3
Global Institute of TechnologyJaipur, India.
Abstract
This paper presents two leg VSC as Distributed Static Compensator (DSTATCOM) for the corrections of
power factor at varying consumer load. Three phase four wire system is more viable of different power
quality problems. In past various methodologies were presented by the researchers to address the power
quality problems, these problems are namely power factor correction (PFC), zero voltage regulation
(ZVR), load balancing. These problems are taken with a reduced size and cost of D-STATCOM. A star/delta
transformer based DSTATCOM is employed to handle power quality issues like reactive power correction,
poor voltage regulation, compensation of neutral currents and load balancing. This paper presents a Carrier
less Hysteresis Current Control techniques for proper switching of PWM. Load balancing is also achieved
by the controller under different loading conditions. The Simulation studies are performed on MATLAB
with Sim-Power System block set.
Corresponding Author: Manish Srivastava, Apex Institute of Engineering & TechnologyJaipur, India.
E-mail Id: msrivastava4u@yahoo.com
Orcid Id: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2600-4264
How to cite this article: Srivastava M, Agarwal S, Kumar R . Application of Two Leg VSC as DSTATCOM for Power Quality Improvement
using Star/Delta Transformer under varying Consumer Load. J Adv Res Electri Engi Tech 2018; 5(1&2): 9-16.
1992, IEEE Std. 1159-1995 etc [7]-[8]. Frame Theory (SRF) [11], Instantaneous Reactive Power
Theory (IRPT) [12], Symmetrical Components Based Theory
A group of controllers together are called Custom Power (SCBT)[4].
Devices (CPDs). CPDs reduce PQ problems of power
networks. Distribution Static Compensator (DSTATCOM), The high neutral currents in three- phase four-wire system
Unified Power Quality Conditioner (UPQC), Dynamic Voltage have detrimental effect on both distribution system and end
Restorer (DVR), etc. are some of the CPDs devices used to users. There are various techniques available to reduce the
improve the quality of voltage and current in three-phase high neutral current.
three-wire & three-phase four-wire distribution systems.
In this paper, a new topology of DSTATCOM is planned for a
This paper presents application of DSTATCOM to reduce three phase four wire distribution systems, which is based
PQ problems in three-phase four-wire distribution network on two-leg VSC with star/delta transformer. In this technique
under different operating conditions. DSTATCOM is a shunt the star/delta transformer is connected in parallel to the
connected device, used to compensate the PQ problems load for compensating neutral current [3]-[5]. A star/delta
at a point of common coupling (PCC). There are various transformer consists of three single phase transformer
topologies of DSTATCOM are reported in the literature for with turn ratio 1:1. Therefore the input current flowing
the correction of PQ problems [9-16]. Some of the topologies into the primary winding is equal to the output current
of DSTATCOM for 3P4W system for the mitigation of neutral flowing out to the secondary windings. Then three phase
current as well as PQ compensation in the source current currents flowing into three transformers must be identical.
which are topology based on Four-leg VSC [14], Three- Single Thus the star/delta transformer can be regarded as open
Phase VSC [15], Three-leg VSC with T-connected transformer. circuit for negative andpositive sequence current. Hence
[9]. There are various control methodology reported in the current flowing through the star/delta transformer is
the literature for the control of shunt active compensators only zero-sequence component.
such as power balance theory [10], Synchronous Reference
Figure 1.(a). Schematics of proposed H-bridge VSC with star-delta transformer based DSTATCOM. (b).Phasor for
UPF moe of operation. (c). ZVR mode of operation. (d). Star/Delta transformer windings.(e). Phasor diagram
Srivastava M et al.
11 J. Adv. Res. Electri. Engi. Tech. 2018; 5(1&2)
slightly leading with respect to source voltages. DSTATCOM 6. Bhim Singh, P. Jayaprakash, T. R. Somayajulu, D. P.
maintains DC link voltage and AC terminal voltage without Kothari, “DSTATCOM with Reduced Switches using
any abnormal surge to its reference value i.e. 1400V and Two-Leg VSC and a Star/delta for Power Quality
340V. The source neutral current is also reduced. Improvement in Three-Phase Four-Wire Distribution
System,” in Proc of the IEEE TANCON, Hyderabad, Nov.
Conclusion 2008.
7. IEEE Recommended Practices and Requirements for
The two-leg VSC as a DSTATCOM with star/delta transformer Harmonic control in Electric Power System,IEEE Std.
is modeled and its control has been thoroughly investigated. 519, 1992.
The study has been focused towards the development of 8. IEEE Guide for Application and Specification for
control scheme that work with simplicity and is easy to Harmonic Filters,IEEE Std. 1159, 1995.
implement, offers faster dynamics, robust in operation and 9. Bhim Singh, P. Jayaprakash, D. P. Kothari, “A T-Connected
have flexibility for future up-gradation. Controller based Transformer and Three-Leg VSC Based DSTATCOM for
on carrier less hysteresis current control is presented in Power Quality Improvement,” IEEE Tran. Vol. 23, No.
this paper. MATLAB simulation reveals that controller is 6,Nov. 2008.
able for load balancing and neutral current compensation. 10. Bhim Singh, Sunil Kumar,“Modified Power Balance
The control algorithm is found more effective to control Theory for Control of DSTATCOM,” IEEE Conf. 2010.
the DSTATCOM response in PFC & ZVR mode of operation. 11. K. R. Padiyar, Facts Controllers in Power Transmission
In PFC mode, power factor is improved. Source currents and Distribution, New Age International Publishers,
is balanced, sinusoidal and in phase with voltages. In New Delhi 2007.
ZVR mode, load condition is similar to PFC mode. Source 12. H. Akagi, E. H. Watnabe, M. Aredes, Instantaneous
currents are balanced, sinusoidal and slightly leading with Power Theory and Application to Power Conditioning.
voltages. Hoboken,NJ: Wiely 2007.
The DC link voltage of DSTATCOM has been found stable in 13. Prem P. Khera, “ Application of Star/delta Transformer
PFC & ZVR mode of operation. AC terminal voltage is also for Reducing Harmonics in the Neutral Conductor of
maintained to its reference value. Star/delta transformer Low Voltage Distribution System,” in Proc. Conf. Ind.
effectively reduced the neutral current. It also enhances Appl. Soc. Annu. Meeting, Vol. 2, P-1092, Oct. 1990.
the load balancing capability of DSTATCOM. 14. Bhim Singh, P. Jayaprakash, D. P. Kothari, “ New Control
Approach for Capacitor Supported DSTATCOM in Three-
References Phase Four-Wire Distribution System Under Non-Ideal
Supply Voltage Conditions Based on Synchronous
1. Alexander Kusko, Marc T. Thompson, Power Quality Reference Frame Theory,” Science Direct, Electrical
in Electrical Systems, McGraw Hill, New York-2007. Power and Energy Systems, Vol. 33, pp. 1109-1117.
2. C. Sankaran, Power Quality, CRC Press LLC, Boca Raton, 2011.
Florida - 2002. 15. P Jayaprakash, Bhim Singh and D P Kothari “Three
3. Bhim Singh, P. Jayaprakash, D. P. Kothari, Ambrish Single-Phase Voltage Source Converter Based
Chandra, Kamal Al. Haddad, “Comprehensive Study DSTATCOM for Three-Phase Four-Wire Systems,” in
of DSTATCOM Configurations,” IEEE 2009. Proc of ICPS, pp.112-118, Kharagpur, 2009.
4. Sunil Kumar, Bhim Singh,“ Control of 4-Leg (VSC) Based 16. Banerji, S. K. Biswas, Bhim Singh, “DSTATCOM Control
DSTATCOM Using Modified Instantaneous Symmetrical Algorithum: A Review,” International Journal of Power
Component Theory,” IEEE Conf. 2009. Electronices and Drives Systems, Vol. 2, No. 3, pp 285-
5. Bhim Singh, P. Jayaprakash, T. R. Somayajulu, D. P. 296, September-2012.
Kothari, “Reduced Rating VSC with a Star/delta for
Current Compensation in a Three-Phase Four-Wire Date of Submission: 2018-05-24
Distribution System,” IEEE Trans. Vol. 24, No. 1, January Date of Acceptance: 2018-06-05
2009.
Srivastava M et al.
J. Adv. Res. Electri. Engi. Tech. 2018; 5(1&2) 14
Appendix
AC line voltage: 415V, 50Hz, Rs = 0.01, Ls = 2mH,
Linear load: 20KVA, 0.08pf, Rf = 3Ω; Cf = 6µF, DC bus Capacitance: 5000µF, Vdc = 1400V.
V sa Unit vector ua
V sb Template In-phase component DC- voltage
ub
V sc generator reference current PI-controller
Vt
uc I *smd
ua ub uc
I *sad I *scd
V tref I *saq
− Quadrature voltage V dcref
+ +
I*
Σ
template generator sbq −
wa wb wc I* scq V dc
I sa I sb I sc
Figure 2.Control scheme based on PI controller based carrier less hysteresis current control
Srivastava M et al.
15 J. Adv. Res. Electri. Engi. Tech. 2018; 5(1&2)
Figure 3.Performance of DSTATCOM for neutral current compensation, power factor correction
and load balancing
Srivastava M et al.
J. Adv. Res. Electri. Engi. Tech. 2018; 5(1&2) 16