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HUMANISM IN SLXTEENTH-AND SEVENTEENTH
CENTURY LIBRARIES OF NEW SPAIN
BY
W. Michael Mathes*
412
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BY W MICHAEL MATHES 413
Nevertheless, for as much as the king and his Flemish court advanced
Humanism in Spain, his election as Holy Roman Emperor made it sub
ject to criticism and dangerous disrepute. The trans-Pyrenees nature of
the crown brought Spain into central European poUtics, and the revolu
tionary propositions of Martin Luther posted at Wittenberg in 1517
alerted the Holy Office to questionable and marginaUy unorthodox
views, including any form of criticism of the Church and its clergy. IUu
minists (alumbrados), a group of Spanish mystics, by 1524 were gener
ally found guUty of the former, and Erasmists, frequently involved in the
latter, by 1527 were often inteUectuaUy associated, and thus soon found
themselves equated to heretical Lutherans in the newly expanded view
of the Inquisition. By 1529, Erasmists were subject to fuU prosecution
by the Holy Office, a condition present throughout the century, varying
only by degrees according to the sentiments of the tribunal.3
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414 HUMANISM IN SLXTEENTH- AND SEVENTEENTH-CENTURY UBRARIES OF NEW SPAIN
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Title page: Desiderius Erasmus, De duplici copia verborum ac rerum commentarii duo
(Lyon: Seb. Gryphius, 1550). Handwritten annotations: after "autore":"damnato" ("a con
demned author"); below: "1 peso costo y bale mas pesos" ("cost one peso and worth
more"); lower right: "Corregido conforme al expurgatorio del a?o de 1747 con licencia
del S [an] to Oficio. 6 de Ag[os]to. IHS. Jos? Rafael de O. del." ("Corrected in conformity
with the expurgatory [index] of the year 1747 with license of the Holy Office. August 6.
IHS. Jos? Rafael de O., delegate"); bottom: "Opera omnia Erasmi caute legenda [;] multa
enim insunt corre." ("All the works of Erasmus are to be read with caution, for there are in
them many things to be corrected [?]"). From the library of the Jesuit College of Tepot
zotl?n.
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BY W. MICHAEL MATHES 415
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416 HUMANISM IN SLXTEENTH- AND SEVENTEENTH-CENTURY LIBRARIES OF NEW SPAIN
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BY W MICHAEL MATHES 417
PriiF^I?P?'CU
SL ASM VM
,... JAMVM COL
| |frO;K'V M lai
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418 HUMANISM IN SLXTEENTH- AND SEVENTEENTH-CENTURY LIBRARIES OF NEW SPAIN
6). M. De Bujanda (ed.), Index de llnquisition Espagnole 1551, ?554, ?559, ?ndex de
llnquisition Espagnole ?583, ?584 (Sherbrooke, 1984, 1993); Mathes, Santa Cruz de
Tlatelolco, pp. 14,17,25,27; Bataillon, op. cit., pp. 715-724.
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BY W. MICHAEL MATHES 419
Title page: Justus l?psius, Epistolar um centuriae duae (Leiden: The Plantinian Workshop:
Franciscus Raphelengius, 1591). Handwritten annotations:"del Padre M[inist]ro de Medi
ano. Corregido conforme al indice de 1612. ("Corrected in conformity with the index of
1612"). Pedro de Hortigosa. Y seg?n el Expurgatorio] novissimo de 1707 a?o ("And ac
cording to the Expurgatory [Index] of the year 1707"). Man[uel] P?rez." From an uniden
tified Mexican conventual library.
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xnm4~ It. LlP?t L tiTI csIT
. ^to? ?edio pcmr implij nc O po ", piteO!now h
~ ~2 ltqua, in yqui; To nst : m2r wobis frcim ite
sst ;IabhbCjtzae lnqcw quim hic ao Helicon Scd
0 1fcrrmui: & qowica p cepmin.usWtci iChm iho T. ldJk6bd mer mihi lbb
am (/~ |Ituls. De VciaM'oc in mtans iam limp& . I & 6a C:r ilk nootm u L^enilou
? s errm I ncra in f rccund libn: rcic& itcrmm darwoa u.w pw dequtiBs amb& " fatfin.i
t o vidcwinc pocm. Cawtbi Ii mcid iradt ri Ml jwi eraceri: hi colpsm;nr
a mohi rubhoc tcmpom & folerns. A ScalitSo o e, Omaiminwt mih<mbrilkd-
t;9^ t~prlinrw. cdii De EmenJiudwoomp0imul, mruom ido, pvteaill.i u*
a?= '~ opromitsdi brci eRmpL . Vde ci wimo.cam
anima mt., &cim lis qt ezi fid vtcftocarwt Hf icc fkmper mol libesu,
fialtdc: quid mcn.- do ber^,i
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|.xx?. L xl I, Ctpet twntbidiores iqou cmitit
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; Wdi*AMNw'ls Ples ifia
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L npcr obamnsbu r?rmonibom, one epidis ib rpondo, n fore IcNH
hoa Iats Qid .n?J 2 aliqoo_ thebfarous m Nurn. Comrnam & nr per hodi
hi cdo rian mecondit citra. iquid in hocg-. Bamem. dirm. & faci behad fep
^nerear nerTe ti bi wiemor, magis caf Ju riea naur P?.u M qaqist Chdams oe rum. r
D ~ efdtqiam ah se. at urn aqudquid tUd eft quod igna cognoui am tn hoc rns no
(quor,q*Wd Jeheoan0 vtau cclbimtr. & proisi i . 4 IgK0Ip3r 1 f t;? , 4
cpilBo3 przcpl s apernam, ad qp_ Wlbm mem cui 'rfip mv quim A
fingo& cPnforo. Tu MimInali, pi# ooi tlis ad cmtat ort s rcf & i
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lOl t. llfSl IPIST,
amip?inoFigulo:qaidqucnm?r# fifing?no,
&re?n^Hsrc[ib4#&pttremtbidr o:q&ja:?p.
fe *?lde inccr ?mbedlles. Fcbrit quidem nupcta
vis ?taro mihi reU$iit:& cam iptam^vaner fytm
omocta roedicorarn. Baiik&ro meiai p?sew&
o tib?, gaodeo : nbem co nomine pta&?dtgiura? I?
o*
Gallos Dond^rA.,*^;&r fiot dolco wilszisim
r^r?ir?c4ai,notuiol?fMcdp4.Vcq?K?cniin
defidet &r eondattrr, mrtcr +?fk*m& patencia
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mit* fed vaid?eMl. fi bit j?ereonrrboi, f'pctas r?l?e ?ewp
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& t?C n?nf^^f?>i|?qnaybco>te?canwi, p (vtfntm BHaf 1} Ge
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422 HUMANISM IN SIXTEENTH- AND SEVENTEENTH-CENTURY LIBRARIES OF NEW SPAIN
In spite of restriction the book trade with New Spain enabled the
growth of libraries, private and conventual, all of which incorporated ti
tles by humanist authors, editors, and printers. Inquisition documenta
tion recorded the sale of 130 titles, including works by Azpilcueta, Fero,
and Nebrija by Alonso Losa to Pedro Garcia on July 21,1576, and on De
cember 22 of the same year, Losa ordered 282 titles in 1,190 volumes,
including works by Estela, Fero, Luis de Granada, Nebrija, Julius Caesar,
and Caius Crispus Sallust,from Diego de Mex?a in Seville. Nevertheless,
Indice Ultimo de los Libros Prohibidos y mandados Expurgar: para todos los
Reynos y Se?or?os del Cat?lico Rey de las Espa?as, El Se?or Don Carlos ?V (Madrid:
Don Antonio de Sancha, 1790); Suplemento al ?ndice Expurgatorio del A?o de ?790
(Madrid: Imprenta Real, 1805), author cited, ?tinerarium Beniamini Tudelensis (An
twerp: Chistophe Plantin, 1575), edited by Arias Montano, was condmened in the ?ndex of
1584, notwithstanding the favor enjoyed by the editor in the court of Philip II.
8Mathes, Santa Cruz de Tlatelolco, p. 28; Concilio III Provincial Mexicano, celebrado
en M?xico en a?o de 1585 (Mexico City, 1859), pp. 21-23
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BY W MICHAEL MATHES 423
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424 HUMANISM IN SIXTEENTH- AND SEVENTEENTH-CENTURY LIBRARIES OF NEW SPAIN
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BY W. MICHAEL MATHES 425
Outside of the City of Mexico, the Convento de Toluca held 378 vol
umes including titles by Aesop (5), Aristotle, Marcus Porcius Cato, Ci
cero (18), Cayo Crispus, Erasmus, Ovid, Plato, Sallust, Terence (7), Valla
(7), and Virgil (6); and that of Texcoco with 246 titles incorporating
works of Arias Montano, Erasmus, Cicero, Nebrija, Ovid, Plato, C. Pliny
Secundus, Quintilian, Valerius Maximus, Valla, and Vives.15 The capital of
Nueva Galicia, Guadalajara, the center for the nortwesterly expansion of
New Spain, in the 878-volume library of the Convento de San Francisco,
inventoried by order of Fray Juan Zurita on January 28,1610, held 479
titles including Aesop, Aristotle, Azpilcueta (15), Calepinus, Cicero (2),
Curtius, Dionysius of Alexandria, Erasmus, Estela (3), Fero (6), Homer,
Lansberg (3), Marcus Annaeus Lucan, Luis de Granada (4), Ambrosius
Aurelius Theodosius Macrobius, Marcus Aurelius (Guevara), Nebrija (2),
Ovid, Pliny, Quintilian, Saint John Chrysostom (2), Sallust, Seneca, Tauler
(2), Terence, Valerius Maximus, Valla, Virgil, and Vives.16
l4Mathes, Santa Cruz de Tlatelolco, pp. 47-69,82; Julio Alfonso P?rez Luna, Cat?logo
de la Biblioteca del Convento Grande de San Francisco de la Ciudad de M?xico (?)
(Mexico City, 1988); Salvia Carmen Segura Mart?nez, Cat?logo de la Biblioteca del Con
vento Grande de San Francisco de la Ciudad de M?xico (H) (HI) (Mexico City, 1991).
,5G?mez Ca?edo, op. cit., pp. 411-413
l6Miguel Mathes, Un Centro Cultural Novogalaico:La Biblioteca del Convento de San
Francisco de Guadalajara, en ?6?0 (Guadalajara, 1986).
37Salvia Carmen Segura Mart?nez; Alejando Flores B., Cat?logo de la Biblioteca del
Colegio de San Pedro y San Pablo de M?xico (?) (Mexico City, 1992).
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426 HUMANISM IN SIXTEENTH- AND SEVENTEENTH-CENTURY LIBRARIES OF NEW SPAIN
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BY W. MICHAEL MATHES 427
Aesop 6 1
Arias Montano 2 ?
Aristotle 14 1
Azpilcueta 26 1
Julius Caesar 1 3
Calepinus 1 ?
Cato 1 1
Crispus 1 ?
Curtius 1 1
Cicero 22 5
Clichtove 2 2
Dionysius of Alexandria 1 ?
Eck 1 ?
Erasmus 11
Estela 3 2
Fero 8 3
Ficino 1 ?
Homer 1 1
Juvenal 1 ?
Lansberg 4 ?
Lipsius 1 ?
Livy ? 1
Lucan 1 ?
Luis de Granada 6 1
Macrobius 1 ?
Manuzio 3 2
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428 HUMANISM IN SIXTEENTH- AND SEVENTEENTH-CENTURY LIBRARIES OF NEW SPAIN
Marcus Aurelius 2 ?
Mexia 1 ?
More ? 2
Nebrija 7 5
Ovid 3 4
Pedro Martyr ? 1
Petrarch ? 3
Pico della Mir?ndola 2 ?
Plato 4 ?
Pliny 2 ?
Plutarch 3 ?
Prudentius 1 ?
Quintilian 4 ?
St. Cryprian 1 ?
St. John Chrysostom 4 1
Sallust 3 3
Seneca 3 1
Suetonius ? ?
Suidas 1 ?
Tauler 2 ?
Terence 2 2
Valerius Maximus 2 ?
Valla 10 ?
Vergil 7 2
Vitruvius 1 ?
Vives 7 ?
Aesop. Aesopi Phrygis Fabulae Graece et Latine. Venice: Ioannem Farreum &
Fratres, 1542; Basel: Ioannes Heruagius, 1544.
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BY W. MICHAEL MATHES 429
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430 HUMANISM IN SIXTEENTH- AND SEVENTEENTH-CENTURY LIBRARIES OF NEW SPAIN
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BY W. MICHAEL MATHES 431
Estela, Diego de. In sanctum Iesu Christi Evangelium secundum Lucam. Lyon:
Ioannes Jacobus lunta, 1583
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432 HUMANISM IN SIXTEENTH- AND SEVENTEENTH-CENTURY LIBRARIES OF NEW SPAIN
More, Thomas. De ?ptimo Reip. statu deque nova ?nsula Utopia... Epigram
mata Des Erasmi Roterdami. Basel: Ioannes Frobenius, 1518.
Nebrija, Elio Antonio. Relectio nona de accento latino. Seville: Antonio Formas
Castigante, 1513; Salamanca, 1513
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BY W. MICHAEL MATHES 433
Ovid Naso, Publius. Metamorphoseon Pvb. Ovidii Nasonis libri XV. Venice,
1549;Venice: I. Gryphius, 1574; Leipzig: Ioannes Steinman, 1582.
-. Los qvinze libros de los Metamorphoseos. Salamanca: Juan Perier, 1580.
Petrarca, Francesco. Opera que extant omnia. Basel: Henrichus Petri, 1554.
Plato. Omnia divini Platonis opera traslatione Marsilii Ficini. Basel: Officina
Frobeniana, 1532,1546.
-. Platonis axiochus avt de morte loachino Perionio Benedictino Cor
moeriaceno interprete. Paris: Ioannes Lodoicus Tiletanus, 1542.
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434 HUMANISM IN SIXTEENTH- AND SEVENTEENTH-CENTURY LIBRARIES OF NEW SPAIN
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BY W. MICHAEL MATHES 435
Valla, Lorenzo. De linguae latinae elegantia libri sex. Paris: Simon Colinaeus,
1529; Basel: Henricus Petrus, 1543; Cologne: M. Gymnicus, 1546.
Virgil Maro, Publius. Los doze libros de la Eneida de Vergilio. Antwerp: Gerardo
Smits, 1557.
Vives, Juan Luis. Ioannis Lodovici Vivis Valentini Declamationes sex. Basel: Of
ficina Roberti Winter, 1588.
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