1016 PT HSUPA Concepts RF Measurem

An Introduction to HSUPA Concepts
and RF Measurements
HSUPA Concepts & RF Measurements

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Agenda
HSUPA Overview
Key HSUPA Concepts
Testing HSUPA Devices
– New / Important 3GPP TS34.121 Tests
– Functional Test
Summary

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HSUPA Market Influence
“HSPA is as fast as 1xEV-DO”
• 15 Mbps forward / 6 Mbps reverse 1xEV-DO Release B
• 14 Mbps downlink / 5.74 Mbps uplink HSPA

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What is HSUPA? Why important?
Three terms for the same thing:

• HSUPA = High Speed Uplink Packet Access (market standard)
• E-DCH = Enhanced Dedicated Channel (3GPP standards documents)
• EUL = Enhanced Uplink
HSPA = HSDPA + HSUPA
• Although can be used separately, will be used together for many applications
such as VOIP or mobile gaming
Purpose of HSUPA is to:
• Increase UL throughput (data rates)
• Increase network capacity
• Reduce delays to improve performance of applications (like mobile gaming, 2-
way VOIP)

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HSUPA Overview
Key features and changes
• Allows uplink packet data to 5.74Mbps
– 384 kbps is current practical limit with Rel 99
• Hybrid ARQ similar to HSDPA, except UE sends, node B ACKs/NACKs
• Node B provides fast scheduling, dynamically allocating power among UEs
• New optional 2ms TTI (transmission time interval)
– 10 ms TTI allows only 2 Mbps UL Architecture
• 5 new physical channels IP / TCP / etc.
Downlink
Uplink
– 2 UL, 3 DL PDCP
RLC
• 1 new UL transport channel
MAC-d
• Not a shared data channel MAC
as in HSDPA MAC-es
MAC-e
E-DCH
L1
E-AGCH E-RGCH E-HICH E-DPDCH E-DPDCH E-DPCCH

Absolute & Relative Ack/Nack Data Control
grants

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Agenda
HSUPA Overview
Key HSUPA Concepts
– Functional Test
Summary

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Uplink Channels
Transport channel: E-DCH

(Enhanced Dedicated Channel)
transport
• Carries 1 block of data each TTI: UE to Node
B
Physical channels: physical
(Enhanced Dedicated Physical Data Channel)
(Enhanced Dedicated Physical Control Channel)
• Channels are IQ multiplexed

– E-DPCCH on I
– E-DPDCH mapping varies
• E-DPCCH (carries control info to allow
decode E-DPDCH
– E-TFCI, RSN (Retransmission Sequence
Number) and Happy Bit
• E-DPDCH (carries user data)
– Variable SF and quantity - 1*SF256 up to 2*SF2
+ 2*SF4

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Downlink Physical Channels
E-HICH (Enhanced HARQ Indicator Channel)

• Transmits ACKs/NACKs: Node B to UE
– similar to HSDPA UL HS-DPCCH, except no
CQI
• Response occurs a fixed time after E-DPDCH
transmission
• Shares same code as E-RGCH
E-AGCH (Enhanced Absolute Grant Channel)
Provides absolute limit of max resources UE can
use max E-DPDCH/DPCCH ratio
• Shared channel CRC masked by UE ID
E-RGCH (Enhanced Relative Grant Channel)
Moves Serving Grant up/down/hold
• Shares same code as E-HICH

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HARQ
Hybrid Automatic Repeat reQuest
HSUPA has HARQ processes just like HSDPA, but in opposite
direction - UE sends, Node B ACKs/NACKs
4 HARQ processes for 10 ms TTI, 8 for 2 ms TTI
Stop/wait operation - fixed round trip time (40 ms or 16 ms)
Receiver: Node B
Transmitter: UE

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to MAC-d to MAC-d
MAC-e/es (network)
MAC-es
Reordering
Reordering
Combining
MAC-es (RNC)
Queue
• Reordering queue
• Macro diversity selection
MAC-d flow MAC-d flow
MAC-e (Node-B) MAC-e De-multiplexer

• Scheduler
• De-multiplexer
Scheduling HARQ HARQ HARQ
• HARQ processes process process process
/control
E-R/AGCH E-HICH E-DCH

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MAC-es/e (UE)
Single sub-layer
E-TFC (transport format combination) selection from MAC-d from MAC-d
Multiplexing
MAC-e/es
HARQ Processes
Multiplexer
E-TFC
selection
HARQ HARQ HARQ

process process process
E-R/AGCH E-HICH E-DCH

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Power Control
Used by UE to calculate Serving Grant
HSUPA does not change the fundamental way in which UE power

control is managed in WCDMA
• Node B still tries to balance the received power of the DPCCH from each UE in
the cell to be roughly the same
HSUPA allows for some UEs to
transmit at higher data rates than
others (and thus higher power levels)
• HSUPA changes relative differences
between power on transmitting E-
DPDCHs and power of the DPCCH
• Allows total power transmitted to remain
same, while power on E-DPDCHs is
increased to provide higher HSUPA data
rates
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Serving Grant
UE Scheduling:
Node B regulates how much data the UE can send Node B resources
UE maintains Serving Grant calculation - granted first by Absolute Grant,

changed by Relative Grants
• Updated each TTI
Serving Grant controls the max power the UE can use to transmit data on E-
DPDCH(s)
• Determines max data rate – E-TFC tables give power needed for rates
UE chooses E-TFC each TTI (based on available data to send and available
power it is capable of transmitting). It can choose less than the Serving Grant
allows.
UE Reporting:
UE provides feedback to node B each TTI Happy Bit
• Unhappy: UE cannot empty buffer in “n” ms, using all of Serving Grant, could TX at
higher power otherwise Happy
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HSUPA UE Categories
UE categories define the

basic capabilities of the
device
TS25.306 Table 5.1a
TS25.306 Table 5.1g
Yellow highlight
indicates categories
introduced first

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HSUPA RB Test Mode
HSPA loopback – Need to loop back HSDPA DL data onto the

HSUPA UL for RF testing
HSDPA data rates must be chosen carefully
• Need enough HSDPA DL data so that HSUPA UL will transmit when required
(no unexpected DTXs)
• But, not so much data that the UE buffer overflows excessively
HSDPA and HSUPA are not symmetrical services
• DL and UL data rates do not match
(HSDPA data rates, block sizes and PDUs
are not equal to those used on the UL for
HSUPA)
• Usual situation is to send enough data on
DL to keep the UL continually transmitting
in order to make RF measurements
• UE will discard some of the DL data as
defined in 3GPP TS 34.109

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Agenda
HSUPA Overview
Key HSUPA Concepts
– Functional Test
Summary

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Why Test HSUPA?

New uplink channels E-DPCCH and E-DPDCH
Power Variations
• Larger crest factor than HSDPA
• Code channel relative power differences very large (up to 45 dB)
• Large power changes at TTI boundaries – i.e., HSUPA on/off (up to 27 dB)
Uplink configuration very dynamic. Each TTI, the following can change:
• Number of E-DPDCH(s) transmitted
• Spread factor of E-DPDCH(s)
• Power of E-DPDCH(s)
These changes adversely affect modulator performance and transmitter
distortion more out-of-channel interference and poorer modulation quality
• Examine modulation accuracy at code level vs. composite signal to ensure code channels are
modulated correctly [5.2D and 5.13.2B]
• Check for out-of-channel interference due to increased spectral splatter [5.9B and 5.10B]
• Ensure max power is reached but not exceeded to ensure adequate coverage without interfering
with other channels or systems [5.2B]
• Look at phase discontinuities due to large changes in total power [3GPP test coming]
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3GPP TS34.121 Evolution
Test Rel 99 HSDPA HSUPA
Max Power 5.2 5.2A 5.2AA 5.2B
RCDPA 5.2C 5.2D
HS-DPCCH 5.7A
SEM 5.9 5.9A 5.9B
ACLR 5.10 5.10A 5.10B
EVM/Phase Disc 5.13.1, 5.13.3 5.13.1A 5.13.1AA Coming soon
Code Domain 5.13.2 5.13.2A 5.13.2B
Max Input Level 6.3 6.3A N/A
Green shading indicates areas where testing may be streamlined – e.g. don’t need to
test both 5.2 and 5.2B, just 5.2B is sufficient

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Overview
RF Power, Beta Values, UE Setup for Sub-Tests
HSDPA standards include table of sub-tests used to define specific conditions for RF tests
HSUPA has a similar table: 3GPP TS 34.121 Table C.11.1.3 that defines:
• Beta values, spreading factors, number of E-DPDCHs, absolute grant indices, E-TFCI values
• CM (cubic metric) and MPR (maximum power reduction)
• Sub-tests to cover various total power and code channel power conditions important to test
For calculation of RF power, important value is gain factor, A (defined relative to βc)
• Ahs = βhs / βc, Aec = βec / βc, Aed = βed / βc
• Also called quantized amplitude ratios in 3GPP TS 25.213
• Linear power is just the gain factor, A, squared
Total power in dB is 10 times the log10 of the sum of linear powers of each active channel
Setting up UE to match HSUPA sub-test

Sub-Test βc βd βhs Ahs βec Aec βed Aed
conditions in Table C.11.1.3 is not easy
1 11/15 15/15 22/15 30/15 209/225 19/15 1309/225 119/15 • βc, βd can be set directly
2 6/15 15/15 12/15 30/15 12/15 30/15 94/75 47/15 • βec set with signaled values found in 3GPP TS
1: 47/15 1: 47/15 25.213 Table 1B (also called E-DPCCH/ DPCCH
3 15/15 9/15 30/15 30/15 30/15 30/15 power offset)
2: 47/15 2: 47/15
4 2/15 15/15 4/15 30/15 2/15 15/15 56/75 84/15 • βhs set using ΔACK, ΔNACK, ΔCQI signaled
5 15/15 15/15 30/15 30/15 24/15 24/15 134/15 134/15
values as found in 3GPP TS 25.213 Table 1A (all
are assumed to be 30/15 for all sub-tests)
• βed cannot be set directly!
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3GPP TS 34.121 Sub-Tests
HSDPA
HSUPA

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RF Powers for HSUPA Sub-Tests
Total
Sub-Test Units DPCCH DPDCH HS-DPCCH E-DPCCH E-DPDCH1 E-DPDCH2
Power
1 dBm -2.7 0 3.3 -0.7 15.3 OFF 15.8
Large E-DPDCH, other
code CH avg dB -18.5 -15.8 -12.5 -16.5 -0.5 OFF 0
2 dBm -8.0 0 -1.9 -1.9 2.0 OFF 6.0

All code CH small
relative level change dB -14.0 -6.0 -8.0 -8.0 -4.1 OFF 0
dBm 0 -4.4 6.0 6.0 9.9 9.9 14.6

3
Multiple E-DPDCHs
dB -14.6 -19.1 -8.6 -8.6 -4.7 -4.7 0
4 dBm -17.5 0 -11.5 -17.5 -2.5 OFF 2.2

Min CCH, min total
power, max DCH dB -19.7 -2.2 -13.7 -19.7 -4.7 OFF 0
5 dBm 0 0 6.0 4.1 19.0 OFF 19.5

Max total power, max E-
DPDCH dB -19.5 -19.5 -13.5 -15.4 -0.4 OFF 0

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Maximum Power
Maximum Output Power with HS-DPCCH and E-DCH - 3GPP TS 34.121 section 5.2B
“The maximum output power with HS-DPCCH and

E-DCH is a measure of the maximum power the
UE can transmit when HS-DPCCH and E-DCH are
fully or partially transmitted during a DPCCH
timeslot. The measurement period shall be at least
one timeslot.”
Importance: battery life, heat, radiated power,
interference, checks for power control algorithm
errors
Measurement specified for all E-DCH Sub-Tests in
Table C.11.1.3
5.2A/5.2AA (HSDPA Max Power) has 1 worse test

case than 5.2B (sub-test 4)

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Achieving Maximum Power with HSUPA
• Maximum power can’t be set by just sending all up bits like in Rel 99/HSDPA
• Currently defined procedure shown above takes ~6 seconds!! VERY LONG
• Will likely change in future 3GPP standards revisions to make simpler/faster
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Relative Code Domain Power Accuracy
UE Relative Code Domain Power Accuracy - 3GPP TS 34.121 section 5.2D (HSUPA)
“The UE Relative code domain power accuracy is a

measure of the ability of the UE to correctly set the
level of individual code powers relative to the total
power of all active codes.”
Relative Code Domain Power Accuracy is
• Independent of variations in the actual total HSDPA test signal with four
HSUPA test signal with
measurement points and
power of the signal 12 ms repeating pattern three measurement points
and 20 ms repeating
• Independent of noise in the signal that falls on pattern
inactive codes
Importance: more code channels in uplink now with
HSUPA, must check that UE is properly distributing
power among them
Performed at max power
20 ms repeating pattern with 10 ms TTI (supported
by all UEs), measured over 1 full slot
Measurement specified for E-DCH Sub-Tests 1-4 in
Table C.11.1.3
Time-intensive and detailed test not likely to be
done in manufacturing
Still need 5.2C (HSDPA version of the test), setups
are quite different
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Code Domain Error

Relative Code Domain Error with HS-DPCCH and E-DCH - TS 34.121 section 5.13.2B
Ratio of the mean power of the projection of
the error vector onto that code channel to the
mean power of the same code channel in the
composite reference waveform
Measures UE EVM with many code channels
• Composite EVM including the EVM of all
active codes, is no longer the best
measure with so many code channels
• Instead, look at the code domain error of
each active code
• Very similar to RCDPA, but here we are
measuring the code domain error including
phase and amplitude, not just relative
power levels
Importance: checks phase errors & coding
errors
Performed at max power and at -18 dBm total
power
Measurement specified for all E-DCH Sub-
Tests in Table C.11.1.3
Likely to be performed in mfg

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HS-DPCCH (High-Speed Dedicated Physical Control Channel)
HS-DPCCH Power Control - 3GPP TS 34.121 section 5.7A
Looks at relative power changes

for total output power
Importance:
Not replaced by 5.2C RCDPA
•Still need this (HSDPA) test to
ensure UE responds properly to
power control during HSDPA
operation

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Error Vector Magnitude (EVM) and

Phase Discontinuity
5.13.1AA for now for HSDPA, but HSUPA Phase Discontinuity should
be coming soon…
EVM </= 17.5%

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Spectrum Emission Mask
Spectrum Emission Mask with E-DCH - TS 34.121 section 5.9B
Table 5.9B.1: Spectrum Emission Mask Requirement
∆f in MHz Minimum requirement (Note 2) Additional Measurement
(Note 1) requirements Band bandwidth
“To verify that the power of UE emission does Relative requirement
Absolute
requirement
II, IV, V, X (Note 3) (Note 6)
not exceed the prescribed limits even in the 2.5 to 3.5

  ∆f
 − 35 − 15 ⋅ 

− 2 .5   dBc -71.1 dBm -15 dBm
30 kHz
(Note 4)
  MHz 
presence of the E-DCH.”   ∆f  1 MHz
3.5 to 7.5  − 35 − 1 ⋅  − 3 . 5   dBc -55.8 dBm -13 dBm
Measurement of spectral emissions at 2.5 to   MHz  (Note 5)
  ∆f 
12.5 MHz offsets from carrier frequency 7.5 to 8.5  − 39 − 10 ⋅  − 7.5   dBc -55.8 dBm -13 dBm
1 MHz
(Note 5)
  MHz 
• Performed at UE maximum output power 8.5 to 12.5 MHz -49 dBc -55.8 dBm -13 dBm
1 MHz
(Note 5)
• Measurement specified for all E-DCH Sub-

Tests in Table C.11.1.3
Importance: Potentially more important for E-
DCH than W-CDMA due to:
• Large instantaneous power changes
possible with E-DCH
• Larger crest factor
– Can generate spectral splatter
Need to ensure UE is not interfering in other
channels
Likely to be performed in mfg

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Adjacent Channel Leakage Power Ratio (ACLR) ACLR with

E-DCH - TS 34.121 section 5.10B
“To verify UE ACLR does not exceed

prescribed limits for all specified values of Bc,
Bd, Bhs, Bec, and Bed”
Measurement of adjacent channel spectrum at
5 and 10 MHz offsets from carrier frequency
• Performed at UE maximum output power
Importance: Potentially more important for E-
DCH than W-CDMA due to:
• Large instantaneous power changes
possible with E-DCH
• Larger crest factor
– Can generate spectral splatter
Need to ensure UE is not interfering in other Table 5.10B.2: UE ACLR
channels
Power Class UE channel ACLR limit
Likely to be performed in mfg 3 +5 MHz or −5 MHz 32.2 dB
3 +10 MHz or −10 MHz 42.2 dB
4 +5 MHz or −5 MHz 32.2 dB
4 +10 MHz or −10 MHz 42.2 dB

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3GPP TS34.121 Section 10
HSUPA Performance Tests

Only check the ability of the UE to decode the new downlink physical channels.
Nothing yet defined to determine if the UE can actually sustain high data throughput
in the uplink.
10.2 Detection of E-HICH

10.3 Detection of E-RGCH
10.4 Demodulation of E-AGCH
Similar to section 9 HSDPA tests except that section 10 (being focused on data
throughput) is statistics-based, i.e. test limits are based on the probability of
success rather than discrete measurement result.

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Functional Test – Soft Handover Operation
Most common place for errors to occur is during handovers

Test application performance during soft handover (SHO) to ensure
UE correctly:
• Soft-combines
E-HICHs
• Responds to
ACK/NACKs
• Responds to
E-RGCH commands

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Functional Test – Data Throughput
• Stress test devices at data

rates beyond that
expected on a network,
ensuring deployment of
high-quality devices
• Test high-rate data
throughput while
simulating RF impairments
to promote network
operator confidence in
device and application
operation
• Prove or demonstrate
device and application
performance under high-
speed data rate operation
to gain early competitive
advantage in the
marketplace

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Functional Test – Testing Different Layers

Step 1 – Validate RF and MAC Step 2 – Validate RLC, Driver, and IP
• RB Test Mode call • PS data call
• “User Defined Channel” • “UDP Flood”
– Flexible parameters – Defined data rate
– Real-time changes – Confidence in UE
Step 3 – Validate Video Streaming Step 4 – Validate TCP and System

• PS data call • PS data call
• “Darwin Server” • “ftp”
– First real app – TCP is ‘busy’
– Medium µP load – Fills UL WCDMA
– System stress

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Agenda
HSUPA Overview
Key HSUPA Concepts
– Functional Test
Summary

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Summary
• HSUPA’s commercial roll-out is just starting

• Its main benefit – higher data rates – is largely driven by competing
technologies like 1xEV-DO Release B
• HSUPA features make system more complex yet
• Designing and testing HSUPA devices is challenging as a result
• Agilent has variety of test equipment for HSUPA design and test
• Signal analyzers
• Signal generators
• One box testers / call-processing
• Software for automation and simulation

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18

1016 PT HSUPA Concepts RF Measurem

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An Introduction to HSUPA Concepts

HSUPA Concepts & RF Measurements

HSUPA Concepts & RF Measurements

HSUPA Concepts & RF Measurements

What is HSUPA? Why important?

Three terms for the same thing:

HSUPA Concepts & RF Measurements

E-AGCH E-RGCH E-HICH E-DPDCH E-DPDCH E-DPCCH

HSUPA Concepts & RF Measurements

HSUPA Concepts & RF Measurements

Transport channel: E-DCH

• Channels are IQ multiplexed

HSUPA Concepts & RF Measurements

Downlink Physical Channels

E-HICH (Enhanced HARQ Indicator Channel)

HSUPA Concepts & RF Measurements

HSUPA Concepts & RF Measurements

MAC-d flow MAC-d flow

MAC-e (Node-B) MAC-e De-multiplexer

E-R/AGCH E-HICH E-DCH

HSUPA Concepts & RF Measurements

HARQ HARQ HARQ

E-R/AGCH E-HICH E-DCH

HSUPA Concepts & RF Measurements

HSUPA does not change the fundamental way in which UE power

UE maintains Serving Grant calculation - granted first by Absolute Grant,

HSUPA Concepts & RF Measurements

UE categories define the

TS25.306 Table 5.1a

TS25.306 Table 5.1g

HSUPA Concepts & RF Measurements

HSUPA RB Test Mode

HSPA loopback – Need to loop back HSDPA DL data onto the

HSUPA Concepts & RF Measurements

HSUPA Concepts & RF Measurements

Why Test HSUPA?

Test Rel 99 HSDPA HSUPA

Max Power 5.2 5.2A 5.2AA 5.2B

RCDPA 5.2C 5.2D

SEM 5.9 5.9A 5.9B

ACLR 5.10 5.10A 5.10B

EVM/Phase Disc 5.13.1, 5.13.3 5.13.1A 5.13.1AA Coming soon

Code Domain 5.13.2 5.13.2A 5.13.2B

Max Input Level 6.3 6.3A N/A

HSUPA Concepts & RF Measurements

Setting up UE to match HSUPA sub-test

HSUPA Concepts & RF Measurements

RF Powers for HSUPA Sub-Tests

2 dBm -8.0 0 -1.9 -1.9 2.0 OFF 6.0

dBm 0 -4.4 6.0 6.0 9.9 9.9 14.6

4 dBm -17.5 0 -11.5 -17.5 -2.5 OFF 2.2

5 dBm 0 0 6.0 4.1 19.0 OFF 19.5

HSUPA Concepts & RF Measurements

“The maximum output power with HS-DPCCH and

5.2A/5.2AA (HSDPA Max Power) has 1 worse test

HSUPA Concepts & RF Measurements

Achieving Maximum Power with HSUPA

“The UE Relative code domain power accuracy is a

Code Domain Error

HSUPA Concepts & RF Measurements

Looks at relative power changes

HSUPA Concepts & RF Measurements

Error Vector Magnitude (EVM) and

EVM </= 17.5%