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Design Review

Platforms (Steel Structure)


Check of basic Design Data

The first step of the basic design appraisal will be the reviewing of the following:
- Design theories, computer programs used by the designer
- Basic design parameters, e.g. drag, lift and inertia coefficients.

Foundations

GL will perform a review of the following:


- Soil reports (field report, laboratory investigations and engineering report will
be checked)
- Bathymetric investigations
- Route surveys.

The results of these site investigations will be reviewed and the consequences for
the foundation design will be assessed independently.

Environmental Data

The environmental conditions including their long term distribution used by the
design engineer, will be reviewed and compared with data independently derived
by GL.
- Wind, Waves, Current, Tides, Surges

A critical evaluation of these environmental data at the specific site locations has
to be performed with due regard to the following design aspects:
- Design wave heights to be used for deterministic or semi probable structure
design (e.g. 100 year wave height)
- Wave state to be used for the fatigue investigation
- Design wind, wave and current conditions during sea transports
- Limiting environmental conditions during installation phases.
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For an independent evaluation of environmental conditions GL use their own data


files and have access to data banks of "Deutsches Hydrographisches Institut
(DHI)" as well s of British Maritime Technology Ltd.

- Meteorological Data

The meteorological data, e.g. temperature, humidity will be reviewed. An


assessment will be specifically made with respect to the consequences for
material selection and corrosion protection.

- Design Loads

Environmental loads derived from the environmental conditions for the design life
of the platforms and other structures as well as all operational aspects will be
critically reviewed. This includes loads such as:
- Dead and life loads
- Hook load
- Impact loads on decks, helideck, boat landings and bumpers.

Anticipated fabrication and installation forces will be included in a preliminary way


at this stage.

Check of Design

During the detailed design check both:


- Global design (main scantlings) and
- Detail design (joints, welds, local framing etc.)

will be reviewed and approved. The major activities to perform this task will be as
follows:

Check Designer's Analyses

All designers' structure analyses will be checked with regard to computer


model, program, used boundary conditions, resultant overturning moments
and base shear.

Independent Structural Analysis

For an independent structural analysis integrated F.E. models of jacket and


topsides of all platforms will be set up. Foundation modelling will be based
on an independent assessment of the soil reports.
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Static In-Place Condition

For static analyses a series of critical load conditions will be compiled from
design parameters. Evaluation of the results (deflections, stresses, pile
loads, etc.) will be performed automatically with GL's offshore program
package. Additionally, however, all critical areas of the structures, e.g.
complex nodes, batter point, conductor framing, appurtenances, will be
assessed individually. The pile installation will be checked by independent
calculations in connection with load-out and installation.

Fatigue Behaviour

The fatigue life of the structures will be checked on the basis of a


deterministic approach on the assumption that most platforms are
dynamically insensitive. Parametric formula will be used to establish stress
concentration factors. Special attention will be given to vertical wave
loading particularly on the conductor guide framing. Experience has shown
this to be an important aspect of fatigue considerations in areas of short
crested waves as expected here.

For complex joints not covered by proven empirical methods detailed F.E.
models may be required.

Dynamic Behaviour

The integrated F.E. models will be used to check the dynamic behaviour of
the structure with regard to possible resonance with excitation due to wind,
waves, current or equipment (e.g. compressors).

Foundation Design

Based on the findings of the structural analysis the foundation design will
be reviewed and analysed.

• Pile foundation design

• Lateral and vertical bearing capacity

• Pile group effects

• Conductor group effects

• Mudmat design
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Structure Design of Topsides

The structural configuration of the topsides will be included in the


integrated analysis of decks and jackets.

Onshore Concrete and Civil Works

The onshore concrete and civil works, e.g.

• Sleepers

• Valve pits

• Road crossings

• Pipe racks

• Vent stacks

• Load Out Jettys

• Quay walls

will be checked independently with either hand calculations or computer


models.

Check of detailed Engineering

Further to the global engineering assessment detail design checks by hand


calculations and local F.E. models will be made.

Basically the following items will be checked within the work scope.
Additional items may have to be checked depending on the typical
characteristics of the structures.

Jacket

• Tubular joint details of the jacket

• Jacket to pile connection

• Jacket battery point

• Transition pieces

• Jacket appurtenances, e.g.

• Boatlanding

• Bumpers

• Walkways

• Anode supports
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• Flooding and grout lines

• Mudmat design

• Pile make-up

• Handling of subassemblies during fabrication

Topside Structures

• Local strength of deck beams and plating

• Foundations for heavier equipment

• Stairs and walkways

• Handrails/ladders

• Joint details

• Crane/crane pedestal and substructure

• Local strength of helideck

• Handling of subassemblies during fabrication

Drawing Approval

Based on the results of the global and detail design checks the structural
drawings (issued for approval) will be reviewed under specific
consideration of the following:

• Dimensional and geometric requirements

• Welding and material requirements

• Fabrication

• Inspectability and risk of in-service failure


• General requirements of sound engineering.

Static Analysis

GLO has a comprehensive in-house computer program library available for


use in the assessment of a wide scope of offshore design problems. The
basic methods used for the design appraisal of fixed offshore structures
are briefly outlined in the following:
The linear structural analysis of platforms is performed using the System of
Programs GLO -SAP based on the linear Finite Element Program SAP4 or
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ANSYS, also applicable for non-linear calculations, modified and extended


for the particular requirements of ship and offshore structures. The
program has been extensively tested and verified in comparison with
results from other programs as well as with experimental results.
Buoyancy and hydrodynamic loads are computed automatically by means
of a pre-processing program WAVEL using different wave theories
depending on the relevant conditions. Post-processing includes punching
shear checks, unity checks, as well as fatigue evaluations. Foundation
design is assisted by the GEUTECH.

Activity Methods

As a basic tool, an integrated finite element model is set up for the


calculation of stress distribution and deformations
Integrated 3 D-finite element model of structure and check module,
including appurtenances and helideck. Semi-automatic generation of the
geometry.

Load generation
Dead and live loads:
Distributed and discrete permanent and live loads according to actual
distributions taking account of correct centre of gravity.
Pre-processing data generation program

Wave loads
Calculation of modal forces to represent wave and buoyancy loads on
structure for design waves.
Automatic load generation program using different wave theories (e.g. airy,
stokes 5th order, stream-function, etc.)

Wind loads
Calculation of modal forces to represent wind loads on all exposed areas of
structure
Automatic load generation program accounting of actual shape, coefficient
mass distribution and translatory and rotatory acceleration components.

Soil structure inter-action


Modelling of actual support characteristics of piled or shallow foundations.
Piles that are part of the integrated calculation model are supported below
the mudline by springs with a stiffness determined stepwise from the non-
linear P-Y-curve for the actual base shear and moments.

Checking of input data for logical and physical errors


Checking program, GL-check, GL program GEOTECH
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Lifting Analysis

The launch/lift procedures will be reviewed and checked with respect to:
• Sequence of operations

• Mooring and anchor handling

• Weather limits

• Review of pile installation methods and grout best procedure

• Sequence of releasing sea fastening

• Ballasting sequence

• Strength of jackets

• Jacket upending and levelling

• Placing of jacket at correct site (e.g. positioning over wellhead)

• Unpiled jacket stability

• Lifting devices including design and strength of padeyes

• Contingency plans for the event of equipment breakdown.

Lifting of Topside Modules

This work section includes checking of the following main items:

• Level/survey

• Sequence of lifting operations

• Mooring and anchor handling

• Weather limits

• Sequence of releasing sea fastening

• Ballasting sequence

• Finalised weight and c.o.g. evaluation

• Strength of topsides modules during lift including dynamic effects

• Contingency plan for the event of equipment break down

• Procedure for placing topsides on jacket, levelling and


topside/jacket connections

• Welding procedure and NDT of topsides to jacket connection.


Lifting and setting of bridges will be treated in a similar way.
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Owners Representative
Our Owner's Representative Service provides supervision for the design,
construction and commissioning of seagoing vessels.
GLO 's engineers will act as inspector/engineer on behalf of the owner through all
stages - from concept design up to test & trials - of the project. It is our aim to
ensure that the new-building project is completed according to the specified level
of

ƒ quality
ƒ safety and
ƒ availability
By design reviews, inspection and testing our engineers will ensure that the
construction complies with the owner's specification and applicable international
codes and standards.

Our scope of services comprises:

ƒ Consultancy on preparation of specifications and shipbuilding contracts


ƒ Evaluation of shipyards and suppliers/vendors
ƒ Review of drawings, design/production documents
ƒ On-site survey

Your advantages when using GLO:

ƒ Experienced and qualified project team


ƒ Project engineers/surveyors have several years of experience in the
relevant industry
ƒ Project engineers have at least a BSc degree or higher
ƒ Project team is provided with full support from the technical departments
in-house
ƒ Project team establishes a Quality Plan/Check Lists for the project
handling
ƒ GLO establishes a Quality Plan and associated "Guidance Notes"
ƒ requirements for Vendors
ƒ requirements for fabrication yards

By using GLO you will receive a high quality standard for your installation,
Remuneration either on daily or monthly basis
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Transportation
A tow-out release certificate will be issued after inspection by GL Surveyors of all
loaded components and their sea fastenings and approval of transportation
documentation with respect to:

ƒ sea-fastening
ƒ strength analysis for structure and vessel during transport
ƒ Weather limitations
ƒ Details of obstacles and water depths along the route from the load-out site
to open water, including tidal information
ƒ Contingency plans in the event of equipment breakdown, mooring line
failure, etc.
ƒ Review of certificates for vessels, equipment (strings, shackles, cranes
etc.)

Warranty Survey
Germanischer Lloyd has been performing a wide range of services in this field for
a long time, covering surveys limited to certain aspects of the vessel or the object
to be transported, as well as transports comprising the whole tow, including the
towing gear and the tug and advice during the voyage.

Scope of examinations, tests and surveys:

ƒ Investigation of suitability of the floating transport vessel. To this effect a


condition survey of the vessel, examination of drawings for adequate
strength and seaworthiness and subsequent surveillance of any structural
measures to be taken will be required.
ƒ Assessment of possible interaction of vessel and cargo/structure to be
transported (essential also for sea towage). This also includes the
assessment for adequate trim.
ƒ Surveillance of entire loading (unloading) process in all phases of motion
with subsequent checking of the structure for any deformations having
occurred, generated e.g. by jacking, skidding and/or lifting.
ƒ Assessment of envisaged loading method from the construction site via
transport way onto the pontoon. This also includes devices for lifting,
jacking and pulling, including pad-eyes.
ƒ Approval of drawings and calculations with regard to sea fastening and
seaworthiness, including strength analysis for structure and vessel during
transport.
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ƒ Determination of transportation/towing conditions and requirements in the


form of a Certificate of Conveyance or Certificate of Transportation/Fitness
to be Towed, containing inter alia:
o Weather limitations
o Requirements for closing appliances
o Freeboard and stability
o Towage equipment required
o Emergency and control measures
ƒ Check for suitability of the tug(s) and towing gear, condition survey and
check of validity of certificates with regard to the performance of the
required periodical inspections/surveys.
ƒ Examination of route planning and mooring plans.

Germanischer Lloyd has in the past e.g. been frequently recommended warranty
surveys of marine operations by:

ƒ Münchener Rückversicherungsgesellschaft (Munich Re)


ƒ Allianz Versicherungs-AG
ƒ Gerling Konzern
ƒ Riunione Adriatica de Sicurita (R.A.S., Milan/Italy).
ƒ Winterthur Versicherungen, Munich.

A marine warranty survey consists of the verification of requirements laid down by


the insurer in the scope of work defined by the insurer in a warranty clause.

The scope of activities for a marine warranty survey comprises:

ƒ Document review and verification of plans, drawings, design/strength


calculations, certificates, installation and operational manuals/procedures,
risk analysis, environmental reports, test programmes, simulations etc.
ƒ Site survey during construction, commissioning and de-commissioning
ƒ Vessel and equipment surveys
ƒ Survey of marine operations

ƒ Typical marine operations relevant for this guideline are:


ƒ Load out and float out
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ƒ Towing and sea transportation


ƒ Lifting and lift off
ƒ Offshore installation (launching, upending, mating, piling, grouting,
positioning, setting and levelling)
ƒ Transit operations
ƒ Subsea operations

Contact:
Mr. Ulrich Hachmann
Structure and Offshore Installations
Phone: +49 (0)40 36149 267
Fax: +49 (0)40 36149 1706
Email: ulrich.hachmann@gl-group.com

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