UNIVERSITY OF HARGEISA
2018
i
DESIGN OF G+2 MOSQUE BUILDING
BY:
ENGINEERING
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
UNIVERSITY OF HARGEISA
2018
2
CERTIFICATE OF ORIGINALITY
This is to certify that the project report entitled: Design of G+2 Mosque in the
the requirement for the Bachelor of science in civil engineering and has not been
submitted whether to this University or to any other University for the fulfilment of the
We also declare that the intellectual content of this thesis is the product of our own work,
except to the extent that assistance from others in the project’s design and conception or
3
APPROVAL SHEET
This is to certify that the project report entitled Design of G+2 Mosque in the University
STUDENT NAMES ID NO
In partial fulfillment of the requirement for the Bachelor of Science in civil engineering of
the University of Hargeisa during academic year 2017-2018 has been accepted.
Supervisor: ………………………………………
Signature: ………………………………………
Date: …………………………………………………
4
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
First, we would like to thank almighty Allah for giving us faith, health and intellectual
capacity to carry out this work. Secondly, we wish to express our sincere gratitude to our
family who have helped us to make this six-month work possible. Thank you and my
A special thank to Eng Ahmed Shirwa, a dean of the faculty of engineering, for having
welcomed us in his office. Thanks also for his advice and nice cooperation in our work.
We are very grateful to Eng Hirsi Abdilahi, our thesis supervisor, for his guidance and
continuous support, and also for his patience and his good mood. We thank to him also
We really appreciate, to all the teaching staff of the university who offered their
contribution during this project. Finally, we would like to thank all our friends who
providing us their motivation and to all the people who support us for this project.
v
ABSTRACT
This project concerns University of Hargeisa mosque, this mosque were built 16 years
before after growing of the population (student and staff) of the university then we need
This thesis presents structural design of mosque, based on a Structural project. The scope
of this work is to create a structural solution that ensures the safety of the mosque
In the percent study of G+2 Mosque of University of Hargeisa is designed (Slab, Beam,
Column and footing) by using software and manual. The aim of the study is to design a
reinforced concrete structure for G+2 mosque building which will be designed by using
Bs8110 codes.
For a framed structure with columns, the transfer mechanism is as follows, Load applied
on slab is transferred to the adjoining beams. Load from the beams is transferred to the
columns supporting the beams. Load from the columns is transferred to the foundation
Thus this new structure should own a specific safety margin for degradation. This safety
margin should be optimized for whole life in order to minimize the costs of required
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TABLE OF CONTENT
vii
3.4 Soil testing: .................................................................................................................. 14
3.5 Site Surveying:............................................................................................................. 14
3.6 Structural Analysis: .................................................................................................... 14
IMPLEMENTATION PROCESS FLOW CHART ............................................................ 16
CHAPTER FOUR .................................................................................................................... 17
DESIGN FLOW CHART................................................................................................ 17
4.1 ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF SLAB .................................................................. 18
4.2 ANALYZING AND DESIGNING OF CONTINUOUS BEAM.................................. 20
1.1 Analyzing and Design of rectangular column ....................................................... 22
4.4 Analyzing and Design of circular column ...................................................................... 22
4.5 ANALYZING AND DESIGN OF FOUNDATION .................................................... 23
4.6 ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF STAIRCASE ............................................................ 25
4.7 ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF DOME ...................................................................... 26
CHAPTER 5 ........................................................................................................................... 27
5 CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION ............................................................. 27
5.1 Conclusion ............................................................................................................. 27
5.2 Recommendation ................................................................................................... 28
REFERENCES......................................................................................................................... 29
viii
TABLE OF FIGURES
Figure1-3D-View ................................................................................................................ 4
Figure 2-FLOW CHART ................................................................................................ 16
Figure 3 Design flow chart .............................................................................................. 17
Figure 4 Critical pannel................................................................................................... 18
Figure 5 Slab section ........................................................................................................ 19
Figure 6 critical beam ...................................................................................................... 20
Figure 7 beam section ...................................................................................................... 21
Figure 8 column section ................................................................................................... 22
Figure 9 footing section ................................................................................................... 23
Figure 10 foundation plan ............................................................................................... 24
Figure 11 staircase ........................................................................................................... 25
Figure 12 dome section .................................................................................................... 26
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ABREVIATIONS/TERMINOLOGIES
S.w: self-weight.
V: Shear force due to design ultimate loads or design ultimate value of concentrated load.
S: spacing of link.
∅: diameter of bar.
x
CHAPTER 1
1 INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background
A mosque is a place or building in which Muslims gather to worship Allah and it has
been a central part of a Muslim community since the early time of Islam. The mosque
serves a variety of roles in the lives of Muslims. The most important role is as a house of
prayer for Allah. Mosques also use religious education, collecting of local charity, and
The word mosque is an English name and a translation from the Arabic word masjid. The
word masjid is derived from the verb "sajada" which means "to lie with the face down
and arms stretched out, especially as a single of respect or worship” and a masjid is a
place in which people for lying with the face down in worship of Allah. It can loosely be
translated more generally as a place of worship". The English word mosque is derived
from the Spanish word for mosquito and taken from into use during the Christian attack
We want to investigate and compare the current University of Hargeisa Mosque and the
type of mosque needs now. In the early years, it was enough for all the students and
employees of the university, but now the number of students and employers were
1
Increased dramatically year after year, so the university needs a larger size and modern
mosque than the older mosque. In the past time, previous administrations and students
have tried to build by collaboration but, they were filled. But the new administration will
The University of Hargeisa is one of the most powerful Universities in our country
because it has more than 7000 students and more staff, therefore, it needs a Mosque
which has good ventilation windows, more space, modern design of ablution system and
a suitable library which will help the students prepare for the religious knowledge.
Problem statements
This is the biggest problem of this University and that’s why we select this project,
because of this mosque is a small mosque which has a minimum area and facilities. While
the university needs a large and modern mosque, which can response all needs of the
university population.
After a long time of research, we made questionnaire containing a question that we ask
the students and the staff of the university and we also met the university managers to
take an interview for this and we get sufficient information for those people to get a
On the other hand, we saw the needs of the students in a library because of the university
has an only one library which is small we decided to design part of the mosque as a
library which the Islamic students can use and get books.
2
imam of the mosque and other staffs like mu'adin of the mosque doesn't have service
rooms to sleep and relax after praying and that's why we design two service rooms which
When you analyze the problem as the possible manner you design cost-effective
structure, as we know the construction companies don't care about the cost and they didn't
analyze to get the best way they solve the problem with a cost-effective. After when we
see this we made a research to know how we get a suitable process for solving this by
using one of the best codes in the world code i.e. BS 8110 part1-1997.
i. To design the proper mosque that will response all needs of the University, which
ii. To design more capacity mosque that will have take forecasting students in the
coming years, because of the growing of the students year after year.
iii. To design a mosque, which has different facilities such as a library, service rooms
iv. To maintain and use this space as well as possible. To get rid of the wastage of
land.
3
Our Scope is to design a modern mosque in the university campus, which has a standard
level, such like the modern mosques in the world; also we want to minimize this problem
as we can, because of this university have this problem for a long time and that’s why we
When the time of salah is coming, some of the students are praying mosques which
locate the outside of the university for the reason of no space for this mosque and this
mosque takes a small number of students, for that reason the time of the lessons where
loss for the coming back from those mosques and it takes a time to come to the classes
This study will take a considerable time and it will start May 2017 to July 2017.
Figure1-3D-View
4
CHAPTER TWO
2 LITERATURE REVIEW
(ritual) prostration.” Jami designates the mosque used specifically for Friday communal
prayer. Musalla is used for informal areas and open-air spaces for prayer. The mosque's
main purpose is to serve as a place for formal worship in daily and Friday prayers. Both
men and women attend, although women are typically segregated in a separate area.
Mosques often sponsor Quranic recitations and Sufi dhikr (prayer) rites. They are the
recommended location for retreats and voluntary vigils, especially during Ramadan. They
serve as centers for the collection and distribution of alms and provide shelter and
sustenance for the poor and homeless. Pilgrims often visit their local mosques prior to and
upon returning from the hajj and lesser pilgrimages. Marriage and business agreements
are frequently contracted there, and the dead are brought for funerary prayers. Mosques
also serve as educational centers and central meeting points for government opposition in
ritual prayer and preach, but the leader, or imam, is supposed to be the most learned
among them or his designated deputy. A woman may act as the imam where only other
5
Mosques are typically built wherever Muslims have settled in large enough numbers. In
some cases they began as prayer spaces in military camps and evolved into buildings as
cities developed. In other cases they were built over the sites of temples, churches, and
palaces. There are two types of mosques: large state-controlled mosques used for Friday
prayer and major communal assemblies, and smaller, private mosques built and operated
by civilians. Most were founded and maintained by private charitable donations and waqf,
or religious endowments. Shiis and Sufis have been particularly active in the construction
of mosques over the tombs of Muhammad , his family, and other holy people. These sites
Medina, and Jerusalem hold special status. The Kaaba in Mecca became the center of the
hajj, or pilgrimage, rites and the direction to be faced during prayer. Muhammad is buried
in the mosque in Medina. The al-Aqsa Mosque of Jerusalem was identified as the site of
Muhammad's miraculous Night Journey and ascent into heaven.By OXFORD SLAMIC
Hadith
[According to one Hadith “The [whole] earth is a Masjid for you, so wherever you are at
the time of prayer, make your prostration there” [Sahih Bukhari, Vol 1, Book 7, no. 331].
Qur’an
The Qur’an makes it obligatory to build and maintain a place for worship, “The Masajid
of Allah (SWT) shall be visited and maintained [‘amara] by those who believe in Allah
(SWT) and the last day, and establish regular prayers…” [Al-Qur’an 9:18].
6
In another place in the Qur’an, “In houses (Masajid), which Allâh has ordered to be raised
(to be cleaned, and to be honored), in them His Name is glorified in the mornings and in
[Al-Qur’an 24:36].
First Masjid of Islam: “The messenger of Allah [Prophet Muhammad pbuh] came to
Madinah…ordered a Masjid to be built. Trees were [cut and thus] placed in rows towards
qiblah (direction toward Makkah) and stones were set forth on both sides of the door…”
It makes sense that the first place of worship for muslims, the house of the Prophet
Muhammad, inspired the earliest type of mosque - the hypostyle mosque. This type
The hypostyle plan was used widely in Islamic lands prior to the introduction of the four-
iwan plan in the twelfth century (see next section). The hypostyle plan’s characteristic
forest of columns was used in different mosques to great effect. One of the most famous
examples is the Great Mosque of Cordoba, which uses bi-color, two-tier arches that
emphasize the almost dizzying optical effect of the hypostyle hall. KHANACADEMY
(https://www.khanacademy.org/humanities/art-islam/beginners-guide-islamic-
art/a/common-types-of-mosque-architecture)
7
The four-iwan mosque
Just as the hypostyle hall defined much of mosque architecture of the early Islamic
period; the 11th century shows the emergence of new form: the four-iwan mosque. An
iwan is a vaulted space that opens on one side to a courtyard. The iwan developed in pre-
Islamic Iran where it was used in monumental and imperial architecture. Strongly
In this type of mosque the qibla iwan, which faces Mecca, is often the largest and most
ornately decorated, as at Isfahan’s Great Mosque. Here, the mosque’s two minarets also
flank the lavish qibla iwan. The Safavid rulers refurbished these walls with new tiles in
islam/beginners-guide-islamic-art/a/common-types-of-mosque-architecture)
While the four-iwan plan was used for mosques across the Islamic world, the Ottoman
Empire was one of the few places in the central Islamic lands where the four-iwan
mosque plan did not dominate. The Ottoman Empire was founded in 1299. However, it
did not become a major force until the 15th century, when Mehmed II conquered
Constantinople, the capital of the late Roman (Byzantine) Empire since the 4th century.
Renamed Istanbul, the city straddles the European and Asian continents, and, having been
a Christian capital for over a thousand years, had a wholly different cultural and
architectural heritage than Iran. The Ottoman architects were strongly influenced by
8
Hagia Sophia in Istanbul, the greatest of all Byzantine churches and one that features a
KHANACADEMY (https://www.khanacademy.org/humanities/art-islam/beginners-
guide-islamic-art/a/common-types-of-mosque-architecture)
History of Mosque
Mosques first arrived in the Ottoman Empire (mostly present-day Turkey) during the
eleventh century, when many of the Turks in the region began to convert to Islam.
Several of the first mosques in the Ottoman Empire, such as the Hagia Sophia in present-
day Istanbul, were originally churches or cathedrals in the Byzantine Empire. The
Ottomans created their own design of mosques, which included large central domes,
multiple minarets, and open façades. The Ottoman style of mosques usually included
elaborate columns, aisles, and high ceilings in the interior, while incorporating traditional
elements, such as the mihrab. Today, Turkey is still home to many mosques that display
Mosques gradually diffused to different parts of Europe, but the most rapid growth in the
number of mosques has occurred within the past century as more Muslims have migrated
to the continent. Major European cities, such as Rome, London, and Munich, are home to
mosques that feature traditional domes and minarets. These large mosques in urban
centers are supposed to serve as community and social centers for a large group of
Muslims that occupy the region. However, one can still find smaller mosques in more
suburban and rural regions throughout Europe where Muslims populate. Mosques first
9
appeared in the United States in the early twentieth century, the first of which was built in
the late 1920s in Cedar Rapids, Iowa. However, as more immigrants continue to arrive in
the country, especially from South Asia, the number of American mosques is increasing
faster than ever before. Whereas only two percent of the country’s mosques appeared in
the United States before 1950, eighty-seven percent of American mosques were founded
after 1970 and fifty percent of American mosques founded after 1980.
SEASONSALI https://seasonsali.wordpress.com/2010/06/11/history-the-mosque-in-
islamic-religion-all-about-mosque)
In this essay, I will be explaining the role and function of a mosque in a Muslim
community. A mosque is a place of worship for believers of the Islamic faith. The
primary purpose of the mosque is to serve as a place where Muslims can gather for
prayer. The Arabic term for mosque is ‘Masjid’ derived from the root word ‘Sajda’ which
A mosque is important to Muslims all over the world because it reflects the universal
message of brotherhood in Islam as all can stand, shoulder to shoulder, feet to feet, to
perform their prayer irrespective of colour, race or wealth. Mosques have evolved from
Islamic architectural masterpieces displaying the use of minarets and domes etc. in
10
Mosques are used for many things. For example, they are used for centres of learning
ranging from 5 year olds to 40 year olds who are there for the same purpose- to derive
knowledge. There are even the odd classes for older women like sewing classes. The
reason for these classes is to educate the non-Muslim and Muslim Ummah to grow and
become better people. Some bigger mosques are even used as law courts for the few
The Prophet (pbuh) used to use mosques a means of Da’wah (calling people to Islam),
and some people still do it today. The Prophet (pbuh) never stopped any non-Muslim
coming in. He always welcomed them very openly and even encouraged them to come in
and he encouraged the Muslims to bring them to the mosque so that they can familiarize
themselves with the habits of Muslims. One common activity among many of the
mosques is the functions for birth or marriage celebrations. Some mosques even have
burial arrangements and facilities to wash and prepare the deceased for the afterlife in the
Islamic way.
Some mosques are used for charity or fundraising events to help raise money for those
who need it. There are many rooms in the mosque that people rent to use for things like
meetings and deliberation or like above, birth and marriage functions, charity events,
parties etc.
Some mosques have libraries full of books on Islamic knowledge, science and even
Islamic stories for little kids introducing them to the morals of Islam through fiction
books that they love to read. There also some clubs for little kids like Islamic Scouts or
11
Brownies. Not only are there clubs for little kids but there are groups for teenagers and
Aside from the uses mentioned above, some of the bigger mosques have community
rooms where men can retire to and have peace. There are also, in few mosques, over-
night visitor rooms where a visitor who is unable to find a home can stay for a night or
two. This shows the hospitality that Muslims can and should show.
In addition, there are motivational workshops to motivate the young and old to do good or
stay away from certain things. Sometimes there are long-term projects, like trying to get
somebody off drugs. In some mosques there are even crèches where working parents can
drop off young children in an Islamic environment and collect them later on knowing that
Mosques are also used as lecture halls where people can give speeches and lectures to
awaken people and try to make them the best they can be. Mosques are very important to
Muslims because it brings people together and helps to spread the word of God around. It
plays a major role in society because it is a place where Muslims all over the world can
turn to.
Mosques are used for all sorts of things. The only activities that were prohibited in the
mosque- aside from immoral acts- was buying and selling or trade. The Prophet (pbuh)
made it a point that mosques are not be used for material gains.
teachers(http://www.markedbyteachers.com/gcse/religious-studies-philosophy-and-
ethics/the-role-and-function-of-a-mosque.com)
12
CHAPTER 3
its process of choosing the location, dimensions and condition of the site that suitable for
your project.
This is the first task of site preparation. The site should be in a cleared and graded
condition. It involves the removal of trees, demolishing buildings, removing any and all
old and any other obstacles that might affect the construction process in the future or
investigation is the process of collecting information and evaluating the conditions of the
site for the purpose of designing and constructing the foundation for a structure.
13
3.3 Site investigation:
investigation is the process of collecting information and evaluating the conditions of the
site for the purpose of designing and constructing the foundation for a structure.
The Surveying process is not an option; it is a requirement for most zoning and permitting
To calculate internal forces and their moments (axial force, shear force, moment),stress,
I. Slab analysis: to analyze our slab as a normal we will check out all the slab,after
14
II. Beam analysis: the type of beam that suitable for our structure will be continues
beam so we study where the critical beam will occur because the continuous beam
III. Column analysis: to study the load transfer of columns of the structure and to find
IV. Foundation analysis: we will find out the sum of self weight of the foundation
foundation) , grade of material (Fcu), amount of reinforcement (NO. of bars) and so on.
I. Slab design: we will design the critical panel that it was calculated in the analysis
II. Beam design: after we were analyzing the critical beam we will design as a
section L section.
III. Column design: we will design our column by the method of biaxial bending
15
IV. Foundation design: after when we get the bearing capacity of soil and the critical
axial load from column, we will design the footing that has the suitable
dimensions.
16
CHAPTER FOUR
17
4.1 ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF SLAB
18
v = 0.185 < 0.5v = 0.51 no shear link is required
Provide15T12@300mmc/c
' '
& ) = 30 < & ) = 43.68 … … No de6lection occur
( *+,-./ ( *//12.3/4
19
4.2 ANALYZING AND DESIGNING OF CONTINUOUS BEAM
20
Provide8T14@100mmc/c
CDE + 9. >F = :. :G < H = 1.5 < 0.8IJEK LM = ; Therefore maximum shear link
A
BB
N N
is required
& ) = :> < & ) = ;; … . VW XYZ[Y\]^W_ W\\`a
O PEQKRN O PNNLSRTNU
b: = GcBB < 160dd …………….OKI
21
1.1 Analyzing and Design of rectangular column
N= 1660.33KN
N= 1662.33KN
Provide8T20mm@200mm c/c with linkT8@180mmc
22
4.5 ANALYZING AND DESIGN OF FOUNDATION
W= ::>:fV/e
Provide 10 T20 @300mm c/c
23
Figure 10 foundation plan
24
A = >q. =?rA
4.6 ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF STAIRCASE
s s
& ) t\]`m[ = qq. < < & ) t[[Wumv[Y = q>. > _W XYZ[Y\]^W_ W\\`a
X X
Figure 11 staircase
25
A= ?. :;@AwB;
4.7 ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF DOME
26
CHAPTER 5
5.1 Conclusion
A mosque is a place or building in which Muslims gather to worship Allah and it is the
most important part of Islam religion also it has been a central part of a Muslim
community since the early time of Islam. The mosque serves a variety of roles in the lives
of Muslims. Its most important role is as a house of prayer for Allah. Mosques also use
religious education, collecting of local charity, and awareness of the Muslim population,
as well as places where Islam leaders are directing information about Islam.
This study has thoroughly done to found safely mosque building, as we mentioned earlier,
this mosque will respond effectively to the need for mosque facilities.
To design a safety mosque, we were calculated all loads from the people and the upper
parts of the building which is called (live load) and also the self-weight of the structure
which is called (dead load) by using the BS codes such as BS6399, BS8110 and the other
parts.
After when we made accurate calculations, this mosque became a stable and reliable
building, also this building could be used for a long time unless natural disasters occur.
27
We begin the design of this mosque after when we get a permission from the university
managers who take our idea of rebuilt and modifying of this mosque after that we make
the case study of the mosque in the side of work and his type of construction.
As mentioned previously, the mosques are very important part in Islamic community also
mosques have a special design because of more people were prays at the same time.
In our objectives is to design the proper mosque that will response all needs of the
5.2 Recommendation
We recommend the studying of soil bearing capacity of this site before the construction
begins by using soil lab test because of the more construction projects were failed with
unconsidered of soil bearing capacity and that is why we focused on the analyzing of soil
ability.
We recommend having clear and realistic building goals and objectives before the
implementation of the project. And this will help us to reach easily our goals without
We recommend that they do not add any additional or substantial changes and uses
without consulting structural engineer because our people doesn’t care the professionals
the
We recommend that the water systems should have the ability we isolate portions of their
28
We recommend managing the project as appropriate manner, while maintaining the time
and money to any part of the project work plan, by making a project manager who
buildings by creating a continuous load path from the roof deck to the foundation.
To discourage the risks from the environment because of they will damage the functions
of the project.
REFERENCES
29
APPENDICES
Analysis and design of Mosque
d2 × 5dF/3 = 26 {|/d =
Structure: Equivalent rectangular W= N Lx/3 =C15.6{|/
LOAD TRANSFER:
Given information
Finish load = 1.2 KN/m2 Total load transferred from the slab = 2* 26
Dimensions of slab
6 KN/m2
15.6KN/m2
….
30
LOAD TRANSFERRED TO THE
FOUNDATION
Supper imposed load from the column =
1660 KN
…iŒ = 40 {|/d
floor
…– = 460 {|/d
FIRST FLOOR1 = same as floor2/
= 2 × 552.1 {| = 1,104.2{|
— = 24{|/˜™
i‹H„• = 25 dd
LOAD TRANSFERRED TO THE GROUND
FLOOR COLUMN
Shear force
31
¤¡¢ = £¡¢ |'¢
¤¡– = £¡– |'¢
Design singly reinforcement
’
± = (C0.5 + ²0.25 −
0.90
From table 3.15
Solution:
=(C0.5 + ³0.25 −
«.«©
Step1: ultimate load «.®«
= 0.95 × 169dd
ULTIMATE LOAD (N)
| = 1.4C6F + 1.6C4.5F
15.6{|/d ± = 160.5dd
˜
µ¡ =
Coefficients
C−F£¡¢C+1¥,F = 0.047 0.95…– ±
C+F£¡¢C¦§¨F = 0.036
6
C−F£¡–C+1¥,F = 0.045 18.33×10
= 0.95×460×160.5
C+F£¡¢C¦§¨F = 0.034
Step2: =261 mm2
Moment at maximum
Checking
C−Fd¡¢C+1¥,F = £¡¢ |'¢ µ¶Cd‡•F = 0.13%•ℎ
0.047 × 15.6 × 5 18.33{|. ˜ 0.13 × 1000 × 200
100
C+Fd¡¢C¦§¨F = £¡¢ |'¢
µ¶CdŽ´F = 4%•ℎ
C−Fd¡–C+1¥,F = £¡– |'¢
4 × 1000 × 200
= 0.045 × 15.6 × 5 100
=8000mm2
= 17.55{|. ˜+Fd¡–C¦§¨F = £¡– |'¢
µ¦§¥ < µ¡ < µ¦.¢ … . •{
= 0.034 × 15.6 × 5 =13.26 KN.M
Take ∅ = 12dd
µ = ¸•
Take moment the greatest moment
C−Fd¡¢C+1¥,F = 18.33{|. ˜
= C3.14 × 6 F
˜
(Continuous edge)
=113.04 mm2
{=
•( …+- Number of bars
©ª.™™×©«¬
= 0.012 < ’’ = 0.156
©«««×©-®¯ ×°«
=
32
µ¡, 14.04 × 10-
|‹ = = 200dd
µ3.¹ 0.95 × 460 × 160.5
= 2.3
-© Checking
©©™.«°
µ¶ Cd‡•F = 0.13%À•
=
µ¶ CdŽ´F = 4%À•
=
Spacing for 1 m section
°×©«««× ««
1000dd ©««
=8000mm2
¶=
3 µ¦§¥ > µ¡ < µ¦.¢ •‹Š ‹’‡
333mm say 300 mm
šŽ’„ µ¶d‡• = 260dd2
¾•‹H‡(„ 3š12@300ddi/i
Take ∅ = 12dd
µƒŠ
= 0.036 × 15.6 × 5 = = 14.04 {|. ˜ |‹ =
µƒ ‹… ‹•„ •Ž•
˜ 260
{= = = 2.3 ≈ 3•Ž•
•( …+- 113.04
14.04 × 10 -
= 3 bars bottom reinforcement
= µ¡C¼¹1½F = 3 × 113.04 = 339.3 dd2
1000 × 169 × 40
= 0.012 < ’’ = 0.156 ƒ‡•ˆ'¿ •„‡•…‹•i„( Spacing for 1 m section
1000dd
’ ƒ=
± = (C0.5 + ²0.25 − 3
0.90
=(C0.5 + ³0.25 −
«.«©
333mm say 300 mm
'¿/'´ = 5d/5d = 1d
= 0.95 × 169dd Design shear Continuous edge
Z= 160.5mm
˜
µ¡ = H¡¢ = £¡¢ •'¢
0.95…– ±
= 0.4 × 15.6 × 5 = 31.2 {|
33
Shear resistance µiŠŒŽ' („…'„iŠ‡‹• = 26 × 1.68
∅Ï = 6dd
Deflection
'
& ) = 26
( 3.¡§+ Ÿ = 25dd
d ›„Ž( '‹Ž( C•” F
= { × •ŸÈ = 0.012 × 40 = 0.48
•(
•” = C0.4 − 0.2F × 0.3 × 24
2…– µ¡ ¹4É 1
¶„•H‡i„ ƒŠ•„ƒƒ C…¡ F = Ã × Ä
3µ¡ ¼¹1 £3 = 1.44KN/m
ÊC477 − …ƒFË
Modification factor (Mft):
Ð = 1.4›€ + €€
Design load distributed
˜…Š = 0.55 +
˜ 1.44{| {|
120 × Ì0.9 + Í Ð = 1.4 × + 52
•(
d d
C477 − 235F = 54 {|/˜
= 0.55 + È'Š‡dŽŠ„ („ƒ‡ˆ• '‹Ž( »‹‡•Š„( C•F
18.33 × 10-
120 × &0.9 + )
1000 × 169 = 54 {|/d × 5d = 270 {|
= 1.86
BENDING MOMENT:
34
148.5 × 10-
= 0.09
300 × 360 × 40
st rd
a) Mid span of 1 and 3 spans – design at T-
{ < {Ñ
section
’
b) First interior support – design as rectangular
± = ( Ò0.5 + ²0.25 − Ó
0.90
section
0.09
± = ( Ò0.5 + ²0.25 − Ó
c) Moment of interior support (central) 0.90
Design as rectangular- section = 0.775( < 0.88( < 0.95 ( ‹’
d
µƒ =
0.95…– ±
d) Moment at mid span design as T-section
148.5 × 10-
M= 0.07FL
µÔ ¹4É
|Œd•„• ‹… •Ž•ƒ =
µ¡ 3.¹
10653dd
= = 6.9 ≈ 8 •Ž•ƒ
154 dd
¶ = • − 2Ÿ − ∅€ − ∅š/2
≠ƒ
300 – 2 × 25 – 6– 3 × 14/2
= = 111dd
∅š 2
› = • − Ÿ − ∅€ −
2 = 111dd ≈ 100dd
= 400 – 25 − 8– 14/2 = 360 dd
Provide 8T14@100mm with T8mm link
DESIGN FLEXURAL RECTANGULAR
˜
Shear design
{= Vmax = 162 KN
•( …+-
¤dŽ´
H =
•(
35
162 × 10™ ¤• = H+ + 0.4 = 0.79 + 0.4 = 1.19
H= = 1.5|wdd
300 × 360 H¥ = Vn × b × d
H¥ = 1.19|/dd × 300 × 360 = 129{|
é= = 0.61 d ..Take 1m
C©- ê© ®Fëì
Checking
0.4•½ ƒ½
required is given by
µ¡½ ≥
Checking for shear link
b − 2∅ − 2∅ − 2c
¶1 = & )
2 Step 1: Total load of column:
300 − 3 × 14 − 2 × 8 − 2 × 25 γ
¶1 = & )
2
Desri L B D V w
S1 = 96mm
Colu 4 0.3 0.4 0.64 24 11.52
1
Colu 3 0.3 0.4 0.48 24 8.64
Checking for crack
S1 < 160dd π γ
2-3
desri l D V Sw
KN
96dd < 160dd …………….OKI Colu 4 3.1 0.4 0.5 24 12.1
1 4
¶2 = I + Colu 3 3.1 0.4 0.37 24 9
∅Î
2-3 4
= Ÿ + ∅/ +
2
14
Column 2 is the rectangular columns of the first and second
= 25 + 8 +
floor
2
Column 1 is the rectangular columns of ground floor
Column 4 is the circular columns of the first and second floor
Y = 40mm
Column 3 is the circular columns of ground floor
¶2 = I40 + 40
¶2 = 57 dd
Column2-3 = S. + w ultimate load from beam
Checking: (N)
37
= 1.4 × C8.64F KN + 540KN
€„´ = £ × €‹´
= 552.1KN × 2 = 1104.2KN = 1.2 × 2600dd = 3120dd
Column1 €4¢ = 1.2 × 3600 = 4320dd
Column2-3 Ï °™ «¦¦
3 ™««¦¦
= = 14.4 < 15
= s. w + load of beam CNF
Find the value of ℎÑ Ž•( • Ñ
= 1.4 × 9KN + 540KN
ФŸ
ℎÑ = ℎ – Ÿ – Ф€ –
= 552.6KN × 2 = 1105.2KN 2
300 × 400
Biaxial bending As min =
0.4%bh = 0.4 & ) = 480mm
˜´ 33.2 ’|d 100
˜´ Ñ = Ñ =
ℎ 0.359d
= 480 dd < 960 dd < µƒ¦.¢
= 92.5{|
= 6% À•
˜¿ Ñ
˜¿ Ñ = Ã Ñ Ä 6C× 400 × 400F
• =
100
24.9 ’|d
=& ) = 96dd = 9600 mm2 take Asmin 640 mm2
0.259d
960dd
|‹ ‹… •Ž•ƒ = = 4.8
Find the value of β 201
≈ 5 •Ž•ƒ
Ì3 Í = C™««×°««×°«F =0.35
ì ©--«×©«á
+-
Then additional bars will be 3 because of the
From Table 3.22; β = 0.59 column sections is greater than 250mm.
0.259
˜¿ Ñ = 96 {| + 0.59 × & )
0.359
Diameter of link
1
× 92.5{| = 135.4{|d ∅L = × 16 dd = 4 ≈ 8dd
4
Spacing of link
¶H = 12 × 16
Using Column Design Chart:
| 1660´10™
= = 13.8
•ℎ 300´400 = 192dd ŠŽ’„ 180 dd
˜ 135.4 × 10-
= Ã Ä = 2.8
•ℎ2 300 × 400
Spacing of main bars
DETAILING:
39
Link = 33.2{|d
23š8dd@180ddi/i
•‹• Ì Í = 93 {| Ì Í = 93 {| Therefore,
¢ –
8š16dd@240dd i/i ′ 3′
you can use equations
ℎ′
˜´′ = ˜´ + £ à ′ Ä ˜¿
•
Design calculations of critical column
N 1662.1 × 10™
›‡Žd„Š„• = 400dd & )= = 0.26
Given
bhfcu C400 × 400 × 40F
Ÿ‹H„• = 25 From Table 3.22; β = 0.70
›€ = 12.1 {| 359
˜´ ′ = 93 {| + 0.7 × & ) × 93{|d
359
€€ = 1662.1 {|
= 158.1 {|d
ULTIMATE DESIGN LOAD
= 1.4 × ›€ + 1.6 × €€
Using Column Design Chart:
| 1662.1 × 10™
1.4 × 12.1{| + 1662.1 = 1662.1{| = = 10.4
ℎ 400 × 400
˜ 158.1 × 10-
= Ã Ä = 2.4
Solution
› ℎ′ 357
ℎ′ = ℎ − i − Ф' − = =& ) = 0.89 ≈ 0.9
2 ℎ ℎ 400
ФŠ
16
ℎ′ = 400 − 25 − 8 − = 359dd
2
K = 1.5
C3.1415 × 400 F
Find the moment:
=
©--«
= 314dd
©.-
= 1037.5KN
µƒ¦§¥ = 0.4%ℎ
C = 40 mm
400´400
= 0.4 × & ) = 640 dd
Column = 400mm × 400 mm
= 0.1 × 1037.5{|
Assume footing self-weight at 10% of axial load
Find the diameter of link:
Ф€ = 0.25 × 20 = 5 ≈ 8 dd = 103.75{|/m
¶H = 12 × 20 = 240 dd = 1141{|/d
Spacing of link bars 240 mm takes 200 mm Minimum required base area (A)
1141{|
= 6.4 d
177{|w
DETAILING:
Link dd
= √6.4 = B = 2.5 m
T8mm@180mm c/c
€‹•ˆ‡ŠŒ(‡•Ž' (‡•„iŠ‡‹•
Column load
∅Î
(¢ = ℎ − Ÿ −
2
Total factored load of column = 1660 KN
41
600 – 40 – 10 = 550 dd 1141 × 1.05
=
2
= 628.9{|d
Transverse direction,
dù = h − C − 1.5∅
˜
{=
Check footing self-weight: •( …+-
Ð = 24 {|/d3 × 2.5 d × 2.5d × 0.6d 628.9 × 10-
=
90 { < 103.75{| CµƒƒŒd„( …‹‹Š†Ž¿F 2500 × 530 × 40
= 0.024 ’’ = 0.156
… … … . . •{
Design singly reinforcement
Bending reinforcement
’
± = (C0.5 + ²0.25 −
Transfer direction is critical so design
direction›– =530 mm 0.90
= (C0.5 + ³0.25 −
«.« °
«.®«
Total design load = 1.4 Gk+1.6QK )
= 1.4 × 103.75{| + 1.6 × 1037.5{| = 0.97 ( †ℎ‡iℎ ‡ƒ ˆ•„ŽŠ„• ŠℎŽ• 0.95(
= N/(B*D) ± = 503.5 dd
1805{| ˜
µ¡ =
2.5 × 2.5 0.95…– ±
629.8 × 10-
288.8{|/d2
0.95 × 460 × 503.5
= 2858 dd2
Earth line load (WL) = Wp× B
= 288.8× 2
Checking
= 577.6 {|/d
µ¶ C˜û|F = 0.13%À•
«.©™× í««×-««
2500 − 400
Moment at column face
۬ =
©««
=
2
= 1950 dd2
1050 dd
µ¶C˜Ž´F = 4% •ℎ
Ѐ
˜= 4 × 2500 × 600
2 =
100
42
100As 100x314
= = 0.023 < 3 •{!
=60,000mm2
µ¦§¥ < µ¡ < µ … … . ŠŽ’„ µ¡¦§¥ b÷d Å2500x530Æ
µƒ = 2858dd2 400 400
= = 0.75 < 1.0 |‹Š •{!
∅, = 20 d 530
400
Use = 1.0
µ = ¸• d
= 3.14 × 10 ©
…+- ™ 40 ™
©
( ) = ( ) = 1.12
= 314 dd2 25 25
Û Û Û
ÛÜÜÝ, á âÜÜ â /äå á
«.*®×+ . + . + .
¤+ =
ß- à à ¯æ
µ¡¦§¥
NUMBER OF BARS
|•. •Ž•ƒ = 0¦
µ3.¹
Û Û
= 9.1 bars ≅ 10•Ž•ƒ «.*® Å«.« ™Æá Å©Æâ Å©.© Æ
=
ªíª¦¦¯
™©°¦¦¯
©. í
Spacing ¤+ = 0.20
#ê$ê#∅Q
=
Check direct vertical shear at 1.0d from face
#b of column
2500mm – 2 × 40mm – 10 × 20mm
=
4
Length of critical section
1–
= 555mm ≈ 500mm Le = Å − dÆ
= Å − 530Æ = 520mm
í««–°««
which less than 750mm … … ok
V = W3 × B × L
Shear force,
Provide 10T20 (2,198mm2) @300mm c/c
Column perimeter: u = 4c
= 4 × 400
Check Concrete Shear Resistance:
Concrete shear stress Reinforcement provided is
6T20 (As = 2,198 mm2) = 1600mm
43
Shear stress: V9 = N/u d DL BAEABKB DFURM NAEr AD MUGKAMUO
N/ Å4c x dÆ
1660000
=
4 × 400 × 530
ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF STAIRCASE
V9 = 1.95 < V
GIVEN DATA:
: !
Tread, t = 250 mm,
= 5 Nwmm2 f = 40 N/mm
Punching Shear at 1.5d of column face Critical fù = 460N/mm
= Å4i + 8 × 1.5(Æ
= Å4 × 400 + 8 × 1.5 × 530Æ Concrete density = 24 KN/m™
= 7960 dd QI = 4.5KN/m
µP = Cc + 3dF ∅, = 12dd
Area inside the critical perimeter:
= C400 + 3 × 530F
= C1.99 × 10™ F
C = 25 mm
= 3.96 × 10- mm
= 3.96m
Solution
V <=>= = W3 × A <=>=
Shear force on the critical area: Step 1: slope length
€ = I3 + 1.87
= 265.6 × 3.96
= 3.5d
= 1051 KN ø,
› = ℎ−i−
2
?@ = N – ?EMQAERN = 1660 –1051= 609 KN
Punching shear force:
12
120 − 25 −
2
V3
Punching shear stress:
v3 =
ÅLBC × dÆ
89mm
609 × 10 ™
Assume width strip of 1 m
1.1N 1.87
= < v + 0.4 = &0.12 ´ 3.5 + 0.25 ´ ) ´ 24
mm 2
A = πr = 3.14 × 62
{ = 3¨¯ = ©«««×ª®¯ ×°«
©-.™×©«¬
+-
= 113.04 mm
= 0.05 < {’ = 0.156
288mm
Number of bars =
L = ( M0.5 + ³Ì0.25 − «.®Í N 113mm
ë
0.94 × 89dd = 84 dd
M 16.3 × 10-
µ¡ = =
0.95. fy. Z 0.95 × 460 × 84 Shear stress
=444 dd C FF
Shear force V =
2
µ¡ ¦§¥ = 0.13%•ℎ
43.58
9.:qC:999FC:;9F
:99 2
2
= 156 mm < As OK
A = πr
5
v=
P6
21.8 × 10™
2
3.14 × 6
©««C°í F ©/™
Ì Í
©«««×ª®
= 0.80 So deflection is satisfactory
©
400 °
& ) = 0.82 take 1
89 DESIGN OF RCC DOME
©
40 ™
& ) = 1.17
Given data
25 Assume
Å0.79 × 0.80 × 1 × 1.17Æ
= 0.485
1.25
Span of the dome = 4 m
Central rise = 3 m
& ) = 26
( 3.¡§+
•– = 460|wdd
m
= K × FCU
bd Compression of steel = 100|wdd
= 0.05 × 40 = 2
Solution
Load calculations
= 0.2d × = 4.8{|wd
°ëì
¦¦á
301.2 N/mm2
Å477 − …ƒÆ
˜•š = 0.55 + Take floor finishing = 1{|wd
˜
T120 +0.9 + .U
•(2
Å477 − 301.2Æ Total dead load = 4.8{|wd + 1{|wd
= 0.55 +
ñ120Å0.9 + 2Æò
1.05 < 2 … … … … … … … … … … … . ‹’‡ = 5.8{|wd
Find radius
46
Z̄ ¯ â̄ ¯ 0.30
‚=
Ì Í ×¹ ¯
=
Ì Í ×™¯
µƒŠ = 0.30% × •( = × 1000 × 200
×¹ ×™
= 2.17m 100
Z̄ = 600dd
= Sin∅ = 0.92
â̄
Ì Í Ì Í
=
W .©*
Assume diameter of one bar = 12 dd
Sin∅ =
∅ = sin 0.92 = 67
ê °
¸×› ¸ × 12
ŽƒŠ = = = 113.1mm
4 4
Cª.© F×C .«íF
˜š = C©XY ÔÎ-*° F
= 12{|
ŽƒŠ
¶»Ži‡•ˆ C¶ F = × 1000
Meridiona Stress (MS) µƒŠ
˜¶ = = = 0.06Nwmm 113.1 dd
Î © ש«á
* C©«««× ««F = × 1000 = 188 .5dd
600dd
Checking:
µƒŠ 754dd
|Œd•„• ‹… •Ž•ƒ C|F = =
ŽƒŠ 113.1dd
Hoop thrust (HT)
1 = 6.7 ≈ 7
•š = ЂCŸ‹ƒ∅ −
1 + Ÿ‹ƒ∅
Šℎ„•„…‹•„ ŠŽ’„ 14•Ž•ƒ.
1
•š = 8.12 × 2.05 &Ÿ‹ƒ67 − )
1 + Ÿ‹ƒ67 Design of ring beams
•š = −5.46{| š × › × Ÿ‹ƒ∅
•‹‹» Š„•ƒ‡‹• C•šF =
2
12 × 4 × Ÿ‹ƒ67
Hoop stress (HS)
]Î = = 9.37{|
•¶ = = −5.46 × ©«««×
©«á
* ««
2
µƒŠ 93.7dd
|‹. = = = 0.83 ≈ 1
But these stresses are very low therefore
minimum of 0.30% of the dome area will be ŽƒŠ 113.1
Therefore take 2 bars.
adopted as the reinforcement.
9.37 × 10™
= 1.2 = 0.01
µi + C13.33 − 1F × 226.2 Z = d b0.5 + Ò²0.25 − Óc
0.9
µi = 5484.2dd
0.98 > 0.95( ±dŽ´
Assume square beam so the size of the ring
beam is <>BB × <>BB Z = 118.75mm
m 6.76 × 10-
AS = =
0.95Fyz 0.95 × 460 × 11.75
DESIGN OF SLAB IN MINARET
ƒ»Ž• µ¶ = 130dd
˜‡•‡dŒd „……„iŠ‡H„ („»Šℎ =
20 × d. … µ•„Ž ‹… ‹•„ •Ž• µƒƒŒd„ ∅ = 10dd
µƒƒŒd„ d‹(‡…‡iŽŠ‡‹• …ŽiŠ‹• = 1.2 de ¯ dC©«¯ F
ŽƒŠ = ° °
= 78.5dd
300dd
=
(„……„iŠ‡H„ = = 125dd
20 × 1.2 |Œd•„• ‹… •Ž•ƒ = .¡,
*¡,
’
condition is condition1 at the top and bottom
± = ( b0.5 + Ò²0.25 − Óc
0.9
∴ β = 1.2 from table 3.20
∴ Lex = β× Lox= 1.2×3600mm = 4320mm
Step 4:short and slender columns:
0.07
= ( b0.5 + Ò²0.25 − Óc = 0.91(
0.9
In x-direction:
Ï °™ «¦¦
°««¦¦
= = 10.8< 15
0.91( < 0.95( Šℎ„•„…‹•„ ‡Š ‹’. In y- direction short column
± = 0.91 × 144 = 131dd Ï °™ «¦¦
3 °««¦¦
= = 10.8 < 15
d 9.5 × 10-
µƒŠ = =
0.95…¿L 0.95 × 460 × 131
Calculation of ultimate load
= 166dd
DL = self weight + finishing load
195 ¦á
|Œd•„• ‹… •Ž•ƒ = = 1.72 ≈ 2•Ž•ƒ
113.1 €€ = 25.26{|
∅ 12
• − 2i−≠ 2 150 − 2 × 25 − 2 × 2
DESIGN LOAD = 1.4*DL+1.6*LL
¶= =
≠ƒ 1 1.4*11.52KN + 25.26KN = 41.39KN
= 88dd ФŸ
ℎÑ = ℎ – Ÿ – Ф€ –
2
= 400 – 25 – 8 – 16/2 = 359 dd
DESIGN OF MINARET COLUMN:
49
• Ñ = • – Ÿ – Ф€ – Ÿ Mx Ñ < My Ñ
•Ñ
˜¿′ = ˜¿ + £ Ã Ñ Ä ˜´
Minimum eccentricity:
ℎ
Along major x-x axis,
… … … … … … •{! = 0.0086
• = 0.05•
Using Column Design Chart:
N 41.39x10™
= = 0.34
= 0.05 × 300 = 15 dd bh 300x400
Mx = & Ñ )
Ñ
= 120 dd2
h
0.83 kNm
= = 2.31KN 300 × 400
As min =
0.359m 0.4%bh = 0.4 & )
100
My Ñ 0.62 kNm
My = Ã Ñ Ä =
Ñ
= 480 dd > 120 dd < µƒ¦.¢ = 6% À•
b 0.259m
50
¸×› 3.1415 × 16
µ = =
4 4
= 201dd
480
|‹ ‹… •Ž•ƒ = = 2.04
201
≈ 4 •Ž•ƒ
Diameter of link
1
∅L = × 16 dd = 4 ≈ 6dd
4
Spacing of link
¶H = 12 × 16dd
Number of link
|‹ = 22.2 ≈ 23•Ž•ƒ
°«««¦¦
©ª«¦¦
DETAILING:
Link
23š6dd@180dd i/i
Main bars
8š20dd@300dd i/i
= µ¼¹1 C1608dd F
51
BILL OF QUANTITY
52
53
54
55
56