ABSTRACT. The current article aims at reviewing the general mechanisms of painful
sensation, enlisting painful stimuli, common and special types of pain, and also the three
stages of pain occurrence. The emphasis is on pain modulation, by gate control, and also
by means of wind-up, temporal summation and central hyper-sensitization. A closer look at
the way pain is perceived by children and elderly, and men and women as well as makes
the object of the present paper, which includes new findings in the field.
Keywords: nociception, pain induction, perception, integration, gate control theory, first
and secondary pain, sensitization, psychological modulation, age- and sex-related
differences
*Correspondence: Daniela Motoc, “Vasile Goldiş” Western University Arad, Faculty of Medicine, Str. Feleacului nr. 1 Arad 310396
Romania, Phone 0040-257-256931, e-mail: medicina@uvvg.ro
Article received: September 2010; published: November 2010
Motoc D., Turtoi N.C., Vasca V., Vasca E., Schneider F.
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© 2010 Vasile Goldis University Press (www.jmedar.ro)
Physiology of pain – general mechanisms
and individual differences