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n English, a distinction is made between when the pronoun acts as the subject (subject pronouns) of the
sentence, as opposed to instances when it is used in the function of an object (object pronouns).

Personal Example ARTI

Pronouns
(Subject
Pronouns)

I I am ill. SAYA SAKIT

you You are tall. KAMU TINGGI
he He is handsome. DIA (LAKI-LAKI) GANTENG
she She is pretty. DIA (PEREMPUAN) CANTIK
it It is cold today. [DIA (BUKAN MANUSIA)] HARI

INI DINGIN
we We are tired. KAMI CAPEK
they They are at the cinema. MEREKA ADA DI BIOSKOP

Personal Pronouns Example Arti

(Object Pronouns)

me Can you help me? BISAKAH KAMU MEMBANTU SAYA

you I can help you. SAYA BISA MEMBANTU KAMU
him Can you see him? BISAKAH KAMU MELIHAT DIA (LAKI-

LAKI)
her Give it to her. BERIKAN KEPADA DIA (PEREMPUAN)
it Give it a kick. BERIKAN ITU SEBUAH TENDANGAN

(BUKAN MANUSIA)
us Can you see us? BISAKAH KAMU MELIHAT KAMI
them He can help them. DIA(L) BISA MEMBANTU MEREKA

Note: The formal forms of "you*" that are a part of some other languages, do not exist in English*. As
such, native English speakers have no concept of the “formal” in this sense.

Also, it is important to remember that there is no distinction between the singular or plural forms of
"you*" in English*. It is only in the reflexive pronouns that we distinguish between these two
forms: yourself (singular) and yourselves (plural).

There are two types of possessives which are determined by their function in the sentence.

Possessive Example Arti

Determiners

my This is my house. INI RUMAH SAYA

your This is your book. INI BUKUMU

his This is his bicycle. INI SEPEDA MILIKNYA(L)

her This is her dress. INI GAUN MILIKNYAP)

its The dog doesn’t like to be on its ANJING ITU TIDAK SUKA SENDIRIAN
own.
our These are our suitcases. INI ADALAH KOPER KAMI

your These are your seats. INI ADALAH TEMPAT DUDUKMU

their These are their books. INI ADALAH BUKU MEREKA

Note: We only use the possessive pronoun “its” with the adjective “own”.

Possessive Example ARTI

Pronouns

mine This book is mine. INI BUKU SAYA

yours Is this book yours? APAKAH INI BUKUMU?
his This bicycle is his. SEPEDA INI MILIKNYA(L)
hers The dress is hers. GAUN INI MILIKNYA (P)
its The house is its [the RUMAH INI MILIKNYA( KUCING /
cat’s]. BUKAN MANUSIA)
ours The suitcases are ours. KOPERNYA ADALAH MILIK KAMI
 yours These seats are yours. INI ADALAH KURSI ANDA
theirs This pencil is theirs. PENSIL INI MILIK MEREKA
Possessive determiners and pronouns vary according to the possessor and not to whether the object is in
singular or plural, as in some other languages such as Spanish.
my book, his book, my books, his books…
Function
1. The possessive as determiner
These pronouns function as the determinative article of the noun that they accompany and therefore
precede the object.
Examples:
My car is blue.
His house is big.
2. The possessive as pronoun
In this case, the possessive pronoun acts as a direct complement.
Examples:
The blue car is mine.
The big house is his.

Note: These examples respond to the question,“Whose is this?”.

It is important to first explain that demonstrative pronouns can be singular or plural and that they make
reference as well to distance.
this these
that those

Examples:
Singular and “here”: Plural and “here”:
I like this car. I like these cars.
Singular and “there”: Plural and “there”:
I like that car. I like those cars.

Demonstrative pronouns can be accompanied by a noun, as in the examples above, or they may be found
alone, as in the following examples.
Examples:
This is a good book.
What is that?
Other Uses of Demonstrative Pronouns
1. We use “this” when we present ourselves to someone on the telephone.
Example:
Hello. This is Alicia.
2. We use “that” when we are not sure with whom we are speaking.
Example:
Peter, is that you?
3. We use “this” when we are introducing people.
Example:
Lucy, this is my friend Jill.
4.“That” can be used to refer to something in the past.
Example:
That pizza was delicious.
Reflexive pronouns are used when the subject and the complement of the verb are the same. While
reflexive verbs are common in many other languages, they are not used as frequently in English. When
necessary, the verb is followed by one of the following reflexive pronouns:

Reflexive Example
Pronouns

myself I saw it for myself. saya melihatsnya sendiri

yourself Don’t burn yourself! jangan membakar dirimu
himself He hurt himself. dia melukai dirinya sendiri
herself She did it herself. dia melakukan itu sendiri
itself The cat scratched itself. kucingnya menggaruk dirinya sendiri
ourselves We made it ourselves. kami membuatnya sendiri
yourselves Did you paint the apakah kamu melukis rumah itu sendiri
house yourselves?
themselves They were speaking mereka sedang berbicara dengan diri
to themselves. mereka sendiri

Note: “You” can be either singular or plural. Note the reflexive form of the singular (“yourself”) and the
plural (“yourselves”).

Grammatical Rules
1. We can use reflexive pronouns with most transitive verbs, but among the most common are:
blame, cut, enjoy, help , hurt , introduce, prepare, teach
Examples:
How did he hurt himself?
We really enjoyed ourselves while on holiday.
I blame myself.
2. We can use reflexive pronouns when we want to emphasize the subject. In these cases, it is more
common to place the pronoun at the end of the sentence rather than after the verb.
Examples:
We painted the house ourselves.
What a great party! Did you prepare everything yourself?
3. We use “by” + reflexive pronoun to indicate “alone”.
Examples:
I often prefer to be by myself.
She learned to read all by herself.
4. The use of the reflexive pronoun with some verbs can change the meaning.
Examples:
Help yourself to some coffee. (meaning: take some coffee)
We found ourselves in the middle of a very complicated situation. (meaning: to discover unexpectedly)
5. We do not use reflexive pronouns for actions that people usually do for themselves.
Example:
I have to shave every other day.
I have to shave myself every other day.
6. We use reflexive pronouns with certain expressions.
Examples:
Behave yourselves! (meaning: behave well)
Help yourself. (meaning: said to someone when offering something, such as food or drink)
Make yourself at home. (meaning: said to a guest to encourage them to feel comfortable in your
home)
Reciprocal Pronouns
Reciprocal pronouns are formed with the phrase “each other”. This is not a reflexive form, but rather a
reciprocal one. In contrast to the reflexive, we have two different subjects that are talking one to one.
Example:

John and Peter speak to each other every day.

Bahasa Inggris :

Hello, let me to introduce myself here. My Name is Rakasiwi. I am one of the students at SMP N 10
Jakarta. I am 15 years old and in December I am going to be 16 years old. My hobby is to be a
renowned scientist like Einsten.

I am the only child of a small family living in Jakarta. My father works as a physics teacher, while my
mother works as a chemistry teacher. Since childhood, I was given a lot of learning about physics and
chemistry by my parents. So, I know a little about the sciences and if the friends here want to learn,
let’s learn together.

That’s about the introduction I can say. Thank you.

Terjemahan Bahasa Indonesia :

Halo, ijinkan saya disini untuk memperkenalkan siapa diri saja. Nama Saya Rakasiwi. Saya
merupakan salah satu siswa di SMP N 10 Jakarta. Umur saya saat ini 15 tahun dan pada bulan
Desember besok saya akan berulang tahun yang ke 16 tahun. Hobi saya adalah menjadi ilmuwan
ternama seperti Einsten.

Saya merupakan anak tunggal dari sebuah keluarga kecil yang tinggal di Jakarta. Ayah saya bekerja
sebagai guru fisika, sementara ibu saya bekerja sebagai guru kimia. Sejak kecil, saya memang diberi
banyak pembelajaran mengenai ilmu fisika dan kimia oleh orang tua saya. Jadi, saya sedikit tau
mengenai ilmu-ilmu itu dan apabila teman-teman disini ingin belajar, mari belajar bersama-sama.

Kira-kira itulah perkenalan yang bisa saya ucapkan. Terimakasih.

Contoh 2
Bahasa Inggris :

Good mornings friends.

On this occasion, allow me to introduce myself. So, my name is Eka Retno. I am 17 years old and live
in West Java. For now I am in SMA N 3 Bandung. My favorite food is meatballs, while my favorite
drink is soda drink. By the way, is there still someone that has a favorite color? well, my favorite color
is yellow.

Speaking of family, I have a mother named Purwati and father named Susilo. Like a child, I am very
fond of them. They are successful entrepreneurs who inspire me. I have one brother and one sister.
They are Riza and Alya. Riza is still in junior high school while Alya is in elementary school. They are
good kids but sometimes annoy me. About the hobby, I really like to swim. I like to spend my vacation
in the pool with my friends. Well, I think enough for information about my life.

Thank you very much, my friends.

Terjemahan Bahasa Indonesia :

Selamat pagi, teman-teman.

Pada kesempatan kali ini, ijinkan saya untuk memperkenalkan diri saya. Jadi, nama saya adalah Eka
Retno. Saya berusia 17 tahun dan tinggal di Jawa Barat. Untuk sekarang ini saya berada di SMA N 3
Bandung. Makanan favorit yang saya sukai adalah bakso, sementara minuman favorit yang paling
saya sukai adalah soda gembira. Kira-kira, disini masih ada memiliki warna favorit tidak? Kalau ada,
saya masih menyukai warna kuning.

Bicara masalah keluarga, saya memiliki ibu yang bernama Purwati dan ayah yang bernama Susilo.
Sebagaimana anak, saya sangat menyayangi mereka. Mereka adalah pengusaha sukses yang
menjadi inspirasi saya. Saya memiliki satu saudara laki-laki dan satu saudara perempuan. Mereka
adalah Riza dan Alya. Jaki masih duduk di bangku SMP sementara Alya duduk dibangku SD. Mereka
adalah anak yang baik namun terkadang membuatku sebal. Tentang hobi, saya sangat suka
berenang. Saya suka menghabiskan liburan di kolam renang bersama teman-teman. Baiklah, saya
rasa cukup untuk informasi mengenai kehidupan saya.

Terima kasih banyak, teman-teman.