ÎCî¦ô¢Ù 4 ÷«Ja 2018
Kantipudi Kameswara Rao, Mortha first clause is in the present tense.
Q: Respected sir, what is the difference between the fol-
lowing?
1) It has been decided to cancel the festivities that were to
be held on Friday, March 9, 2018.
2) It has been decided to cancel the festivities that are to be
held on Friday, March 9, 2018.
A: It has been decided to cancel the festivities that are to be
held on Friday March 9, 2018 – This is correct, because
the date refers to the future. Moreover the verb in the
In the last week’s lesson we saw the differ-
ences between statements and questions, and
the two types of questions – ‘Wh’ and ‘Non-
wh’ questions.
We have seen in the past lessons the verbs
of six kinds – 1) the ‘be’ forms, 2) the ‘be’
form + the ‘ing’ form, 3) the ‘be’ form + past
participle (V3) (passive voice), 4) have/ has/
had/ shall have/ should have, etc. + Past par-
ticiple (V3) 5) The doing words (eg: Give,
gives, gave, etc.) 6) Shall/ should/ will/ would/
can etc. + the Ist Doing word.
eg: Shall go, will come, can sing, etc. (6 ô¢Ú¥õ
verbs
Þœªô¢ªh-û¦oô³ ÚÛë¯? î¦æ¨E ÷ªJ-#-ð¼-ÚÛªÙè¯
ÑÙç˶, ÷ªì ÎÙÞœxÙö˺ êŸí£±põª ÑÙè[÷±. Íô³ê¶ î¦æ¨
Ñí£-óμ«-Þ¥õª êμõª-ú£ª-ÚÁ-÷è[Ù ÚÛ«è¯ ÷³Üuz.
We have seen the uses of ‘do’, ‘does’ and
‘did’. We are now going to see the uses of the
other verbs like, shall, should, will, would,
can, could, may, might, must, have to, has to,
ought to, need, dare, etc.
We have already seen that the verbs, shall
with I and we, and will with you, he, she, it and
they talks about indefinite future (ÍÙêŸ ÚÛ#aêŸÙ
Ú¥E òÅ¡N-ù£uêÂ). However, in the present day
English, ‘Will’ is being used with all subjects
to indicate both indefinite and definite future
(Íô³ê¶ ô¦ìª, -ô¦ìª Will î¦è˶-ú£ªh-û¦oô¢ª, ÍEo sub-
jects êÁ, ÚÛ#aêŸîμªiì, ÚÛ#aêŸÙ Ú¥E òÅ¡Nù£u꟪hÚÛª).
Shall with you, he, she, it and they is used to
express duties (NëÅ]ªõª), commands (Îá‘õª) and
necessity (Í÷-ú£-ô¦-õÚÛª), mostly in judicial lan-
guage and government rules (ví£òÅ¡ªêŸy, ÚÁô¢ªd
òÅ°ù£ö˺x). Ïí£±pè[ª NªÞœê¦ verbs ÍÙç˶ should,
would, can, could, may, might, must, need,
etc., Ñí£-óμ«ÞœÙ êμõª-ú£ª-ÚÁ-ò˺-꟪û¦oÙ.
a) Should is the past form of Shall. However,
Manideep
Q: Hi sir, could you translate me the following
into Telugu?
1) India could not have asked for an easier
game in this World Cup.
2) The bowling may be a bit inexperienced as
one among Starc or Hazlewood if not both
could be rested after their Ashes heroics.
3) I have grown rather fond of him.
4) I have grown rather used to being the
Oª ví£øŒoõª í£Ùð§Lqì #ô¢ªû¦÷«...
þ¼p·Úû ÏÙTxùÃ, ví£AòÅ¡ NòÅ°ÞœÙ,
Ðû¦è[ª Ú¥ô¦uõóŸªÙ, ô¦îμ«@ íƇöËÀt ú‡æ©,
Íû¦âËÀí£²ôÂ, ô¢ÙÞ¥·ôè…“ >ö°x.
Email your questions to:
pratibhadesk@eenadu.net
Ðû¦è[ª šïj°ë]ô¦ò°ëÂ
Q: í£ô¦-÷ª-ô¢)ìª English ÏÙTx-ùÃö˺ Ô÷ªÙ-æ°ô¢ª?
A: í£ô¦-÷ªô¢) = enquiry. í£ô¦-÷ªô¢) has other meanings too.
Q: Sir please explain me about "The few "completely.
A: Few = Almost none (ë¯ë¯í£± ö˶ô¢ª/ ö˶÷± söËμÚÛ\-ší-ç˶d-î¦-樸Ú
î¦è[ê¦Ùz – few ìª) A few = a small number of things /
people.
The few = the few things/ people that are there (Ñìo Î Ú•CÌ,
Î Ú•ÙêŸ-÷ªÙC).
‘Will’ is being used with..
Grammar & Usage
in the present day English, even for shall,
would is being used as its past form, espe-
cially in the Indirect Speech. (Should ìª
shall ÚÛª past form Þ¥ î¦è[ê¦Ù. ÍÙç˶ ÞœêŸÙö˺
he, she, it and they êÁ Îá‘Þ¥ Þ¥F, NCÅÞ¥ Þ¥F,
Í÷-ú£-ô¢ÙÞ¥ Þ¥F à¶óŸ«-Lqì í£ìª-ö˶-îμjû¦ ÑÙç˶, ÍN
àμí£p-è¯-EÚ¨ shall î¦è[ê¦Ù.) ÍÙë]ª¸Ú ví£òÅ¡ªêŸy ÑêŸh-
ô¢ªyö˺x Þ¥F, ÚÁô¢ªd Îá‘ö˺x Þ¥F, he, she, it and
they êÁ shall î¦è[-ê¦ô¢ª.
eg: I think I shall help him – Indirect speech: I
thought I would help him. (ÏC ÍÙêŸ ÚÛ#aêŸÙ
Ú¥ë]ª).
‘Would’ is the past form (V2) of will. That
is, if will is used as the future from the present,
would is used as the past form of will to
express future from the past.
He is sure that his sisters will help him.
The past form for this is, He was sure his sis-
ter would help him.
‘Should’ is the past form of shall. eg: He
shall understand this point. The past form for
this is: He should understand this point.
eg: She is sure that her husband will surely
help her brother. The past form for this is:
She was sure that her husband would sure-
ly help her brother.
ÏÙÚÁ Nù£óŸªÙ: Should, must, have to (with I/
we/ you and they), has to (with he/ she/ it and
they) expresses commands, duties and necessi-
ty (Îá‘õª, NëÅ]ªõª, Í÷-ú£-ô¦õª).
eg: a) You must / should /have to be in the
office from 10 to 6. (Order)
b) I must / should /have to be present at office
from 10 to 6 or I will be punished (Duty)
c) I must/ should/ have to rush to the station, or
I will miss the train. (Necessity)
d) He/ she/ the train (it) has to be here by
5 o’clock, but he/she/the train (it) is late.
Study this carefully and understand the uses
of shall, should, will, would, must, have to, has
to. More in the next week’s issue.
family insulted.
5) I lie awake all the night staring at the
canopy.
6) I have been back for weeks.
7) I need to upload my vows.
A: 1) Ð ví£í£ÙàŸÚÛíÃö˺ òÅ°ô¢ê ÍÙêŸ ÚÛÙç˶ ú£ªõòÅ¡îμªiì
vÚ©è[ Íè[ޜޜLT ÑÙè˶C Ú¥ë]ª.
2) Î
ò®LÙÞÂÚÛª ÍÙêŸ ÍìªòÅ¡÷Ù ö˶ÚÛð¼÷àŸªa, ΚùúÃ
OôÁ#êŸÙ êŸô¦yêŸ þ§dôÂ\ÚÛª Ú¥F ›ï°âËμöËÀ ÑèÂÚ¨ Ú¥F
Nvø‹ÙA ÏîË•yàŸªa.
3) ÍêŸè[Ùç˶ û¦ÚÛª Ú•ÙêŸ Ïù£dÙ šíJTÙC.
4) ÷« ÚÛªåªÙò°Eo Í÷÷«ìÙ à¶óŸªè[Ù û¦ÚÛª
Íõî¦åª Íô³ð¼ô³ÙC sOª î¦ÚÛuÙö˺ ÔëÁ êŸí£±p
ÑÙCz
5) ÚÛí£±p sÎÚ¥øŒÙ Ú¥÷àŸªaz ÷ÙÚÛ àŸ«ú£«h õªÚÛªE
ÑÙæ°ìª.
6) AJT ÷#a î¦ô¦õª ÍóŸ«uô³.
7) û¦ ví£Aá‘õìª ÚÛÙí£²uåôÂö˺ڨ ÓÚ¨\Ùà¦L.
2
Shyamala Avuganti
þ¼p·Úû ÏÙTxùà ð§êŸ ú£Ù#ÚÛõ ÚÁú£Ù àŸ«è[Ùè… www.eenadupratibha.net
8) òÅ¡Ú¨h êŸô¦yêŸ vð§÷³ÜuÙ ÑìoC
9) ÍêŸè[ª àμí‡pì Nù£óŸ«Eo û¶ìª
í£JøŒ‰vòÅ¡êŸ.
ú£î¦õª à¶ú£ªhû¦oìª
M. Ambedkar, Wyra
981 Q: ú£ôÂ
Ú¨ÙC î¦Ú¥u-õìª ÏÙTx-ùÃö˺ Óö° ô¦óŸ«ö˺ êμL-
óŸª-â˶-óŸª-Þœ-õô¢ª.
G.S.Rao, Vinukonda 1. û¶ìª öËμjvñ-KÚ¨ îμRx ÷þ§hìª sêŸô¦yêŸz
Q: Sir please explain the following in Telugu. 2. û¶ìª öËμjvñ-KÚ¨ îμRx ÷ú£ªh-û¦oìª sÏí£±pè[ªz
3. û¶ìª öËμjvñ-KÚ¨ îμRx ÷à¦aìª sÏí£±pè˶z
1) He is come for the marriage.
2) The mighty are fallen on the bloody field. 4. û¶ìª î¦üŒxêÁ í£E à¶ô³ú£«h Ñû¦oìª sÏí£±pè[ªz
3) The doctor was sent for by him. 5. Îîμª êŸì ÚÛüŒ‰x í£K¤Û à¶ô³Ù-àŸª-ÚÛªÙå« ÑÙC sÏí£±pè[ªz
6. ÞœêŸÙ ÞœêŸl
4) 'Upon Prometheus telling his father, the
wish of his friend, Valentine, he at once A: 1) I will go the library, and come back.
determined to send his son to Milan' - Lamb 2) I am returning from the library.
3) I have just returned from the library
5) There is little hope of this happening today
4) I am making them work
6) I am opposed to Rama going abroad.
5) She is getting her eyes examined.
7) A bird in the hand is worth two in the bush.
6) The past is past.
8) Cleanliness is next to godliness.
A. Ranga Rao, Kakinada
9) I call in question his statement.
Q: Sir, please let me know that 'convenor' and
A: 1) He is come ú£J Ú¥ë]ª. ÍC He has come
'convener' conveys the same meaning and
for marriage ÍE ÑÙè¯L = ÍêŸìª šíRxÚ¨
both can be used in any context?
÷à¦aè[ª.
2) øŒÚ¨h÷ ªÙ꟪õª A: A person who assembles people for a meet-
ing is called a convener. A convenor, on the
ô¢ÚÛhú‡ÚÛhîμªiì óŸ³ë]ÌÄô¢ÙÞœÙö˺
other hand, is one who gathers or assembles
í£êŸì÷ªóŸ«uô¢ª.
3) ÍêŸè[ª è¯ÚÛdôÂÚ¨ ÚÛñªô¢ª šíæ°dè[ª.
people for an official purpose. However,
4) vð»NªAóŸªúà êŸì ›úo꟪è[ª î¦öËμÙæ¨û¶ ÚÁJÚÛìª
the difference between is gradually disap-
êŸì êŸÙvè…Ú¨ êμõí£Þ¥û¶, ÎóŸªì Ú•è[ªÚ󻓻 Nªõû pearing.
ìÞœô¦EÚ¨ í£Ù›íÙë]ªÚÛª Eô¢gô³ÙàŸªÚÛªû¦oè[ª.
5) Ð ôÁV ÍC áJ¸Þ ÎøŒ ö˶ë]ª.
6) ô¦÷ª Në¶ø‹õÚÛª îμüŒxè¯Eo û¶ìª ÷uA¸ôÚ¨ú£ªhû¦oìª Writer
7) à¶Aö˺ Ñìo í£¤¨, ð»ë]ö˺ Ñìo ·ôÙè[ª í£ÉõêÁ
ú£÷«ìÙ sÍÙç˶ à¶Aö˺ Ñìo Í÷Ú¥ø‹Eo ÷ë]ªõªÚÛªE - M. Suresan
ÍEPaêŸîμªiì Í÷Ú¥ø‹õìª îμêŸÚÛè[Ù Eô¢ô¢ÌÄÚÛÙz.
VOCABULARY
1. Intoxicated = Inebriated / drunk (ê¦Tì
îμªiÚÛÙö˺ Ñìo).
eg: Having drunk too much he was intoxicat-
ed / in an inebriated (DE Íô¢–Ù ÚÛ«è¯ ê¦Tì
îμªiÚÛÙö˺ Ñìo) condition.
H Intoxicated X Sober (not drunk/ in senses –
ê¦ÞœE ú‡–Aö˺/ ÷«÷´-õªÞ¥ Ñìo).
eg: He never drinks and is always sober.
2. Outcome = Result (íÆ£LêŸÙ).
eg: Though she was his enemy, he endorsed
eg: What is the outcome of your discussions her candidature for the election.
with the company manager?
H Endorse X Criticize (N÷ª-J)Ù-àŸè[Ù) / oppose
H Outcome X Cause (Ú¥ô¢éÙ). (÷uA-¸ô-Ú¨Ù-àŸè[Ù). eg: He opposed her candi-
eg: What is the cause of the trouble in the
dature for the election.
company?
2) Recommend a product (Ôëμjû¦ ÑêŸp-AhE ú‡ðƧ-
3. Enhance = Increase.
ô¢ú£ª à¶óŸªè[Ù). eg: A number of movie actors
eg: The employees felt happy on hearing the
endorse a number of products.
news of the enhancement of their pay and H Endorse X Disapprove (Îîμ«-CÙ-àŸ-ÚÛ-ð¼-÷è[Ù).
perks.
eg: He disapproved the product as it was
H Enhance X Reduce.
harmful.
eg: The employees were angry that their
5. Eliminate = Remove. eg: By a clever plan-
allowances have been reduced. ning, he eliminated all his rivals to the post.
4. Endorse = 1) Express support publicly
H Eliminate X Include. eg: He included a few
(ò°ï£„-åÙÞ¥ ú£÷ª-J–Ù-àŸè[Ù). of his political rivals in the committee.
ÎCî¦ô¢Ù 11 ÷«Ja 2018
Thumoju Venkatesh
Q: i) I don't know what he is doing.
ii) I don't know what he doing is - Which is correct?
A: I don’t know what he is doing – Correct. I don’t know
what he doing is – Wrong.
B. Vamsi Chowdary
Q: Sir, please clarify my doubts.
1) "Should have", where we can use this word and also
please give some examples.
2) "Artificial".
VOCABULARY
1. Discriminate = Ill treat someone especial-
ly because of their colour, sex, etc (N÷¤Û
àŸ«í‡ÙàŸè[Ù n ÷ªEù‡ àŸô¢t-í£±-ô¢Ù-Þœª, LÙÞœ -òÅ˶-ë]Ù
îμ³ë]öËμjì ÍÙø‹õìª ñæ¨dz.
eg: In the past the whites used discriminate
against the blacks.
H Discriminate X Equate/ treat fairly (ú£÷«-
ìÙÞ¥ àŸ«è[åÙ).
eg: Thanks to Abraham Lincoln the whites
in the US no longer against the blacks.
2. Improvise = Do something without earli-
er preparation.
eg: With the material available he impro-
vised a new device for tidying up the
room.
H Improvise X Plan.
eg: He planned his journey much in
advance.
3. Ceaseless / unceasing = continuous.
eg: Under the leadership of Gandhi the
Indians ceaselessly fought peacefully
against the British for independence
H Ceaseless / unceasing X Intermittent /
irregular.
eg: He was suffering from intermittent pain
in his shoulder, and he could not find a
permanent cure for it.
4. Adoration = Deep love and respect.
eg: The doctor has won adoration from the
patient for curing her disease
H Adoration X hatred.
eg: She was full of hatred for her husband
because he used to be always drunk.
5. Indifferent = Uninterested (vøŒë]ÌÄ-ö˶E/- í£æ¨dÙ-
àŸª-ÚÁE). eg: He is indifferent to studies
unlike his brother who studies hard.
H Indifferent X Sincere.
eg: He is very sincere about helping me.
6. Essential = Something without which
you cannot get on (ÍêŸuÙêŸ ÷³Üuîμªiì/
Ôëμjû¦ ö˶ÚÛð¼ê¶ áô¢ÞœECz
eg: Oxygen is essential for human and ani-
mal life.
H Essential X Unimportant. eg: His pres-
ence here is unimportant now.
Oª ví£øŒoõª í£Ùð§Lqì #ô¢ªû¦÷«...
þ¼p·Úû ÏÙTxùÃ, ví£AòÅ¡ NòÅ°ÞœÙ,
Ðû¦è[ª Ú¥ô¦uõóŸªÙ, ô¦îμ«@ íƇöËÀt ú‡æ©,
Íû¦âËÀí£²ôÂ, ô¢ÙÞ¥·ôè…“ >ö°x.
Email your questions to:
pratibhadesk@eenadu.net
Ðû¦è[ª šïj°ë]ô¦ò°ëÂ
3) "to" êŸô¦yêŸ "THE" Óí£±pè[ª Ñí£óμ«Tþ§hÙ?
A: 1) Should have = must have.
a) You should have a geometry box when you are taking a
mathematics exam.
b) You should have enough money if you want to buy a
house.
2) Artificial = Not natural sú£ï£°áÙ Ú¥ECz
3) ‘to’ is a preposition and ‘the’ is used after it to refer to
something particular. eg: He wrote a letter to the Chief
Minister / to the teacher, etc.
She would always throw the blame..
Grammar & Usage
In the last lesson we have seen the uses of
will, shall, should, must, have to and has to.
We have seen that ‘will’ is being used more
and more in the place of shall on most occa-
sions (shall ñë]ªõª ÓÚÛª\-÷Þ¥ ví£ú£ªhêŸÙ will î¦è˶-ú£ªh-
û¦oô¢ª.) ‘Shall’ is used mostly in court language,
and in rules and law (shall ìª ÓÚÛª\-÷Þ¥ ÚÁô¢ªd
òÅ°ù£ö˺, EñÙ-ëÅ]-ìö˺x, àŸæ°d-ö˺x î¦è[-ê¦ô¢ª).
We have also seen, Should = must = have
to (with I, we, you and they) = has to (with he,
she and it) is used for commands (Îá‘õª),
duties (NëÅ]ªõª) and necessity (Í÷-ú£-ô¦õª).
‘Had to’ is the past form of Should / must /
have to / has to, that is, it is used to express
commands, duties, and necessities in the past.
eg: a) He had to come here in the morning
itself (Command / duty in the past).
b) He had to attend to some work at home and
that was why he rushed home. (Necessity in
the past).
c) Why had he to do it very urgently?
(Obligation).
Other uses of would..
(‘Would’ ÏêŸô¢ Ñí£-óμ«-Þ¥õª n ÏC à¦ö°
÷³ÜuÙ n- â°vÞœ-êŸhÞ¥ Þœ÷ª-EÙ-àŸÙè…)
H ‘Would’ also refers to the present (‘would’
ìª ví£ú£ªhêŸÙ áJ¸Þ í£ìª-õÚÛª ÚÛ«è¯ î¦è[ê¦Ù. When
used in the present tense, it means ‘wish to’
(ÏC present tense (V1) ö˺ î¦è…ê¶ ÚÁô¢è[Ù Íû¶
Íô¢–Ù ÷ú£ªhÙC.)
eg: a) I would like to go home and take rest. (=
I wish to go home and take rest – û¶EÙ-æ¨Ú¨
îμRx Nvø‹ÙA Bú£ª-ÚÁ-÷æ°-EÚ¨ Ïù£d-í£-è[ª-꟪-û¦oìª/-
Íìª-ÚÛªÙ-åª-û¦oìª)
b) They would have a talk with you about the
Ramya Reddy
Q: Sir, "Has/ Have been" E Present perfect
continuous tense ö˺ use à¶þ§hÙ ÚÛë¯! Íô³ê¶
ë¯E í£ÚÛ\ì V4 verb ÷«vêŸî¶ª ô¦î¦L ÚÛë¯ þ§ôÂ.
V3 verb E ÚÛ«è¯ use à¶þ§hô¦? ඛúh Óö°Ùæ¨
ú£Ùë]-ô¢(ÄÙö˺ use à¶þ§hÙ?
A: Í÷±ìª.- Has (with he/ she/ it) and have (with
I/ we/ you/ they) ÚÛª ‘ing’ form à¶Jaê¶ ÍC
Present perfect continuous tense Í÷±-꟪ÙC.
eg: i) He has been studying for the past two
hours.
ii) They have been playing for the past one
þ¼p·Úû ÏÙTxùà ð§êŸ ú£Ù#ÚÛõ ÚÁú£Ù àŸ«è[Ùè… www.eenadupratibha.net
982
problem (= They wish to have a talk with
you = î¦üŒ‰x OªêÁ Ð ú£÷ª-ú£u-ìª ÞœªJÙ# ÷«æ°x-
è¯õE Íìª-ÚÛªÙ-åª-û¦oô¢ª/- Ïù£d-í£-è[ª-꟪-û¦oô¢ª).
c) She would join the picnic (= She wishes to
join the picnic = Îîμª í‡Ú¨oÚÂÚÛª ô¦î¦-õE ÚÁô¢ª-ÚÛªÙ-
æ˺ÙC). Ï÷Fo Ú¨Ùë]æ¨ ð§ôÈ¢Ùö˺ Þœ÷ª-EÙà¦Ù ÚÛë¯?)
H ‘Would’ in questions is also used with the
meaning of request (Ná‘í£±h-õÚÛª, Nìo-ð§-õÚÛª
ÚÛ«è¯ î¦è[ê¦Ù). eg: a) Would you open the
door for me, please? (Oªô¢ª ë]óŸª-à¶ú‡ êŸõªí£±
Bþ§hô¦?)
b) Would you mind lending me your book for
a day? (û¦ÚÛª Oª í£±ú£hÚÛÙ ÖÚÛ -ôÁ-VÚÛª Íô¢ª-N-÷y-æ°-
EÚ¨ ÍòÅ¡uÙ-êŸ-ô¢÷«?)
H ‘Would’ is used with the meaning of like,
love, prefer, etc. (Would ìª Ïù£d-í£-è[åÙ Íû¶
Íô¢–ÙêÁ ÚÛ«è¯ î¦è[ê¦Ù).
eg: I would like to have a cup of coffee. (û¦ÚÛª
ÖÚÛ ÚÛí£±p- Ú¥íƈ ê¦Þ¥-õE ÍE-í‡-þ¼hÙC/- Ïù£d-í£-è[ª-꟪-
û¦oìª) Íô³ê¶ ð§êŸ-ôÁ-Vö˺x Ïù£d-í£-è[-æ°EÚ¨
‘should’ î¦è[ÚÛÙ ÑÙè˶C.- eg: I should like to
go home and take rest.
H ‘Would’ is used when we compare two
unlike things (·ôÙè[ª
êμÞœ-õÚÛª àμÙCì ôyô¢ª ÷ú£ªh-
÷±-õìª ð¼ö˶aÙ-ë]ªÚÛª ÚÛ«è¯ î¦è[ê¦Ù n- Íô³ê¶ ÏÚÛ\è[
rather Íë]-ìÙÞ¥ î¦è[ê¦Ù.) eg: I would rather
die than tell a lie. (= I prefer dying to lying
= à¦÷-ûμjû¦ àŸþ§hìª Þ¥F, Íñë]ÌÄÙ ÷«vêŸÙ àμí£pìª.)
H ‘Would’ expresses probability (with the
meaning of ‘may’ – áô¢-Þœ-÷-àŸaû¶ Íô¢–ÙêÁ ÚÛ«è¯
î¦è[ê¦Ù). eg: The job would take about two
days. (= The job may take about two days =
hour.
Íô³ê¶ has been / have been êŸô¦yêŸ V3 (past
participle) ìª ÚÛ«è¯ î¦è[-ê¦Ù. Íí£±p-è[C
passive voice Í÷±-꟪ÙC.
Eg: The shop (it) has been closed (ÿ§íÃ
÷´óŸª-ñ-è…ÙC) / They have been
given prizes for their hard work.
(î¦üŒx vøŒ÷ª íÆ£L-êŸÙÞ¥ î¦üŒxÚÛª ñ-÷ª-꟪-
L-÷y-ñ-诓ô³)
P. Shankarlingam, Shayampet
Q: Who gave you the permission?
Who did give you the permission? - Which
sentence is correct and why? Please
explain.
A: Who gave you the permission? – Correct.
Usually ‘Who’ is not followed by did.
Q: Sir, please let me know the difference
between the following words.
Barrage Reservoir
Project Sagar
A: A barrage is a place for storage of water and
the important thing is that the barrage
extends from one bank of the river to the
2
Î í£EÚ¨ ·ôÙè[ª ôÁVõª í£åd-÷àŸªa)
H ‘Would’ is used with the meaning of ‘used
to’ that is, a habitual action in the past
(ÞœêŸÙö˺ Íõ-î¦-åªÞ¥ ඛú í£EÚ¨ ÚÛ«è¯ ‘would’
î¦è[ê¦Ù. eg: a) When I was young, I would
take long walks in the morning sû¶ì ª
#ìoî¦è…Þ¥ Ñìo-í£±pè[ª, à¦ö° ë]«ô¦õª ìè…-à¶-î¦é¨o.z
b) I would take lots of coffee in the past and
that spoilt my health. sû¶ìª à¦ö° Ú¥íƈ ꦸÞ-î¦-
è…E, ë¯E-÷õx û¦ ÎôÁÞœuÙ ð§èËμjÙCz
H ‘Would’ ìª ÷ªìÙ Íõ-î¦-åª-Þ¥- ඛú í£ìª-õÚÛª
ÚÛ«è¯ î¦è[ê¦Ù: eg: She would always throw
the blame on others, even if it was her fault.
(She always threw the blame on others even
if it is her fault = êŸí£±p Îîμªë¶ Íô³-ì-í£p-æ¨Ú©, ÏêŸ-
ô¢ª-õìª EÙC-ú£«hû¶ ÑÙåªÙCz
These are the important uses of ‘would’ (ÏN
‘would’ ÷³Üu Ñí£-óμ«-Þ¥õªn ò°Þ¥ Þœªô¢ªhÙàŸªÚÁÙè…z.
Must & ought to: Must as we have seen
already is used for duties, commands, and
necessity. Ought to, on the other hand is used
for moral obligations: Eg: a) You ought to take
care of your parents in their old age. b) He
ought not have treated his younger sister so
badly. c) Before blaming others, we ought to
know the truth.
other bank, and the gates of the barrage
rests on the bed of the river.
H A reservoir is a place where water is
stored for agricultural or drinking
purposes. A reservoir may be near a
river or away from a river / tank.
H A project is a difficult or an impor-
tant task taken up by the govern-
ment or a private agency. A project
does not necessarily mean a place
for storing water.
H Sagar is a Sanskrit word meaning a sea.
Bala Krishna
Q: í‡õxî¦è[ª ú£«\öËÀÚ¨ îμüŒxìE ÷«ô¦Ù à¶ú£ªhû¦oè[ª n
Ð î¦Ú¥uEo ÏÙTxùÃö˺ Óö° àμð§pL?
A: The boy is adamant / obstinate / firm about
not going to school.
Writer
- M. Suresan
ÎCî¦ô¢Ù 18 ÷«Ja 2018
Ganashraya, Warangal
Q: Sir what is the difference between i) What do you give/
What you give ii) I give to you/ I give you iii) I will give
you/ I will give to you iv) To do/ Make do - Please
explain.
A: 1) What do you give? – This is the correct question
form. ‘What you give?’ is not correct. Only as a part
of a sentence it is correct. eg: I do not know what you
give him. That depends on you.
2) ‘I will give you (what you want)’ is correct and I will
give to you is wrong.
Grammar & Usage
H Can, Could: ‘Can’ is used 1) with the
meaning of ability (can = Þœõ. Ôëμjû¦ à¶óŸª-Þœ-
L¸Þ ë¯EÚ¨, can î¦è[ê¦Ù).
eg: a) He can understand English (ÍêŸè[ª ÎÙÞœxÙ
Íô¢–Ù à¶ú£ª-ÚÁ-Þœ-õè[ª).
b) Can he swim? (ÍêŸè[ª Ðë]Þœõè¯?)
c) How can he help me? (ÍêŸè[ª û¦·Úö°
þ§óŸªÙ à¶óŸª-Þœ-õè[ª?)
2) Can, especially in the question form, is
sometimes used for asking permission in an
informal manner (ví£øŒo ô¢«í£Ùö˺ can î¦è…-ì-
í£±pè[ª ÍÙêŸ í£ë]ÌÄ-AÞ¥ Ú¥ÚÛªÙè¯ Íìª-÷ªA Íè…-¸ÞÙ-
ë]ªÚÛª î¦è[ê¦Ù.)
eg: a) Can I come in? (Have I the permission?
= û¶ìª ö˺í£LÚ¨ ô¦÷à¦a?)
b) Can I borrow your book for a few days?
(Will you allow me to borrow your
book? = Oª í£±ú£h-Ú¥Eo û¶ìª Ú•Eo ôÁVõª
Íô¢ª÷± Bú£ª-ÚÁ-÷à¦a?)
3) Can is used in the statement form for giving
permissions: (‘can’ ìª statement form ö˺
Íìª-÷ªA Ï÷y-è¯-EÚ¨ ÚÛ«è¯ î¦è[ê¦Ù.)
eg: a) You can go now. (=You are permitted to
go = OªJÚÛ îμüŒx-÷àŸªa)
b) They can participate in the competition
if they want (= They are permitted to
participate = î¦üŒ‰x Ú¥î¦-õ-ìª-ÚÛªÙç˶ ð¼æ©ö˺
ð§ö˹_-ì-÷àŸªa)
Important: Can for permissions is more
informal than ‘May’.
4. ‘Could’:
‘Could’ is 1) the past form of ‘can’, that is,
if ‘Can’ expresses ability in the present,
‘Could’ expresses ability in the past (Could,
can ÚÛª ÞœêŸÙ.- ÍÙç˶ ÞœêŸÙö˺ Ôëμjû¦ à¶óŸª-Þœ-LT ÑÙç˶,
could î¦è[ê¦Ù.) However, it is doubtful, if a
person was able to do it in the past. (Íô³ê¶
ÞœêŸÙö˺ Ó÷-·ôjû¦ Ôëμjû¦ à¶óŸª-Þœ-LT ÑÙè˶-î¦ü°x Íû¶C
ú£Ùë¶-.)
5. eg: a) I thought he could do it (ÍêŸè[ª à¶óŸª-
ÞœL¸Þ-î¦-è[E û¶ì-ìª-ÚÛª-û¦oìª.- à¶óŸª-Þœ-L¸Þ-î¦èÁ ö˶ëÁ
êμLóŸªë]ª) (Present form for this: I think he
can do it – DEÚ¨ present form).
b) He could spend as much money as he liked.
(But it is doubtful if he spent as much as he
liked – Íô³ê¶ could Óí£±pè[« à¶óŸª-Þœ-L-Þ¥è¯ ö˶ë¯
Íû¶ ú£Ùë¶-Eo ÷uÚÛhÙ à¶ú£ªhÙC.)
Compare:
He could do it (à¶óŸª-Þœ-L¸Þî¦è˶ Ú¥F, à¶ø‹èÁ ö˶ëÁ
êμLóŸªë]ª). He was able to do it (He did it,
because he had the ability to do it – ÍêŸè[ª
à¶óŸªÞœLÞ¥è[ª, ÍêŸè…Ú¨ Î øŒÚ¨h ÑÙC Ú¥ñæ¨d.)
Ðû¦è[ª šïj°ë]ô¦ò°ëÂ
3) To do = sà¶óŸªè[Ùz. I want to do it immediately. To make
do (This is an idiom) = to adjust with something, though
it is not enough s÷ªìÚ¨ ú£J-ð¼-ô³-ìÙêŸ Ú¥ì-í£p-æ¨Ú© ú£ô¢ªÌ-ÚÛª-ð¼-
÷è[Ùz. eg: I will have to make do with the little money I
have.
Q: Respected sir, People thought Sue had paid too much
for this house. (Change into passive voice)
A: It was thought (by people) that too much had been paid
by Sue for this house.
He cut the paper by means of..
983
B. Rajaiah
Q: Sir please explain how to use the following
phrase prepositions with Telugu meanings.
1) By means of 2) By reason of
3) With reference to
4) In accordance with
5) In comparison to 6) In case of
7) In favour of 8) In order to
9) Inspite of 10) In the event of
11) On account of
1. By means of = with the use of / with the
help of (ë¯E þ§óŸªÙêÁ.)
eg: He cut the paper by means of a pair of
scissors.
2. By reason of = Because of a reason (Î
Ú¥ô¢éÙ à¶êŸ).
eg: He is here by reason of his exams. (êŸì
í£K¤Ûõ- Ú¥-ô¢-éÙÞ¥ ÍêŸ-E-ÚÛ\è[ Ñû¦oè[ª)
3. With reference to = About something
(ë¶ûμj¬oû¦ í£±ô¢-ú£\-JÙ-àŸª-ÚÛªE).
eg: With reference to your letter, I wish to
write to you the following.
4. In accordance with = according to (ë¯E
ví£Ú¥ô¢Ù)
eg: In accordance with our agreement, you
should pay me immediately a hundred
rupees.
5. In comparison to = when compared with
something else. (ë¶E-êÁ-ûμjû¦ ð¼L›úh)
eg: In comparison with (to) India, Singapore
is a small country.
6. In case of = if something happens. (ÍC áJ-
T-ì-í£±pè[ª)
eg: In case of trouble, please let me know.
7. In favour of = favouring somebody (ÖÚÛ-JÚ¨
Íìª-ÚÛ«-õÙÞ¥)
eg: The judge’s judgment was in favour of
him.
8. In order to = to. (ë¯E ÚÁú£Ù) eg: In order to
help him, I spent all my money.
9. Inspite of = though (Íô³ìí£pæ¨Ú©). eg: In
spite of his wealth, he does not spend
money.
10. In the event of = in case of (Íö°
áJTìí£±pè[ª). eg: In the event of his winning
the game the company will reward him.
11. On account of = because of (ÍÙë]ª÷õx).
Oª ví£øŒoõª í£Ùð§Lqì #ô¢ªû¦÷«...
þ¼p·Úû ÏÙTxùÃ, ví£AòÅ¡ NòÅ°ÞœÙ,
Ðû¦è[ª Ú¥ô¦uõóŸªÙ, ô¦îμ«@ íƇöËÀt ú‡æ©,
Íû¦âËÀí£²ôÂ, ô¢ÙÞ¥·ôè…“ >ö°x.
Email your questions to:
pratibhadesk@eenadu.net
Aruna
þ¼p·Úû ÏÙTxùà ð§êŸ ú£Ù#ÚÛõ ÚÁú£Ù àŸ«è[Ùè… www.eenadupratibha.net
eg: The school is closed today on account
of Gandhi’s birth day.
B. Gopal, Kurnool
Q: Sir please translate the following poem into
Telugu. The poem was written by Ptolemy
of Greek astronomer.
Mortal I know I am, short - lived
and yet, when ever
I watch the multitude of swirling stars,
then I no longer tread this earth,
but rise to feast
with God, and enjoy the food
of the immortals
A: û¶ìª àŸE-ð¼-ê¦-ìE û¦ÚÛª êμõªú£ª, êŸÚÛª\÷ Ú¥õ
ñ꟪-ÚÛª-ìE
Íô³û¦ í£J-vòÅ¡-NªÙචÍêŸuÙêŸ ú£ÙÜuö˺ Ñìo
ì¤Ûvê¦õìª àŸ«›úh
Ð òÅ¡«Nª Oªë] ìè[-÷ìª, Ú¥F ë¶÷±-è…êÁ NÙë¯-ô¢-TÙ-
à¶Ù-ë]ªÚÛª šíj·Ú-Þœª-ô¢ª-ê¦ìª
à¦÷± ö˶E-î¦-üŒxêÁ NÙë]ª Îþ§y-C-þ§hìª
VOCABULARY
1. Illusion = A false idea or belief.
eg: He is under no illusion that he is a great
singer.
H Illusion X Reality. eg: He knows that in
reality he is not a great singer.
2. Spice = Strong smelling substance like pep-
per / cardamom / cinnamon etc. sú£ªÞœÙëÅ]
vë]î¦uõª n óŸ«õÚÛªõª, õ÷ÙÞ¥õª ö°Ùæ¨N.z
eg: The biryani they cooked is full of spices
and was very tasty.
H Spice X blandness (lack of taste – ô¢ª#Þ¥
ö˶ÚÛð¼÷è[Ùz. eg: The tea they served us was
bland (tasteless)
3. Essential = Something without which you
cannot get on (ÍêŸuÙêŸ ÷³Üu-îμªiì/- Ôëμjû¦ ö˶ÚÛ-
ð¼ê¶ áô¢-Þœ-EC.)
eg: Oxygen is essential for human and animal
life.
H Essential X Unimportant.
eg: His presence here is unimportant now.
4. Grave = 1) Very serious (ÍA Bv÷-îμªiì).
eg: You are making a grave mistake by ignor-
ing the patient’s needs
2) A place where a dead body is buried.
eg: The grave of his father is in Hyderabad.
(No antonym).
2
Praveen
Q: Please let me know the difference between
i) He was a good boy
ii) He is a good boy - Which one is correct?
A: He is a good boy – This refers to the present
/ now = He is a good boy NOW. He was a
good boy – This refers to the past. In the
past he was good, now he may or may not
be good, or he might have grown up into a
man.
Q: i) I want to know about him also ii) I want
to know also about him - Which is correct?
A: Both are correct. Know about him also =
know about him, in addition to another per-
son. I want to know also about him = Not
only about somebody else, but also about
him. Both are more or less the same.
Subhash Reddy
Q: Sir, could you please explain about the
usage of 'Rather' in present day English.
A: Rather = 1) somewhat / to some extent –
used only with negative characteristics.
The boy is rather stupid / bad, etc.
2) Used when you compare two unlike things.
I would rather go home than stay here. (= I
had better go home than stay here).
Writer
- M. Suresan
H Essential X Trivial (not serious)
eg: His comments on the incident were trivial
and no one paid any attention to it.
5. Harass = Cause serious trouble to someone
(Ïñ(ÙC šíådè[Ù).
eg: Politicians harass common people in our
country.
H Harass X Soothe (×ë¯-ô¢aè[Ù/- ø‹ÙêŸ-í£-ô¢àŸè[Ù).
eg: As she was crying a lot her mother tried to
soothe her.
6. Conviction = Faith / Strong belief (ë]”èÅ[
ì÷ªtÚÛÙ).
eg: Gandhi had strong conviction in non-vio-
lence.
H Conviction X Distrust (ì÷ªtÚÛÙ ö˶ÚÛ-ð¼-÷è[Ù).
eg: A number of people distrusted Gandhi’s
principle of ahimsa.
ÎCî¦ô¢Ù 25 ÷«Ja 2018
Malan Shirin Imran, Kothagudem
Q: Tenali Rama says - Íîμ«t! í£ÚÛ\ ô¦áuí£± ô¦V ÓÙêŸ
ë]ªô¦tô¢ª_è[ª? ÷ªÙ# í£Ùè[xE àμí‡p Óö°Ùæ¨ ÷«Nªè… í£Ùè[xìª ÷ªìÚÛª
í£Ùð§è[ª. Ð í£Ùè[ª ÷³ÚÛ\ìª Ú•JÚ¨ìÙë]ª¸Ú îμìªîμÙåû¶ û¦ÚÛª à¦÷±
÷´è…ÙC. Íë¶ í£Ùè[ª îμ³êŸhÙ Aìoî¦è[ª Ôîμªið¼ê¦èÁ - Please
translate into English.
A: What a wicked man the neighbouring king is! Claiming
that the fruits are good, what kind of fruits he sent us! I
am sure to die if bite off a piece of this fruit. If that is the
case what will happen to the one who eats the whole
fruit!
VOCABULARY
1. Drab = Uninteresting / dull (Íû¦ú£Ú¨hÚÛô¢îμªiì,
Ñê¦q٠ÚÛLTÙàŸEz.
eg: The movie was drab, and was pro-
longed too much.
H Drab X exciting sÑê¦qEo ÚÛLTÙà¶.z
eg: The circus was very exciting and did
not allow us to turn our heads.
2. Soak = drench make something fully wet
(û¦ìòËμådè[Ù/ í£²JhÞ¥ FüŒxö˺ ÷³ÙàŸè[Ù.z
eg: He soaked his clothes in soap water,
before washing them.
H Soak X dry, dry up sÓÙè[òËμåªdz
eg: After washing the clothes he dried
them up.
3. Fatal = causing death s÷ªô¢é Ú¥ô¢ÚÛîμªiìz.
eg: He died in a fatal accident.
H Fatal X safe s¸¤÷ªÚÛô¢îμªiìz
4. Prosper = flourish / be successful sšíjÚ¨
ô¦÷è[Ù/ ÍGÅ÷”CÌÄ àμÙë]è[Ùz.
eg: He started a business and has pros-
pered.
H Prosper X Decline s¤©é¨ÙàŸè[Ùz
eg: His business declined as he was unable
to compete with the other merchants.
Beesula Rajaiah
Q: Respected sir, please tell me the meanings
of the following words in Telugu and give
some examples.
1) Appear for 2) Averments
3) Bagging 4) Public cause
5) Plea for 6) Public interest
7) Emerge 8) Compaign
9) Put across 10) Sizeable
11) Locus standi 12) Allegedly
13) Sped off 14) Poll-bound
15) Crown rule
1. Appear for = Being present (at an inter-
view/ at some function, etc.) (ÚÛE-í‡Ù-àŸè[Ù/-
ví£êŸu-¤Û-÷ª-÷è[Ù/ -áô¢ªÚ¥÷è[Ù)
eg: a) He appeared for the interview yesterday.
b) God appeared before him.
c) He appeared in the court yesterday.
2. Averments = declaration (to aver = to
declare / make a statement that something
is true – ví£ÚÛ-æ¨Ù-àŸè[Ù.)
eg: His averment was that he did not steal the
money. (ê¦ìª è[ñª(õª ë•ÙT-LÙ-àŸ-ö˶-ë]E ÍêŸè[ª
ví£ÚÛ-å-ì à¶ø‹è[ª.)
3. Bagging = getting (ð»Ùë]è[Ù).
eg: He was happy at bagging the prize.
Ðû¦è[ª šïj°ë]ô¦ò°ëÂ
Q: Sir, please translate the following into Telugu.
i) She wants to be selected for the teacher post.
ii) She gets selected.
iii) She wants to get selected
A: She wants to be selected for the teacher’s post =
æ©àŸô ÑëÁuÞ¥EÚ¨ ÓÙí‡ÚÛ Íî¦yõE ÚÁô¢ªÚÛªÙæ˺ÙC.
2) She gets selected = Îîμª æ©àŸô ÑëÁuÞ¥EÚ¨ ÓÙ퇷ÚjÙC, Íó¶ªu
Í÷Ú¥øŒÙ ò°Þ¥ ÑÙC.
3) She wants to get selected = Îîμª æ©àŸô ÑëÁuÞ¥EÚ¨
ÓÙí‡ÚÛî¦yõE ÚÁô¢ªÚÛªÙæ˺ÙC.
‘May’ has the force of ‘shall’ in..
984
Ð î¦ô¢Ù ÷ªìÙ May, Might ÞœªJÙ#
êμõªú£ªÚÛªÙë¯Ù.
1) ‘May’ expresses possibility or probability in
the present. (‘May’ ìª þ§ëÅ]u÷ªó¶ªuî¦æ¨Ú¨ Þ¥F,
ú£ÙòÅ¡NÙàŸè[Ù ú£Ùë¶ï£°ÙÞ¥ ÑÙè˶î¦æ¨Ú¨ Þ¥F
î¦è[ê¦Ùz.
eg: a) He may come (But it is doubtful = He
may or may not come = ÍêŸè[ª ô¦÷àŸªa
sú£Ùë¶ï£°Ù.z
b) They may win the match (Perhaps they will
win the match – ñø‹ î¦üŒ‰x ÷«uà ·Þõ÷àŸªaz.
2) ‘May’ in the present tense is used for asking
for permission in the question form in a for-
mal manner. (ví£øŒo ô¢«í£Ùö˺ ‘May’ ìª n šíj
ÍCÅÚ¥ô¢ªõìª à¦ö° ÷ªô¦uë]í£²ô¢yÚÛÙÞ¥ ÑêŸhô¢ªyõª
Íè[Þœè¯EÚ¨ î¦è[ê¦Ù.z
eg: a) May I go now? (= Have I the permission
to go now? = û¶EÚÛ îμüË •xà¦aÙè…?z
b) May we come in, please? (Have we the per-
mission to come in? = ÷³ ö˺í£LÚ¨
ô¦÷à¦aÙè…?z
3) ‘May’ in the statement form is used for giv-
ing permissions. (î¦ÚÛu ô¢«í£Ùö˺ Íìª÷ªA
Ï÷yè¯EÚ¨ ‘May’ î¦è[ê¦ô¢ª. ÷³ÜuÙÞ¥ šíj
ÍCÅÚ¥ô¢ªõªz
a) You may go now. (You are permitted / you
have the permission to go now = OªJÚÛ
îμüŒx÷àŸªa.z
(ñ÷ªA ð»ÙC-ìÙ-ë]ªÚÛª ÍêŸè[ª ú£ÙêÁ-ù‡Ù-à¦è[ª)
4. Public cause = Something that is of help to
the public (= people). ví£á-õÚÛª Ñí£-óμ«-Þœ-í£è˶
Nù£óŸªÙ.
eg: He is fighting with the government for a
public cause (ví£áõ ÷ªÙ#- ÚÁú£Ù ÍêŸè[ª
ví£òÅ¡ªêŸyÙêÁ ð¼ô¦-è[ª-꟪-û¦oè[ª.)
5. Plea for = make a request (Ná‘í‡h à¶óŸªè[Ù)
eg: His pleas to the police to let off his brother
were useless. (êŸì þ¼ë]-ô¢ª-è…E Nè…-í‡Ù-àŸ-÷ªE
ÍêŸè[ª ð¼M-ú£ª-õÚÛª à¶ú‡ì Nìoí£Ù Eô¢ª-í£-óμ«-Þœ-
îμªiÙC.)
6. Public interest = in the interest of the people
(ví£á-õÚÛª õª-ඛú)
eg: He fought with the government in public
Îîμª
þ¼p·Úû ÏÙTxùà ð§êŸ ú£Ù#ÚÛõ ÚÁú£Ù àŸ«è[Ùè… www.eenadupratibha.net
b) They may use the money for company pur-
poses (They are allowed to use the money =
ÚÛÙšíF Ñí£óμ«Þ¥ô¢–Ù î¦ü°x è[ñª( î¦è[÷àŸªa.z
4) ‘May’ especially in legal / government lan-
guage has the force of ‘shall’ (àŸådí£JòÅ°ù£ö˺,
ví£òÅ¡ªêŸy ÑêŸhô¢ªyö˺x ‘may’ ìª ‘shall’ êÁ
ú£÷«ìÙÞ¥ î¦è[ê¦ô¢ª.z
a) They may submit the records as soon as pos-
sible. (= they shall = î¦üŒ‰x Î JÚ¥ô¢ª“õìª êŸyô¢Þ¥
ú£÷ªJpÙà¦L.z
b) They may not leave the office before 6
(They have no permission to leave) (6
÷³Ùë]ô¢ Ó÷ô¢« Ú¥ô¦uõóŸªÙ Nè…# îμüŒxÚÛ«è[ë]ª.z
MIGHT:
1) Might in the present tense expresses greater
doubt than May. (May ìª
ví£ú£ªhêŸÙ
ú£Ùë¶ï£„õÚÛª/ áJ¸Þ Í÷Ú¥øŒÙ Ñìoî¦æ¨Ú¨ î¦è…ìç˶d,
might ìª ÍÙêŸÚÛÙç˶ ÓÚÛª\÷ ú£Ùë¶ï£„õÚÛª/ áJ¸Þ
Í÷Ú¥øŒÙ ÍÙêŸÞ¥ö˶E î¦æ¨Ú¨ î¦è[ê¦Ù.z
a) They may come (doubtful – î¦üŒ‰x ô¦÷àŸªa).
b) They might come (very doubtful – î¦üŒ‰x
ô¦÷à¶aîμ« n ÏÙÚ¥ ú£Ùë¶ï£°Ù.z
c) Might they be there? (Very doubtful)
Writer
- M. Suresan
interest. (ví£â˺-í£-óμ«-Þ¥ô¢–ÄÙ ÍêŸè[ª ví£òÅ¡ª-êŸyÙêÁ
ð¼ô¦-è¯è[ª)
7. Emerge = Come out of some place (ÖÚÛ àÁæ¨-
ìªÙ# ñóŸª-åÚÛª ô¦÷è[Ù)
eg: He emerged from the room at midnight
(Íô¢ÌÄ-ô¦vA í£²å ÍêŸè[ª Î ÞœC- ìªÙ# ñóŸª-æ¨-
Ú•à¦aè[ª).
8. Compaign = Movement (Ñë]u÷ªÙ)
eg: Mahatma Gandhi campaigned for non-vio-
lence. (ÍÙ-ú£ -ÚÁú£Ù Þ¥ÙDÅ Ñë]u-NªÙ-à¦ô¢ª.)
9. Put across = Explain (N÷-JÙ-àŸè[Ù). eg: The
teacher succeeded in putting across the dif-
ficult problem to the students. (Ñð§-ëůu-óŸ³è[ª
Î ú£ÙÚ¨xù£d ú£÷ª-ú£uìª Në¯u-ô¢ª–õÚÛª N÷-JÙ-àŸ-è[Ùö˺
NáóŸªÙ þ§CÅÙ-à¦è[ª.)
10. Sizeable = large (ò°Þ¥ ÓÚÛª\-÷-Þ¥ -Ñìo).
eg: He has a siz(e)able amount of money in the
bank. (ÍêŸ-è…Ú¨ ò°uÙÚÛªö˺ ÓÚÛª\-÷-Þ¥û¶ è[ñª(õª
Ñû¦oô³.)
11. Locus standi = The right to appear in a
court or before anybody on a given ques-
2
Grammar & Usage
(î¦üŒxÚÛ\è[ ÑÙè•à¦a?n ÷ªK ÓÚÛª\÷ ú£Ùë¶ï£°Ù êμL›í
í£ë]Ùz
2) Might is the past form of May ( ÏÙÚ•ÚÛæ¨:
might, may Ú¨ ÞœêŸÙ. It expresses doubt/
probability in the past. (ÏC ÞœêŸÙö˺ ú£Ùë¶ï£„Eo,
ú£ÙòÅ¡NÙචÍ÷Ú¥øŒÙ Ñìoë¯Eo êμõªí£±êŸªÙC.z
a) I thought he might come (ÍêŸè[ª ô¦÷à¶aîμ«
ÍE ÍìªÚÛªû¦oìªz (Present form: I think he
may come = ÍêŸè[ª ô¦÷àŸaE ÍìªÚÛªÙåªû¦oìª.z
b) They were doubtful if he might come. (ÍêŸè[ª
ô¦÷à¶aîμ«ìE î¦üŒ‰x ú£Ùë¶ï£°í£è¯“ô¢ªz (Present
form: They are doubtful if he may come).
3) ‘Might’ is used sometimes to ask for per-
mission more politely and formally than
‘may’, but it is not commonly used. (Might
ìª may ÚÛÙç˶ ÓÚÛª\÷ Þ½ô¢÷ÙêÁ ÑêŸhô¢ªyõª
Íè[Þœè¯EÚ¨ î¦è[ê¦ô¢ª, Íô³ê¶ DEo ÍÙêŸ
þ§ëůô¢éÙÞ¥ î¦è[ô¢ªz.
a) Might I go now? (More polite and formal
than, ‘May I go now? – û¶EÚÛ îμüŒx÷à¦a? – May
I go now ÚÛÙç˶ ÓÚÛª\÷ ÷ªô¦uë]Þ¥ Íè[Þœè[Ù. n
Íô³ê¶ DEo ÍÙêŸÞ¥ î¦è[ô¢ª.z
b) Might I take some money from the compa-
ny’s account? (û¶ìª ÚÛÙšíF ÍÚ˽ÙæÀ ìªÙ# Ú•ÙêŸ
è[ñª( Bú£ªÚÁ÷à¦a?z (More polite and formal
than, ‘May I take some money from the
company’s account? – DE ÚÛÙç˶ ‘Might I
take some money from the company’s
account ÓÚÛª\÷ ÷ªô¦uë]Þ¥ Íè[Þœè[Ù.z
However, ‘Might’ for permissions is rarely
used. (Íô³ê¶ ÑêŸhô¢ªyõÚÛª, Might ìª ÍÙêŸÞ¥
î¦è[ô¢ª. ÓÚÛª\÷ ‘may’ û¶ î¦è[ê¦ô¢ª.z
tion. sÔëμjû¦ ú£÷ªú£u Oªë] ÚÁô¢ªdö˺ ví£î¶PÙà¶
ÚÛª\.z eg: He has no locus standi to
appear before a court and argue his case.
12. Allegedly = Facing a complaint (ÍêŸè… Oªë]
Ñìo ÎôÁí£éz. eg: He has allegedly (no
proof yet – only a complaint) committed
the theft. së•ÙÞœêŸìÙ à¶ø‹è[û¶ ÎôÁí£é ÍêŸè…
Oªë] ÑÙCz.
13. Sped off – The past tense (V2) of speed off
= to go to some place at great speed.
eg: The train sped off in a few minutes (Î
·ôjõª Ú•CÌ ENªÿ§ö˺xû¶ î¶ÞœÙ ÍÙë]ªÚÛªÙC.z
14. Poll-bound = Going to vote (×åª î¶óŸªè¯EÚ¨
îμüŒ‰êŸªû¦oz eg: Some states in India were
poll-bound last week (Ú¨Ùë]æ¨
î¦ô¢Ù
òÅ°ô¢êŸë¶øŒÙö˺ Ú•Eo ô¦ÿZ§õª ×åª î¶ø‹ô³.z
15. Crown rule = Rule by a king / queen (ô¦V
Þ¥F ô¦é¨ Þ¥F Ôö˶ ví£òÅ¡ªêŸyÙ). eg: The coun-
try is under crown rule.
Oª ví£øŒoõª í£Ùð§Lqì #ô¢ªû¦÷«...
þ¼p·Úû ÏÙTxùÃ, ví£AòÅ¡ NòÅ°ÞœÙ,
Ðû¦è[ª Ú¥ô¦uõóŸªÙ, ô¦îμ«@ íƇöËÀt ú‡æ©,
Íû¦âËÀí£²ôÂ, ô¢ÙÞ¥·ôè…“ >ö°x.
Email your questions to:
pratibhadesk@eenadu.net