ORGANIZATION AND MANAGEMENT

INTRODUCTION:
 The driving force behind every organization is its MANAGEMENT TEAM
 There is no universal accurate management to define the one that is best
 Organization and Management is twin terms that exist side bi side with each other – each one
needs and support the other
 In real world of administration, Organization and Management are essential elements through
which human actions and objectives are carried out and accomplished
ORGANIZATION
 Consist of people who more or less share common objectives and purpose
 Organizations use knowledge and techniques to accomplish its goals
 According to Scott and Mitchell as cited in Nigro 1989, “Formal Organizations are “A system of
coordinated activities of a group of people working cooperatively toward a common goal under
authority and leadership.”
 Formal organization are popularly known as “BUREAUCRACY” – to carry out its functions and
perform its role in society
 According to Stoner and Freeman, 1989, “Informal organization undocumented and officialy
unrecognized relationships between members of an organization that enevitablly emerged out
of the personal group needs of employees.”

STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS: (5M’s)

1. Men – members of the organization starting from the very top of the last workman in the
organization
2. Materials – represent the materials necessary in the distribution of functions or in the
attainment of its objectives
3. Machine – the tools necessary in producing its desired output
4. Methods – the procedures and ways used in the course of its action
5. Money – the financial resources of the organization

PRINCIPLES OF GOOD ORGANIZATION

 Principle of objective – must be known, it serves as the guide to future planning and action. It
integrates policies, projects and programs and it enables every member to act consistently
according to common goal.
 Analysis – study as the work could be finished at the right time
 Simplicity – the simplest organization that will serve to attain the desired objective is considered
the best. All activities which are not absolutely necessary should be eliminated, and those
retained should be handled in the simplest practical way.
 Functionalism – the organization should be built around the main functions and nt around the
individuals.
 Departmentalism – in a big organization, the scope of operation can be very broad, necessitating
departmentalization to achieve a flow of operations
 Centralization of Authority and Responsibility – in every organization there should be centralized
executive control or command authority
 Limited Span of Control – the number of subordinates an executive can manage effectively
MANAGEMENT

 According to Kast, 1974, management involves the coordination human and material resources
toward the attainment of the organization’s goal.
 Management is a process – it is the process of directing and facilitating the work of people who
are organized for a common purpose. It is the process of process combining the efforts and
resources of individuals with a common interest to achieve a desired objective.

MANAGEMENT
 According to Stoner and Freeman, 1989, the process includes:
1. Planning – process of establishing objectives and appropriate courses of action before taking
action
2. Organizing – arranging an organization’s structure
3. Leading – directing and inspiring the personnel to perform their functions
4. Controlling – process of motivating actual organization activities to ensure to ove toward its
bjective

THE NATURE OF ORGANIZATION and MANAGEMENT

Organization and management is twin term that exist side by side with each other, each one
needs and supports the other. Organizations will be inert and useless if there is no management will be
hollow and meaningless if there’s no organization to manage.