PLAN DE ACCIÓN

PARA EL MANEJO INTEGRADO

DEL AGUA

EN EL ISTMO CENTROAMERICANO

Secretaría General
Sistema de la Integración Centroamericana SICA

Agosto 1999

Comité Regional de Recursos Hidráulicos (CRRH)

Comisión Centroamericana de Ambiente y Desarrollo (CCAD)
Comité Coordinador de Instituciones de Agua Potable y Saneamiento de Centroamérica y República Dominicana
(CAPRE)
Gobierno de Dinamarca (DANIDA)
1. INTRODUCCIÓN ..................................................................................................... 1

2. LA NECESIDAD DE UN PLAN DE ACCIÓN REGIONAL ........................................ 3

3. EL CONTEXTO REGIONAL................................................................................... 6

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4. LA SITUACIÓN DE LOS RECURSOS HÍDRICOS EN EL ISTMO

CENTROAMERICANO ............................................................................................... 22
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5. OPORTUNIDADES, FORTALEZAS, OBSTÁCULOS Y DEBILIDADES Y

ESTRATEGIAS PARA POTENCIARLAS Y SUPERARLAS ...................................... 32
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6. OBJETIVOS DEL PLAN DE ACCIÓN REGIONAL ............................................... 52

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7. ORGANIZACIÓN Y PROCEDIMIENTOS DE LA IMPLEMENTACIÒN DEL PLAN

DE ACCIÓN ................................................................................................................ 59
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ANEXO ....................................................................................................................... 65

ANEXO A: PERFIL DE ACCIONES SUGERIDAS ....................................................... 1

1. INTRODUCCIÓN

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2. LA NECESIDAD DE UN PLAN DE ACCIÓN REGIONAL

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3. EL CONTEXTO REGIONAL
3.1. Contexto Socioeconómico e Integración Regional

3.1.1. Democratización y reforma del estado

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3.3. Legislación Nacional e Internacional del Agua

3.3.1. Legislaciones nacionales de recursos hídricos

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4.1. Cuencas Compartidas o Transfronterizas

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CUENCA Y RÍO PAÍSES INVOLUCRADOS

Vertiente del Océano Pacífico

Río Suchiate Guatemala-México

Río Lempa Guatemala - Honduras - El Salvador
Río Paz Guatemala - El Salvador
Río Ostúa, Lago de Guija Guatemala - El Salvador
Río Goascorán Honduras - El Salvador
Río Choluteca Honduras - Nicaragua
Río Negro Honduras - Nicaragua

Vertiente del Mar Caribe

Río Usumacinta Guatemala-México (Golfo de México)

Río Hondo-Azul Guatemala - México - Belice
Río Mopán-Belice Guatemala - Belice
Río Moho Guatemala - Belice
Río Sarstún Guatemala - Belice
Río Motagua Guatemala - Honduras
Río Coco o Segovia Honduras - Nicaragua
Río San Juan Nicaragua - Costa Rica
Río Sixaola Costa Rica - Panamá
Río Changuinola Costa Rica - Panamá

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4.4. Similitudes entre los Países

$ ) 3 3( ( #
8 ( ( = )
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8 J

 1 ( 3( 3(
% 8
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= 3

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5. OPORTUNIDADES, FORTALEZAS, OBSTÁCULOS Y
DEBILIDADES Y ESTRATEGIAS PARA POTENCIARLAS Y
SUPERARLAS
$ ) 3(
> #8 8
C 4 #> 5 4 # 5=
8 =

5.1. Oportunidades para el Manejo Integrado del Agua

$ ) 3 =
8 $ =
## ) 3 J

5 $ ) > 8
# = C C
2 " 3 %
/ # 4/O 5 8 >
8 ( - - ?( 8 "
3 ) 3
)

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# "#
2 8 > # #

5 " ( > C 8
) > 8 # = #
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# > 8
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5 $ ) # **&8 3 > 3 8
2 : % U 8,,,
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3( 3 #( ) # $ 3 3
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5.2. Fortalezas para el Manejo Integrado del Agua

= 8 ( =
3 8 #>

) "
3( J

5 $C 2 #
#(0-(8= 3 ) ( 8
) 3(
:
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35 $
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5 9 ( = 3
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5.3. Obstáculos para el Manejo Integrado

1 8 3 #2 #>
= ( # ) "
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>: # # ) )
8 ( 6 (
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# (

"> " 8 #
= = = 2
# 3(
 +

5 $ = C #
) $ 8
C # =
( 8 = 3 8 3 3
)
8 # ) =
#2 ) # )

5: # ( 2
)8 = # 6# #
$ 8 3
% ( C 8
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5.4. Debilidades para el Manejo Integrado del Agua

; #> = 8
> #2 # )
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8 " ( 3
# =

" 3( 3 #
8 ) 2 # J

< 1 %% ! " , F" 9

$ # ( #
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3( # ) #
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$ 8 ) >
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< 1 " # % 8 "3 % # " % 3

% 9
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# $ 8 =
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' 8# " %% % # 9
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< 1 8 B % % ! 5# @ 9
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%% # + , 9
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< 1 %% % + 9
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( 3
8 C # > 83 )
8 ) 3 ( ) #
> > ( $ 8 )

5.5. Problemática Jurídica e Institucional que enfrenta la Gestión

Integrada del Agua

$ ( C 3 )
) = 3( ) > #
# ( =
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= 8
8 # 8
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#

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$ ( # C )
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)

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2 = ( (

 " /% # ( 8
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3 %
3
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5.6. Consideraciones Estratégicas para superar los Problemas y

Debilidades

$ 2 ) #
# #

5.6.1. Estrategias Específicas sobre las Principales Preocupaciones

Regionales

" > = C
= ( 8
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- # + ,

$ 8 ( )
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$ 8 2 ( # (
% / # 4/ # O 3 /O 258
2B2 - $ 8
( > 8 > ) ) 3(
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5.6.2. Estrategia sobre Aspectos Legales e Institucionales

- 8

3 # ( ( 8
) 3
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. 8 ) ( # % 8
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8 # ( 8
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$ 8 # 3(
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( 8 ( = # 8
# 3
<> 8 3 > # 3 8
3 > 8 ( M = 7 M
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8 + =
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( )# * < @

 " $ # >
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 " $ # = # >
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 " $ # > > 3(

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2

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3( ( 8 8 "
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6. OBJETIVOS DEL PLAN DE ACCIÓN REGIONAL

$ - (
8 #
3( 8 )
) ( $
( " 8 # ) 8 8
) # = )
>

6.1. Objetivo General

DD - A
8 # >8 **!8 - 3
# ) J

# ' $ $ ) " '" $ " "

" " % " " " "(! "* ) $
' " ' # & "" % " " ' * *
* " ") " & " ' " $ * # *
" "" "" "* "# % ",

6.2. Objetivos Específicos

$ - 8 8 # )
J

7, # " "% -% "% " & $

$ #" ' * ) " ( " $ # " "
! " " !"" " * " ' "
"" % * " " * # % * "" # " "
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>, " $ ! */ #
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1, ' " $ " & $ $ *

" " " ' * " "" ' (
" "% " !" " *" ' " "*" % " ' (
" " ""#% " ) ' " "
" "*# " ( $ " " "
" " "# " % " ") " ",

6.3. Aspectos que deben Incluir las Acciones Regionales

< 8 #
# ) = #
$ 8 # ) #
( > # # $ 8 3
# #> # =

 %
8 - #
8 (
#(8 % #
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3 ( 3( 8 2 (

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# 8 ) (
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#
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6 58 = 8 # 6
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6 # # % 6 8 #
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% 8 83 #(
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$ 8 #
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8 (
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" C 3 =
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6.4. Resultados del Plan de Acción

> )2 C

# % " % "1 8 !+ 9

J #
# 3( 8 = # 3
= 8= ) 8 7
#
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J 7 # # ) 8= 3
# = # 3 =
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#

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# % " % "1 8 !+ 9

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J9 ( 8
3 3( 8 #
# ( 8

J # # )
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J1 8)
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6.5. Indicadores

% % 8 + " "1 8 !+ 9

 ? # # ( 8 # 8
8 8 6# 8 7
# # 3(
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 ? 3(

 % 3 # ) C I > I
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% % 8 + " "1 8 !+ 9

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3(
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# ) (
 % 3 ) 3
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 ? #
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( 4N2 ) C 5

6.6. Supuestos y Riesgos

$ # ) J

 " ( 2 . % (/ )
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@
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 " # ( )
3( 8 (
@
 " ( ) =
3(
) > #
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7. ORGANIZACIÓN Y PROCEDIMIENTOS DE LA
IMPLEMENTACIÒN DEL PLAN DE ACCIÓN
$ 2C - 8 # 8 =
8 = 3 # 8 = ) #
= 8 8 )
( / # 8

7.1. Organización del Plan de Acción Regional

" > #
- % # 8 ( = #.
( 8 > #2 3 )
8 # 8
= )
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: ) C #
2 ( B #2 =
$
8 3 2
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8 = C 8 #

$ # ) 8 =
8 # ( 8 $
C# = > 8 8 8 )
)

B ) % (/ %
8%/.% 8
8

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J$ / ) 4/ . 58 % 8
% ( / ) >8 ) 3
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7.1.1. Grupo Consultivo del plan de acción regional del agua

(nivel de coordinación institucional)

$ 6 8 # >C #
- )2 8 # > H
I > % (/ %
7 =
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$ = -
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 -
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$ / ) > ) 78 # $
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$ # %/.% >
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7.1.2. El secretariado general del SICA (nivel ejecutivo regional)

" % (/ % >
- 8 8
8 # " % ( >
% / %/.%

" # - # %
# 8) = =
% > ) = #
( ) 8 >

" % ( % # > # J

 "
# $ % / %
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 ( 3(
% 8 2
8 #

7.1.3. La Secretaría del Grupo Consultivo del Agua

" % ( / ) 3 #
= / )8 (
2
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#> % #
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" % ( / ) ) > # # 8
J

 #
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 $ )
3 $ =
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8 ( 9 )
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ANEXO
Anexo A: PERFIL DE ACCIONES SUGERIDAS

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