Information:
When data is processed, organized, structured or presented in a given context so as to
make it useful, it is called information.
Example:
First Name: Biran
Last Name: Limbu
Address:Dharan-9
Phone: 980705609812
ii. Define mouse.
Answer:
A mouse is a small handheld input device that controls a computer using pointer to
manage, handle or execute specific task or program.
iii. What is IT?
Answer:
Information Technology (IT) refers to anything related to computing technology, such as
networking, hardware, software, the Internet, or the people that work with these
technologies.
iv. Why RAM is called volatile memory?
Answer:
Random Access Memory(RAM) is called volatile memory because if the computer loses
power, all the data stored in RAM is lost or evaporates.
v. What is Bus?
Answer:
In computing, a bus is a communication system that transfers data between
components inside a computer or between computers network. This covers all related
hardware components such as wire, circuit etc. and software, including communication
protocols.
vi. Write the importance of OS.
Answer:
An operating system performs interpreter between human operator and computer
machines. It is the lowest level of software and manages all basic operations of the
computer. It handles hardware resources, secondary storage, primary memory, and
allocates resources on the CPU. It provides a user interface and handles system security.
Without an operating system it is not possible to operate computer.
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vii. List out the advantages of computer network.
Answer:
Advantages of networking:
Connectivity and Communication
Data Sharing
Hardware Sharing
Internet Access
Internet Access Sharing
Data Security and Management
Entertainment
viii. What is antivirus?
Answer:
Antivirus software is designed to prevent, search, detect, and remove viruses from
computer and other malicious software like worms, Trojans, adware, and more.
ix. What is the difference between header and footer?
Answer:
The header is a section of the document that appears in the top margin, while the footer
is a section of the document that appears in the bottom margin. Headers and footers
generally contain additional information such as page numbers, dates, an author's
name, and footnotes. Text entered in the header or footer will appear on each page of
the document.
x. List the uses of MS-PowerPoint.
Answer:
E-Brochures
Storyboard Tool
Product Promotions
Corporate Policies on the Intranet
Customer Education
Project Prototypes
Personal Portfolio
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MKIS include four main constituent parts:
:
The internal records that are of immediate value to marketing decisions are: orders received,
stockholdings and sales invoices.
A marketing intelligence system is a set of procedures and data sources used by marketing
managers to sift information from the environment that they can use in their decision making.
Mathematical, statistical, econometric and financial models are the analytical subsystem of the
MKIS.
Features of MKIS:
1. MKIS is permanent and continuous System.
2. Its basic objective is to provide right information.
3. it is a computer based system.
4. It is future oriented.
5. it is used by all levels of management.
6. It collects information from internal and external sources.
7. It collect all types of marketing information.
8. It helps marketing management in decision making.
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3. The Memory Unit or Registers (MU)
Memory Unit or Registers are temporary storage areas which are responsible for holding the
data that is to be processed. They store the instructions and data in a processor. This data is
further used by Control Unit.
Compiler Interpreter
Compiler Takes Entire program as input Interpreter Takes Single instruction as input .
Intermediate Object Code is Generated No Intermediate Object Code is Generated
Conditional Control Statements are
Conditional Control Statements are Executes slower
Executes faster
Memory Requirement : More Memory Requirement is Less
Every time higher level program is converted into lower
Program need not be compiled every time
level program
Errors are displayed after entire program is
Errors are displayed for every instruction interpreted
checked
Example : C Compiler Example : BASIC
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Fig: Compiler
Fig: Interpreter
Primary memory:
RAM(Random Access Memory)
-DRAM (Dynamic Random Access Memory)
-SRAM (Static Random Access Memory)
ROM (Read-Only Memory)
-Programmable ROM (PROM)
-Erasable Programmable ROM (EPROM)
-Electrically Erasable Programmable ROM (EEPROM)
Secondary memory:
Magnetic Tape
Magnetic Disk (HDD)
Floppy Disk
Optical Disk:
-Compact Disk/Read Only Memory (CD-ROM)
-DVD(digital versatile disc or digital video disc)
-Erasable Optical Disk (CD R/W)
- DVD R/W
Flash memory
External Storage Device or auxiliary Storage device
Primary Memory:
Primary memory is a volatile memory, often referred to simply as memory, is the only one directly
accessible to the CPU. The CPU continuously reads instructions stored there and executes them as
required.
It can be divided into two essential types: RAM and ROM.
However, the data in RAM stays there only as long as computer is running. When turn the computer
off, RAM loses its data. ROM is a type of memory that normally can only be read, as opposed to
RAM which can be both read and written.
Secondary storage:
Secondary memory is computer memory that is non-volatile and persistent in nature and is not
directly accessed by a CPU. It allows a user to store data that may be instantly and easily retrieved,
transported and used by applications and services. Secondary memory is slower than primary
memory but can store and retain data, even if the computer is not connected to electrical power. It
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also has substantial storage capacities, ranging from some MBs to several TBs of storage space
within single memory.
9. What are output devices? Describe different types of monitor.
Answer:
An output device is any piece of computer hardware equipment used to communicate the
results of data processing carried out by an information processing system (such as a computer)
to the outside world. In computing, input/output or I/O, refers to the communication between
an information processing system and the outside world. Inputs are the signals or data sent to
the system, and outputs are the signals or data sent by the system to the outside.
Examples of output devices are: Printer, monitor, speaker, plotter etc.
Different types of monitor are:
1. CRT (cathode ray tube) monitors:
This monitor uses a Cathode Ray Tube (CRT). CRT tube creates an image on the screen using a
beam of electrons. CRT consists of one or more guns that fire a beam of electrons inside the
screen. The screen is coated with very tiny Phosphor dots from inside. The beam of electrons
repeatedly falls on the surface of screen. CRT in color monitors consists of three guns. These
guns generate red, green and blue (RGB) colors. The other colors are generated with a
combination of these three colors.
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Gas plasma display uses gas plasma technology. This technology uses a layer of gas between two
glass plates. The gas release ultraviolet light when voltage is applied. The pixels on the screen
glow due to this ultraviolet light and form an image.