on Solar Power System
Niraj Kumar1, Ritu Jain2

Abstract
Permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) is an AC synchronous motor whose field excitation is
provided by permanent magnet and has Sinusoidal back EMF waveform. In the Sensorless PMSM,
rotor is the important part of this drive. Accurate rotor position information is important for a sensor
less PMSM drive. In any kind of machine or drive is desirable to use a methodology which is very less
depend on sensor and complicated circuits So in this article be used a mathematically field-oriented
control (FOC) method. In this article, main object is control the variable speed and improve the
efficiency of the PMSM motor. So PMSM control is control variable torque and axial flux to used
vector control method. The main parameter of the PMSM drive is control the stator current and also
find the rotor current (which does not measure directly) be apply for measurement is coordinate
reference transformation. Used the basic concept of FOC model in this model concept is total
current which take machine is inject on quadrature axis minimum current apply on direct axis.
Current inject position is totally applied on quadrature align because direct align current is wastage
so FOC technique desire give maximum power of the PMSM drive maintain its speed and efficiency.
Also information of the rotor angle is very important give the correct information so be connected a
feedback of the output of the parks transformation. All work is based on coordinate transformation
like Clark transform and Park transform also its invers is applied in the article. Total work is
represented computer MAT LAB Simulation and Experimental output is represented. PMSM
application is used with increasing popularity of electrical vehicles, Power train is used the Electrical
Vehicles and Industrial applications. Our work is designates the control system of the axial flux of the
Permanent Synchronous Motor. For various applications is also operate on Renewable energy for
powering PMSM motor with FOC model.

Keywords: Brushless DC Motor, Clark transformation, FOC, Field Excitation, Park transformation,
PMSM

Introduction
The permanent magnet synchronous locomotive is progressively assuming an imperious part in critical power engine
drives. An encoder or resolver joined to the extreme of the engine commonly supplies the inputs required for engine
speed control. Many boosted engine drives can't sustain the utilization of these criticism devices in light of reliability
worries in an unforgiving situation; engine drives the stator in a six stage handle, which creates oscillation on the

1
M.Tech Scholar, 2Assistant Professor, Department of Electrical Engineering, Suresh Gyan Vihar University, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India.
Correspondence: Ms. Ritu Jain, Suresh Gyan Vihar University, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India.
E-mail Id: ritu.jain@mygyanvihar.com
Orcid Id: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2633-6704
How to cite this article: Kumar N, Jain R. Sensorless Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor Using Field Oriented Control or Vector
Control Method based on Solar Power System. J Adv Res Electri Engi Tech 2017; 4(1&2): 23-29.

© ADR Journals 2017. All Rights Reserved.

Kumar N et al.
deliver torque. In six stage control a couple of winding is
empowered until the rotor achieves the following
position and after that the engine to drive to the
following stride. Strip sensor decides the rotor position
to electronically drive to the engine. Drive sensor less
calculation utilize the back-EMF period in the stator
windy to decide the rotor position. The dynamic
reaction of six stage control is not sensible for clothes
washers, on the estates that the bank is changing
progressively with in a wash cycle and shifts with various
loads and chose the wash cycle. In this article
demonstrate reference versatile framework based
versatile methodology has been utilized for speed
estimation. In contrast with already created techniques
in the writing, for example, EKF, neural systems and
sliding mode control this strategy consumes less
computational time and it is anything but difficult to
execute and this strategy MRAS is totally free of stator
resistance (Rs) and is less parameter delicate, as the
estimation calculation is just subject to q - axis stator
inductance (Lq). In this proposed strategy the Popov's
basis is utilized for versatile speed estimation. The
correctness of the proposed versatile system has been
confirmed by recreation and tests. The space vector
pulse width modulation (SVPWM) strategy is a
propelled, calculation escalated pulse width modulation
(PWM) technique and possibly the best among all the
PWM systems for variable return drive application. In
light of its prevalent execution qualities, it has been
finding far success application as of late.
Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor
Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor (PMSM) is a
revolving electrical machine that has the stator stage
windings and rotor continuous magnets. Three-stage
stator windings deliver a revolving attractive field
through the three-stage AC. Rotor is furnished with best
changeless magnet in surface or within ferromagnetic
materials, for example, neodymium iron, boron or
uncommon earth attractive materials to acquire a solid
attractive field. What's more, the rotor attractive field to
J. Adv. Res. Electri. Engi. Tech. 2017; 4(1&2)
appropriate for the sine or look like a sine wave frame.
The air hole attractive field is given by these changeless
magnets and thus it stays consistent. The normal DC
machine commutates itself with the utilization of a
mechanical commutate though PMSM needs electronic
compensation for the sequence control of current
through the windings. As the PMSM engines have the
armature locks at the stator, they should be
commutated at all with the assistance of an outer
exchanging circuit and a three stage inverter topology is
utilized for this reason.
These motors have significant advantages, attracting the
interest of researchers and industry for use in many
applications. The torque produced because of the
interaction of the two magnetic fields which causes the
engines to pivot. In lasting magnet engines, one of the
attractive fields is made by changeless magnets and the
other is made by the stator curls. The greatest torque is
created attractive vector of the stator. With the
improvement of changeless attractive materials and
control innovation, lasting magnet synchronous engine
(PMSM) is for the most part utilized because of high
torque/inactivity proportion, high power thickness, high
productivity, dependability and simplicity for support,
and is utilized as a part of CNC machine instruments,
modern robots et cetera. The foundation of the
recreation model of PMSM and its control framework is
of extraordinary criticalness to the confirmation of an
assortment of control calculations and the
enhancement of whole control framework. To
accomplish superior, the vector control of the PMSM
drive is employed. In the Fig 1 show the motor
construction, this is a single pole pair on the rotor.
Permanent magnets produce a rotor magnetic field
which generates a sinusoidal rate of change of flux with
rotor angle. When rotor mechanical angle θr is Zero the
α-phase and permanent magnet flux are united to each
other. There are two axis is define one is direct-axis and
second is quadrature magnetic axis. In this construction
field oriented method applied total voltage on
quadrature axis.
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J. Adv. Res. Electri. Engi. Tech. 2017; 4(1&2)
Figure 1.d-q Axis of Permanent Synchronous Motor
PMSM Field Control Method
Vector control strategies are generally additionally
alluded to as the field-arranged control (FOC) The
fundamental thought of the FOC calculation is to
deteriorate a stator current into an attractive field-
producing part and a torque-creating part. Both
Figure 2.Block Diagram of FOC in PMSM
FOC is driven calculation which can deal with the
dynamic load evolving. Its offer the best money saving
advantage in the apparatus. At the point when used
induction motors at its highest efficiency is a challenging
task, because of their complex mathematical model and
non-linear characteristics during saturation. So these
factors make the control of induction motor difficult so
be use of high performance control algorithm such as
vector control. Field oriented control in which control of
torque and speed are directly based on the
electromagnetic state of the motor. Similar to dc motor,
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Kumr N et al.
segments can be controlled independently after
disintegration. The structure of the engine controller is
then as basic as that for an independently energized DC
engine Ld = Lq. In this Fig. 2, the block diagram of FOC
block is describes to control the torque and flux.
Calculate rotor angle θ to give accurate position of the
motor.
it is the first technology to control the real motor
control variables of torque and flux with decoupling
between the stator current components (magnetizing
flux, and torque). The space vector pulse width
modulation (SVPWM) method is an advanced,
computation-intensive PWM method and possibly the
best among all the PWM techniques for variable
frequency drive application. Because of its superior
performance characteristics, it has been finding
widespread application in recent years.
Kumar N et al.
Sensor less BLDC Motor
An enhanced direct back EMF discovery strategy which
is utilized further in the rotor position recognition of a
sensor less brushless dc (BLDC) engine. It is attractive in
any sort of machine to utilize a strategy which is less
tried and true on the sensors and complex circuits,
sensor less technique is utilized to commutate and
trigger the inverter associated with BLDC engine. A Hall
Effect signal gives the data of the operations in the BLDC
engine. Hall Effect signs are utilized for the entrance
beats for the inverter. Rotor position assurance assumes
Figure 3.BLDC Motor Schematics Diagrams
In a BLDC engine drive framework position facts is
acquired from the Hall Effect sensor yield. Already Rotor
position data is dictated by implication detecting the
back EMF from one of the three engine terminal
voltages of three stage engine. The two common control
strategies for BLDCM is square wave control strategy
and the other is sinusoidal current control technique.
The exactness for the position data is distinctive
between two control techniques. The proposed system
is the "Back EMF ZCD" is utilized to decide the rotor
Field Oriented Control Concept
Figure 4. Simplification Block Diagram of FOC
J. Adv. Res. Electri. Engi. Tech. 2017; 4(1&2)
an essential part in the change of the delightful
operation of the engine so it is attractive to get the best
possible data of the rotor position or rotor point. Rotor
position is dictated by the Zero Crossing Detection (ZCD)
of back EMF. Not at all like old strategies for supposing
Back EMF of the BLDC by making a virtual neutral point,
is a complimentary technique utilized. This technique
gives an extensive variety of speed. A pre moulding
circuit is proposed to correct the back EMF at low
speed. The rotor position can be resolved even in stop
condition.
position detection technique for Sensor less BLDC Motor
control. Back EMF is acquired from the supply, with the
voltage divider associated with low pass channels and
comparator circuit. At the point when this Back EMF is
send to zero intersection indicator circuit a positional
heartbeat utilized for rotor position discovery is gotten.
To think about of my postulation work is same to decide
the rotor position yet as an alternate technique be
connected a facilitate change reference in FOC.
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J. Adv. Res. Electri. Engi. Tech. 2017; 4(1&2)
Stator stage streams are measured. These deliberate
current are encouraged into the Clark change square.
The yield of the Clark change is entitled isα and isβ.
These two segments of the current go into stop change
Block that give the current in the d, q reference outline.
The Isd (the flux reference) and Isq (the torque
reference) segments are differentiated to the
references. At right now, the control structure has
preference it can be utilized to control either
synchronous or acceptance machines by just changing
the flux reference and following rotor flux position.
Figure 5.Simulation Circuit
The assessment of the rotor flux position is distinctive if
there should arise an occurrence of synchronous engine.
The engine speed is equivalent to the rotor flux speed.
At that point rotor flux position is straightforwardly
dictated by position sensor or by cooperation of rotor
speed. If there should arise an occurrence of no
concurrent engine the rotor speed is not equivalent to
the rotor flux speed. In light of slip thusly a specific
strategy is utilized to assess rotor flux position (θ). This
technique use current model, which needs two
condition of the acceptance engine display in d, q
pivoting reference outline. It additionally torque is can
be controlled straightforwardly on the grounds that flux
segment and torque part are autonomous. Fundamental
point of this article utilize the field situated control
comprising of controlling the stator current spoke to by
a vector. This control depends on projection that
(change a three stage time and speed subordinate
framework) into a two facilitate (d and q outline) time
invariant framework. These change and projection
prompt to structure like that of a dc machine control.
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Kumr N et al.
In PMSM the rotor flux is settled dictated by the
magnets so there is no compelling reason to make one.
Thusly while controlling a PMSM, isdref ought to be
equivalent to zero. Be that as it may, in the acceptance
engines require a rotor flux making so as to work, the
flux reference must not be equivalent to zero. The yield
of the PI controllers is Vsdref and Vsqref. They are
connected to the reverse Park change piece. Both Park
change require the rotor flux position. Thus rotor flux
position is quintessence of FOC.
Simulation Circuit of PMSM
This article is fully dependent in this simulation circuits
and its output results. In this circuits be give the supply
through solar power. The output of the DC supply is
converted into Ac because PMSM operate on AC
system. So to convert into AC be apply the basics of
coordinate transformation. Be applied the basics of FOC
Use the inverse Park transform to convert voltage
component vector in the rotating reference frame d-q
axis applied reference voltage is change into stationary
reference frame. The inverse Clark transform change
two stationary two axis is transfer into three axis 3-
phase reference frame of stator. Then measurement of
three phase voltage and applied into PMSM motor after
that measure the current how many current taken by
motor than applied the FOC method through a feedback
be applied maximum current on quadrature axis and as
minimum current apply on direct axis because direct
current is zero
Kumar N et al. J. Adv. Res. Electri. Engi. Tech. 2017; 4(1&2)

Results motor running in free mode. Table 1 is a comparison

table of Vabc, Torque, Iabc and T load. It also show in
Mode 1: Enable Speed Source: False different- different time load is constant but stating
voltage is change but after some time current and
The users does not select the Speed of motor means voltage same but RPM is changeable.

Table 1.Mode 1 Consulted Results (All are in Percentage)

Time RPM Vabc Torque Iabc T load
10 40 51.13 15.13 25.71 100
20 69.41 96.59 96.56 22.85 100
30 41.17 100 100 60 100
40 81.76 100 100 100 100
50 93.52 100 100 60 100
60 100 100 100 48.57 100
70 60.58 100 100 37.14 100
80 83.53 100 100 31.42 100
90 94.11 100 100 25.71 100
100 100 100 100 22.85 100

Figure 6.Mode 1 Consulted Results

Mode 2: Enabled Speed Source: True motor a desired speed in this mode. We obtain the
following results. In the Table 2, the comparison table of
In this case the users are able to select the variable different-different parameters the RPM is constant is
speed selection of the motor and allow the users to run show to control the speed of motor.
Table 2.Mode 2 Consulted Results
Time RPM Vabc Torque Iabc T load
10 100 47.72 99.89 93.75 0
20 100 93.18 99.94 100 0
30 100 100 100 87.5 100
40 100 100 100 78.12 100
50 100 100 100 75 100
60 100 100 100 62.5 100
70 100 100 100 78.12 100
80 100 100 100 62.5 100
90 100 100 100 65.62 100
100 100 100 100 15.62 100

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J. Adv. Res. Electri. Engi. Tech. 2017; 4(1&2)
Figure 7.Mode 2 Consolated Results
Conclusion
In this article represent the simulation and Experimental
result of grid based on solar powered Field Oriented or
Vector Control method control the PMSM motor. Its
axial flux and torque control by inject current parameter
give on quadrature axis. Means totally control the
current parameter of the motor which control the
Speed.
Several test are performed on Mat Lab Simulation, With
Various Speed load constrains. To obtain the
experimental results shown on table form.
The FOC method is fast response to change for Variable
torque. It is dynamic response be change the variable
speed at variable load. Also it is observed reliable
renewable energy operation of PMSM with Solar
combination FOC is programming Technology.
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