JSA's Models

HSE N°
Generic JSAs xx 2007
JSAs list
1 Chemical
2 Concreting
3 Confined space
4 Diving
5 Electrical
6 Work environment
7 Ground disturbance
8 Hot works
9 Isolation
10 Lifting
11 Specific lifting
12 Manual handling & storage
13 Marine works
14 Mechanical tests
15 Tools & equipements
16 Painting
17 Piling
18 Piping
19 Quarry
20 Radiography
21 Scaffolding
22 Temporary facilities
23 Transport
24 SIMOPS
25 Working at height
Back
1 - Working with chemicals
NO. BASIC STEPS HAZARDS POTENTIAL CONSEQUENCES PREVENTIVE MEASURES ACTION BY

1 Transportation a Mishandling Chemical reactions (fire, explosion) All container will be properly labelled
Inhalation, absorption Training/Instructions of work
Copies of MSDS available to the employees
b Overloading Road accident, pollution, spillage Training/Instructions of work

Implementation of a spill response plan
Load control
Check the maximum loading capacity of the equipment
c Damage to containers Spillage/leakage Containers should not be shifted by rolling on the ground
Chemical reactions (fire, explosion) Containers should not be exposed to direct sunlight
Second confinement / trays
2 Reception a Opening of loading Inhalation (lung injury), absorption Use appropriate PPE (face shield, mask…) according to the MSDS
Training/Instructions of work
Refer to the MSDS before operating
b Unloading method failure Pollution, injury Containers should not be shifted as MSDS requirements
Containers should not be exposed to direct sunlight
Pollution, lung injury (inhalation of harmful A storage area for each product family should be identified (see
3 Storage a Spillage / leakage
substances), fire explosion incompatibility in MSDS)
A shed should be provided (when required by MSDS)
All paints, solvents & flammable products stored in a ventilated area
Preventive adequate measures of secondary containement as a
spill tray (100% of the largest container / 50% of the total volume)
Provide adequate absorbents
Suitable warning signs
Maintain a good housekeeping in the storage area
Fire fighting training
No inflammable materials is to be kept nearby
Oil storage / diesel storage area is to be identified separately
Fire point to be provided near by the storage area
All empty and full cylinders to be marked clearly and all the cylinders
to stacked upright position
While handling of drums / cylinders hand gloves to be worn
Smoking is strictly prohibited and 'NO SMOKING' warning sign to
displayed. Enforce no smoking policy
Hot work should be prohibited around the vicinity
Comply with storage good practices (storage of heavy loads…)
Exposure to harmful levels

4 Handling a Toxic effects, lung injury See JSA 12 Manual handling & storage
of gases, liquids, fumes, dusts
Adequate hand gloves, safety shoes, goggles and dust mask shall
be worn as per MSDS requirements
Ventilated area
b Excessive lifting Physical injury, back injury, pain Training/Instructions of work (ergonomic posture)
Medical follow-up
c Chemical spills Pollution Implementation of a spill response plan

Inhalation, absorption, digestion Use of adequate handling / shifting tools & equipements
5 Debagging a Excessive lifting Back injury, strain Use appropriate PPE (gloves, mask…)
b Impact with a falling object Crushing injury, physical injury Maintain a good housekeeping
Pay attention to the products balance
c Cut by packaging Cuts PPE should be worn
No slings or ropes to be used for chemical products. Lifting basket

6 Shifting/lifting a Impact with a falling object Crushing injury
which must be approved by competent departement can be used
Check the capacity of the basket, displayed it
b Excessive lifting Back injury, pain Shifting & lifting should be done carefully
Suitable PPE shall be worn (hand gloves, safety shoes, goggles,
helmet)
Skin & eye hazard from Inspection of filling apparatus (level indicator, hose, on/off valve,
7 Filling operations a Physical injury
splashing of chemical vaccumsucker)
Suitable PPE shall be worn (fully chemical body, hand gloves, safety
Eye & skin damage
shoes, goggles, helmet, mask)
Toolbox meeting shall be conducted before carrying out the activity
Eye wash system are in place
MSDS must be dispalyed & communicated to all concerned workers
Close supervision must be ensured
Safety showers are in place
b Over weight Back injury Use of proper tools & equipements

To use proper handling methods

8 Use of chemical a Inhalation (lung injury), absorption, digestion Toxic effects shall be prevented by displaying a suitable instruction
Suitable PPEs must be provided and worned
MSDS must be dispalyed & communicated to all concerned workers
Work area should be keep away from others
Careful selection of chemicals used - Substitute as much as
possible
hazardous products for non hazardous products (eg: use unloaded
point)
Ventilated area, trays
All the machinery involved should be regularly inspected and tagged

b Contact with machinery Injury
by competent person
Area should be cleared of all combustible substance and protected
Visual inspection of equipement before starting the shift
c Fire hazard Burn, explosion Fire watcher with fire extinguisher should be deputed
Fire fighting training
d Contact with chemical Skin cancer Suitable PPEs must be provided and worn as per MSDS
Pollution, inhalation of harmful substances, fire
explosion
Refer to the MSDS before operating
Job should be done by the competent person using chemical suit
with the mask facility
Exhaust fan should be provided if necessary
Work permit should be available with the MSDS at the permit holder
whenever required
All the precautions mentioned in the MSDS should be followed
Use all necessary PPEs as per the manufacturer's instruction
Eye wash system
Tools/Equipments cleaning
9 & chemical waste a Inhalation, absorption, digestion See point 8-A
management
All containers will be properly labelled
b Environmental impact Pollution Proper collectors design
c Spillage/Leakage Chemical reactions Suitable spillage kits shall be provided to contain any spillage
Implementation of a spill response plan
Visual check
d Improper disposal Chemical reactions (fire, explosion) Ensure proper disposal of waste
Provide suitable equipement for disposal
Waste should be removed regularly
e Unauthorized storage/access Inhalation, absorption, digestion See point 3

Chemical reactions (fire, explosion) Ensure location to be at safe distance from other work activities
Storage to be properly marked to avoid unauthorized entry
10 Emergency a Spillage/leakage Chemical reactions (fire, explosion) Emergency spill response plan
Inhalation, absorption, digestion Spill response team trained
Emergency kit (Absorbant, gloves, chemical suit, bags, empty
Pollution
drums, shovel)
Drill performed prior to operation
Back
2 - Concreting

Poor access & egress from
1 Plan & prepare a Road accident Signs & warning should be displayed
work area
Crushing injuries Access & egress control
Possible death Suitable circulation plan
b Unsecure traffic movements See point 1a Separate pedestrians from vehicles/plant

Damage to equipment Traffic control & signing to be installed
Vehicle off loading area to be set up
Road & plant wheels to be washed down on a regular basis
c Poor housekeeping Slip & trip Good housekeeping should be done

Cutting injuries Provide adequate storage area
Ensure general cleaning of site
Ensure that all materials are properly stacked
Unauthorised persons
d Physical injuries Securely fence work area
accessing work area
Possible death Display notices ie "No access to unauthorised persons"
e Lack of preparation Fatigue, stress Determine the quantities of materials required for the work
Pain Select the area or platform where the concrete will be mixed
Physical injuries Select areas for cement and water storage
Check that work site is ready for concreting
Check the condition of the constituents
Check that the tools are clean & in good condition (shovels, watering cans,
wheelbarrows…)
Use the right tool for the right job
f Tools in bad condition Physical injuries Provide steel reinforcement & formwork location
Reinforcement should be checked as required to reinforcement specification
Formwork components/materials are selected consistent with job
Check that the tools are clean and in good condition
See JSA 7 Ground disturbance

2
(excavation)
Before placing concrete, clean reinforcement of loose scale, dirt, grease & other
3 Placing reinforcement a Rebars collapse Crushing injuries
substances
Possible death Reinforcing bars will be cut & bent as required to specifications
Damage of equipment Reinforcing bars shall be as long as possible with a minimum number of joints
Reinforcing bars shall not have welded joints
Heating of reinforcement for bending shall be not permitted
Steel reinforcement shall not be bent or straightened in a manner that will injure the
material or the embedding materials
Reinforcement shall be tagged with suitable identification to facilitate sorting & placing
Accurately position, support & secure reinforcement against displacement by
formwork, concrete placement operations…
After placing, maintain bars in a clean condition until completely embedded in
concrete
Steel fixers should be trained & experienced
Close supervision should be ensured
4 Formwork installation a Collapse of the formwork installation Crushing injuries, possible death See JSA 10 Lifting
b Unadapted formwork Damage to equipment Work area is cleared
c Fall of material from height Use the right formwork for the right operation
Surface should be prepared for safe erection of formwork
Formwork should be assembled / erected in accordance with specifications
The form surfaces shall be smooth & free from irregularities, holes… that would
deface the finished surfaces
5 Concrete placing & compaction a Bad concrete placing Concrete splashes

Before placing concrete, inspect & complete formwork installation, reinforcing steel…
(tamping & vibrating) Damage to equipment Concrete should be placed as near to its final position as possible
During concrete, pump will be handled by competent & designated person
During concreting, elephant nose of pump will be handled by two workmen with tag
line
Failure of concrete compaction

b Reduction of concrete strengh Full compaction of concrete is vitally important to remove the entrapped air
(tamping & vibration)
Verify equipment before using it
Prolonged exposition to vibrating

c Hand arm vibration syndrom, hand injuries Use suitable low vibration equipements
equipement
Always use the right equipement for each job
Equipements should be properly maintained & repaired
Reduce the amount of time using an equipement in one go
Store equipement properly
d Chemical splashes from concrete Burns (Skin irritation) Suitable PPE shall be provided
All exposed skin shall be covered
Screen protection should be available (if possible)
Concrete being carried in skips
e overhead, pumped or by pre-mix Physical injuries Operation to be controlled by trained banksman
vehicle
Possible death All unnecessary persons to be removed from the immediate area
f Falling into uncured concrete Burns Keep area barriered securely

Drowning (asphyxiation) Signs should be displayed
Possible death
g Working with electrical tools Electrocution, fire See JSA 15 Tools & Equipments
Homemade tools shall not be used
Dangerous moving parts will be guarded
Wet down formwork & reinforcement before placing concrete to prevent leaching of
6 Concrete curing & protection a Loss of concrete strenght
Excessive moisture loss of concrete water from concrete
Immediately after placement, protect concrete from premature drying, excessively hot
Concrete cracks
or cold temperatures
Start curing operations as soon as possible after concrete has been placed
Continuity in curing is a must, alterations of wetting & drying promote the
development of cracking
Forms shall not be removed or disturbed until the concrete has attained sufficient
7 Strip formwork a Forms removed too early Collapse of the structure
strength to safely support all dead & live loads
Care shall be taken in form removal to avoid surface gouging, corner or edge
Concrete damage (loss of concrete strenght)
breakage, or other damage to the concrete
Edge boxing & braces are removed carefully, safely and sequentially
Damaged formwork components are discarded after stripping
8 Clean up a Work area not cleaned Slip & trip injuries Timber component are denailed, cleaned & stored or stacked
Work area is cleared & materials disposed of, reused or recycled in accordance with
legislation/code of practice/requirements
Plant, tools & equipment are cleaned, checked, maintained and stored in accordance
with manufacturers' recommendations & standard work practices
b Tools & equipment not cleaned Cutting injuries Tools & equipments cleaning & maintenance
Physical injuries Removal of dirt, dust, grease & oil
Repair/replacement of missing/damged parts
Sharpening & anti-rust treatments
Back
3 - Confined space

Good planning, risk assessment & JSA to the specific space to be entered
1 Preparation for entry a Unsafe atmosphere Asphyxiation
must be done
Previous work undertaken will be ascertained cleaning or venting carried
Burns, explosion
out respectively
Exhaust fan if necessary
Atmopshere testing to be carried out (explosion oxygen, toxic & carbon
monoxide)
No confined space work can start until tests should be done
b Unauthorized entry Possible fatal injury All personnel entering will be confined space trained and certificated
A permit to enter will be raised and all safety equipment will be available
Asphyxiation
prior to entry
Entry-exit log should be used
Stand-by person to be positionned
Restricted area
Safety signs should be displayed
Work carried out on confined

c Damage to equipement, fire Warnin signs to be erected
space
Asphyxiation, possible fatal injury Stand-by personnel to be positionned
All machinery & equipment emitting fumes will be positioned few meters
downwind away from confined space entry
Check the size of the entrance
No confined space work can start until confined space entry permit sould be
issued
Smoking is not allowed inside or close to a confined space
d Water in confined space Drowning, possible fatal injury Any water held within the confined space must be pumped out prior to entry
Persons will be removed from the confined space (if below ground) when
heavy rain is experienced IF necessary
2 Being in the confined space a Unsafe access Fall, strain Proper access shall be ensured
Possible fatal injury Access means shall be inspected prior to start work
Access shall be cleared of any kind of tripping hazards
b Unauthorized entry Fall, strain Entrance inside the confined space shall be restricted
Work permit system shall be restricly followed for any confined space
Possible fatal injury
activity
Asphyxiation Stand-by person while confined space is occupied
As less as possible workforce shall be deployed inside
c Restricted movement Physical injury Trolleys to be used for movement through confined space if necessary
Claustrophobia, Panic attacks Trolley to be inspected prior to entry if applicable
Personnel will be physically fit & confident in confined spaces
d Unsafe atmosphere Asphixiation Gas monitor will be carried by personnel at all times
Possible fatal injury Personnel will withdraw from the confined space on the sound of any alarm
Explosion proof equipment and tool will be used if necessary
e Emergency exit Fall, strain Stand by watchman shall be made available just outside the exit
Proper communication from outside to inside the confined space shall be
ensured
See point 5
Electrical illumination/
Before any kind of electrical installation the atmosphere inside the confined
3 equipment inside confined a Electrical spark, shock Burn, fire
space shall be checked by explosimeter
space
Any electrical connection for illumination or equipment shall be operated by
Electrocution, electrisation
24 volts electrical connection only
All electrical equipements & tools must have rain protection and should be
connected through ELCB (Electrical Leakage Circuit Breaker) & properly
earthed
Electrical connection appliances shall be inspected before the work
For illumination, 24 volts hand lamp shall be used
Check electrical condition & confirm that it is safe before re-energizing
Wireless set shall have different frequency for air lift operation & also other
4 Communication a No ways of communication Physical accident, possible death
frequency set will be switched off
Wireless set shall be used for communication
Physical accident, traffic accident, explosion, fire,

5 Emergency a Poor emergency response An emergency rescue plan should be in place
possible death
Drills must be done with monitoring of time response
Emergency siren shall be activated in case of problem
Emergency equipement should be available (rescue, rescucitation
equipement if necessary)
Rescuers must be trained
First aid procedures should be in place
Close supervision should be required
Stand by watchman shall be made available just outside the exit
Proper communication from outside to inside the confined space shall be
ensured
Back
4 - Diving

Suitable equipement wil be provided (diving mask, O2, supply hose, compressor,
1 Preparation for diving a Damaged diving equipment Drowning
scuba set, apron communication, fins, booty, newprence suite, underwater torch)
b Uncorrect diving equipment Possible fatal injury All the equipment must be inspected in daily basis by the diving supervisor
Each equipment modification, repair, test, maintenance service shall be recorded
c Poor preparation
by means of logging system
Visual inspection of all diving equipment before starting of diving activity
Work permit is to be taken before starting of diving activity
Good housekeeping is to be maintained in the diver cabin
Planning of a diving operation must be done (diving mode, conditions & hazards,
breathing gas supply, thermal protection, diving equipment & systems, training &
physical fitness, decompression and emergency procedures…)
Communication system must be in perfect order
Regular inspection of all diving equipment should be planned
Fall of diver while stepping down due

2 Diving a Drowning Proper access like vertical ladder shall be provided
to improper access to the water
Possible fatal injury Barriers will be installed around proper acess if necessary
Stand by diver to be deployed & a boat to be kept stand by while diving is in

b Diver may go unconscious Drowning
progress
Possible fatal injury Communication device must be used between the diver & diving supervisor
Diver name & rescue team must be displayed on the board
Electrician & compressor operator must be present in their appropriate place
Diving supervisor must be present while diving
Medical certificates for divers
Hold back kine must be installed on the diver harness
c Tugs or boats may enter diving area Crushing injuries Alpha diving flag must be hoisted during diving
Possible fatal injury Diver without diving apparatus are not allowed to go into the water
d Proper illumination Fall Adequate illumination will be ensured in night hours

Drowning
3 Diver breathing gas management a Fall of diver breathing gas Asphyxiation Adherence to approved procedures, diving methods & techniques
Possible fatal injury Suitable training should be ensured (chain of command…)
Provide a clear chain of command
Pre-dive checks completed
Back up communications
Dive plan in place & agreed prior to start of work
The diver gas should be monitored
4 Blowdown of divers a Pressure air blowdown Drowning Qualified trained experienced personnel
Possible fatal injury Use of approved procedures
PMS system in use
Use approved blowdown procedures
Use of checklist system
Analyse gases used
Appropriate gases used
Leak checks & continuous monitoring of blowdown
Stand by diver must be ready to dive immediately on the order of the diving
5 Emergency a Failure of diving equipement Drowning
supervisor
b Failure of diver Possible fatal death Emergency response plan should be in place
Emergency response team must be trained
Drills should be performed & monitored
Hold back line must be installed on the diver harness
Back
5 - Electrical

For loading the cable drums should be either by having ramp
1 Cable drum handling a Handling operations Cutting injuries
or cranes.
Crushing injuries Slings should be of adequate capacity
Pinching injuries Safe working load for the particular boom angle to be checked up
After loading the drums in to vehicle, proper wedges are to be
provided and to tied properly to avoid rolling
Before rolling the drum soil condition is to be checked up
While rolling the drums in slopes, wedges should be provided at
regular intervals to avoid drum picking up uncontrollable speed.
Persons handling the drums should be always behind/on the sides
of the drum & never in the front
Damaged cable drums shall be not used
Protruding nails on cable drums must be removed
2 Cable pulling a Lack of preparation Physical injuries The work operation should be planned
Before works begins, clearly mark the work areas to restrict access
Safety cones, tape or sign should be used
Identify clearly the pathway used (conduit, cable, tray…)
Provide suitable & examine all work tools to ensure they are in safe
working condition (e.g. handles of hand tools that could injure a
cable puller's hand…)
Remove warnings when work is complete
Carefully follow manufacturers' instructions when using potentially
dangerous mechanical equipement for cable-pulling such as cable
wheels, cable brakes, winches…
Risk assessement & tollbox meeting should be carried on
Supervision to routinely inspect work areas
Nails should be removed from cable drum using proper tools and
should be disposed immediately
competent person and HSE dept and tagged

b Failure of machinery Physical injuries
All workmen deployed shall have PPEs I.e., safety shoe, helmet,
Damage to equipement
safety goggle and dust mask, handgloves
Possible death Visual check before working
Overexertion (excessive
c Strucking injuries Provide suitable PPEs (adequate gloves..)
pushing, pulling, carrying…)
Cutting injuries Team coordination to share pulling forces equally
More personnel working together leads to less strain
Experienced & trained team should be operating
Use experienced personnel who know how to move a spool with
little manual force & work as a team
Investigate the use of a cable spool trailer that can be towed by a
vehicule
Good communications are needed to share the pulling equally &
avoid strains and back injuries
d Fall personnel/material Crushing injuries Fall protection should be provided

Barricade around work area
Provide suitable PPEs
Cable should be tied with suitable rope with double knot while lifting
or lowering from lower level to higher level
e Failure of housekeeping Trips Pick up pull strings or pull ropes immediately after use
Collect & dispose of removed sheath, wire scrap & pieces of cable
ties
Store tools, equipement and unused materials properly
Clean up the work area
Sufficient manpower should be deployed at wherever cable is
moving
3 Cable connection a Earthing failure Fash, electric shock Work without power
Grounding connections & wire should be adequately sized to
Sparks, fire
withstand the fault current
Use at all times the PPE needed
Use of correct identification signs
All personnel to be trained & experienced
Toolbox meeting & JSA
b Section of damaged cable Pinching injuries Gloves to be worn
Cutting injuries All personnel to be trained & experienced
Accidental contact with

4 Cable termination a Flash, electrical shock, sparking Rubber gloves must be worn
energized parts
Test & ground all equipement before performing any task
Permit to work should be in place
Warning signs
b Sharp edges Pinching injuries Wear leather gloves while terminating

Cutting injuries Visual check (pay attention) of cable condition
Damage to conductors being

c Cutting injuries, physical injuries Ensure proper tools are used to avoid damaging the conductors
terminated
Proper cordoning is to be done while high voltage test is carried out

5 Cable testing a Short circuit Flash, electrical shock, sparking
on cables
Ensure all men and materials are removed
Ensure through checking before carrying out high potential test,
access area should be restricted and suitable warning boards are to
be provided
Always use insulated tools
Lock out & try out if necessary
Test & ground all equipement before performing any task
Back
6 - Work environment

1 Heat conditions a Excessive heat Mild disorders Workers are medically fit to work in excessive heat
Burns Drinking water/Salt replacement
Heat exhaustion Avoid alcohol
Heat stroke Provide cool areas for rest
Reduce concentration Acclimatization program
Headache, nausea Suitable selection of clothing should be provided
Diziness to death Worker training / awareness
Suitable selection of PPE should be provided
Work at reasonable pace. Scheduled breaks should be planned
Plan strenuous activities for the coolest part of the day
2 Cold conditions a Excessive cold Hypothermia Workers are medically fit to work in excessive cold
Frosbite injuries Warm sweet drinks & soups should be arranged at the work
Provide hot drinks and regular breaks
Suitable selection of clothing should be provided
Footwear should be large enough to allow wearing either one thick or two thin pairs of
socks
Allow rest and warm-up breaks
Worker training / awareness
Learn the signs and symptoms of cold-induced injuries and illnesses
3 Noisy conditions a Excessive noise Tinnitus (ringing in the ears) Noise monitoring
b Prolongated exposure Fatigue Audiometric testing should be done regularly
Tension & nervousness Rotate workers out of noisy environments for part of their shift
Elevated blood pressure Enclosing noisy processes in sound absorbing materials
Hearing loss Suitable ear protectors should be used
Suitable PPEs should be worn
Worker training / awareness
4 Light conditions a Poor light Eye strain Check illuminance level is suitable
Fatigue, headache Provide local lighting
Fall from height, Trips Remove obstructions
Eye damage
Physical injuries
b Excessive light See point 4a Check illuminance level is suitable

Suitable protective glasses should be provided
5 Lightning conditions a Work during lightning Electrocution Stop all works at heights
Possible death Stop work on electrical systems
Do not operate any electrical devices
Avoid standing in any amount of water
Back
7 - Ground disturbance

BLASTING
All workers working nearby the drilling machine must wear dust
1 Drilling of holes a Dust Hazards / noise hazards Physical injuries mask, ear muffs & tight clothing. Water to be poured in the holes to
control the dust while drilling of holes
Proper approach up to the hole point to be made so that drilling
b Approach Damage to equipment, crushing injuries machine can come out after drilling completes and holes are ready
for charging
Drilling point to be located in such a way so as to avoid landslide
Land slide after blasting due to
c Physical injuries, possible death, fire, explosion after blasting. The face of rock should be carefully examined to
faulty location of holes
determine the possible presence of unfired explosive
Handling & storage of Hazards due to improper A van must stay parked till the order is given to go at site . The
2 a Physical injuries, possible death, fire, explosion
explosives handling i.e. explosion vehicle shall be prohibited to anywhere at site
The gelatins to be checked / examined visually before receiving.
b Hazards due to naked lights Physical injuries, possible death, fire, explosion Loading and unloading of explosives shall be done carefully by
trained staff & supervised by qualified personnel
Person handling explosives should not smoke and should not carry
match box / lighter / Light
The detonators are to be carried in approved wooden box with lock
and key
A minimum separation distance must be maintained between a store

c Improper storage Fire, explosion
and work site
Unauthorised access without permission
Measures to prevent the spreading of fires & the communication of
explosions from one location to another
Smoke, fire is strictly forbidden
Maintain a good housekeeping
Control, monitor the amount of explosives in storage area
Ensure that premises are suitable for a defined quantity of
²²²
explosives
Keep in a dry place, protect from the sunlight
Emergency plan should be in place
Drills should be performed
Fire detection & alarm if necessary
Hazards due to improper

After the holes has been drilled , all loose cutting must be removed
3 Charging of holes a handling of explosive from Physical injuries, possible death, fire, explosion
before starting the charging
vehicle to holes location
Hazards due to electronic
b All drilled holes must be plugged after each drill
signals
Cartridge should be inserted gently
All the connection must be checked by blasting engineer after
charging completion
No electronic items such as radio, mobile phone is allowed in
charging area and its vicinity
Suitable sign boards like " NO MOBILE PHONE ALLOWED " and "
CHARGING WORK ON PROGRESS " must be displayed before
starting the charging operation
Hazards due to the people /

A notice to be given to all site workers regarding the blasting
4 Blasting a Villagers coming in the blasting Physical injuries, possible death
operation
zone unknowingly
Guards to be deployed with whistle and red flags in north, south,
east, west corners and all approach roads
Guards to be deployed in corners with xxx meters clearance and
near the roads and after evacuation give clearance to the blasting
incharge
First siren (Long Siren) to be blown for x minute
After first siren the blasting incharge to get clearance from the
guards deployed
The second siren (e.g. two short siren of xx second each ) to be
blown after a gap of one minute
After one minute of second siren the blasting operation will be done
After xx minutes of the blasting the face inspection to be conducted

& x short sirens of x second each to be blown to give the clearance
for resuming the normal operation
To control the flying rock during blasting, charging factor must be
b Flying of rocks during blasting Physical injuries, possible death, fire, explosion
calculated carefully
Blasting operation must be performed from the clearance of
Damage to equipment
minimum xxx Meters
Attending the misfire ( If Hazards due to unfired

5 a Explosion Cordon off the area
Any) explosives in the holes
If fuse connection or electric detonator is traceable, trial to be taken
Physical injuries, possible death
for reblasting
Drilling / All activities to be suspended for the particular holes
If taking reblast is not possible, misfire explosives to be flushed out
by water jet
EXCAVATION
Underground installations that may be encountered during
1 Preparation of excavation a Lack of preparation excavation work must be located & marked prior to opening the
Crushing injury, physical injury, possible death excavation
Perform an initial JSA & toolbox meeting of the job prior to beginning
work
Nature of the ground should be checked before any operation
Barricades, walkways, lighting and signs must be provided as
necessary prior to start of excavation operations
Employees should be trained (periodic refresher training)
Only authorized, qualified person shall work inside the excavation
No person should work alone in the excavation alone
Hit injury by machine to

2 Digging operation a Excavator will be equipped with reverse horn
workers working near machine
Crushing injury, physical injury, possible death
Persons working around the machine should always face the
equipment
Plant operator should be competent
Try to keep workers separate from moving plant such as excavators
Hard barriers shall be provided around excavation. They will be at

b Failure of edge protection least 1.2m high and place at not less than x mtrs from the edge of
the excavation
Personnel or/equipment going

c Provide barricades
close to the edge of excavation
Caution boards indicating danger will be fixed at proper place
Proper slopping/shoring/edge protection should be done
Spoil heaps from excavation should be kept minimum 2 mtrs away
Damage to material, physical injury, possible from the excavation
death
A signal man shall be provided to control the traffic movement safely
& shall also have a banksman to control the safe movement of
excavator and dumpers near excavated area with reflecter jacket
All materials, tools, plant machinery and equipment should be kept

minimum x mtrs away
No one will enter an excavation unless it has been inspected and is
considered safe to do so by the competent person
Safe access should be provided
Appropriate PPE's must be worn
Asphyxiation, drowning, electrocution, possible

d Water accumulation Use of water removal equipment
death
Diversion ditches, dick or other suitable means will be used to
prevent surface water from entering the excavation
Proper drainage of any water
Underground live facilities such

Relevant drawings shall be reviewed to check if excavation
e as live electrical cables, live
interferes with any underground facility
telecom cables or live pipelines
If an excavator cuts or hits an underground live Location and depth of the undergournd facility shall be clearly
facility, these may result in: identified and location marked accordingly
- Property damage
If there is any suspicion underground facilities may be encountered,
- Personal injury or even fatality (by electrocution
supervisor shall check with the land owner for any;
or explosion)
- Environmental contamination through air Specific survey methods shall be employed (pipe/cable detectors,
releases or spillages hand dig bell-holes)
If underground facilities have been detected or exposed, hand
digging shall be employed to expose them completely before
employing mechanical shovels
PTW System shall be applied
structure (foundations, live piping structures,
metallic structures etc.), the following situations A banksman shall be present in the area at all times during
Neighbouring above ground
f may occur: excavation to guide the operator in order to keep a safe distance
structures.
- Property damage from the above ground structure
- Personal injury or even fatality (by explosion) PTW system shall be applied
- Environmental contamination through air
If people are inside the excavation while the
mechanical shovel is digging the excavation, this It is strictly forbidden for people to stay inside an excavation while a
g People in the excavation
may result in: mechanical shovel is digging it
- Multiple personal injuries or even fatality
No person should work alone in the excavation alone
Overhead power-line voltage and height shall be investigated and

h Overhead power-lines
the safe distance form the wires determined
Cutting, touching or getting to close to an Goal Posts and buntings shall be erected to physically mark the
overhead power line may result in: limits
- Property damage If safe distance cannot be maintained during work, the power-line
- Personal injury or even fatality by electrocution operator shall be contacted and power-line shall be shut down
throughout the duration of the work
If personnel or equipment are crossing an

Personnel or/equipment excavation, it may result in: A close planked bridge or walkway with standard guard rails on both
i
crossing the excavation - Property damage sides shall be provided
- Personal injury
Working inside deep Excavation in soft ground or

3 a There is a danger of excavation wall collapse 45° walls excavation shall be graded
excavation sand
which may result in:
- Multiple personal injuries or even fatality The distance between the pile excavated material and the edge of
the excavation shall not be less than x mtrs
Support systems such as shoring, bracing should be used to ensure
the stability of structures
Equipment going close to the If equipment are going close to the edge of a Hard barriers shall be provided around excavation at minimum x
b
edge of excavation deep excavation, the walls may collapse and it mtrs to keep the equipment at a safe distance
may result in: A warning system (barricades, mechanical signals, stop logs…)
- Property damage should be used when the person does not have a clear & direct view
- Multiple personal injuries or even fatalities of the edge of the excavation
Proper access and egress shall be provided (ladder) depending on

c Improper access or egress If access or egress in/from an excavation is not the depth
provided or is improper it may result in:
- Personal injuries Safe means of getting into and out of the excavations of more than x
mtrs depth shall be provided at intervals not greater than x mtrs
The objects may fall into the excavation resulting

in:
Equipment or tools parked at It is forbidden to park equipment or tools at the edge of an
d - Property damage
the edge of the excavation excavation
- Personal injury or even fatality if people are
working at the bottom of the excavation
Barriers shall be provided
Where there is reason to suspect oxygen deficiency or the presence

Hazardous atmosphere inside of a hazardous atmosphere in the excavation, gas test shall be
e
the excavation carried out by a competent person prior any personnel entering the
It may result in: excavation
- Fatality Atmospheric monitoring will be daily performed using a properly
calibrated direct reading instrument with audible & visual alarms if
neccessary
4 Emergency a Poor emergency response Crushing injury If necessary an emergency evacuation should be provided
Physical injury Emergency response plan should be in place
Possible death Emergency response team should be trained
Drills should be performed & monitored
Back
8 - Hot works

1 Preparation for hot works a Equipment failure Electrocution, fire, cutting injuries, physical injuries Visual inspection before operating
Regular inspection of equipment must be done
All equipment should be examined immediately before use
Only qualified personnel is allowed to undertake any hot work
operations
Colour coding should be applied (verification)
Ensure that all required equipment have anti flashback protection
b Lack of preparation Fire, electrocution, physical injuries Hot work permit

Work area marked off & protected
Remove potential flammable substances in work areas
Identify means of access & egress
JSA & toolbox meetings must be done before hot work operations
equipment used should be correctly isolated
Employees should be trained
Ventilation in work area
Ensure his material is in good condition and adequate for the work
to be done
Inspect area prior the beginning of the work
Ensure a safe workplace (housekeeping, well defined work area)
Check overall safe conditions prior to start
Smoking must be prohibited
Gas tests should be done prior to start
Fire, heat, burns, sparks, gases & fumes,

c Co-activity interaction Hot work permit must be established
projection of particles, light (eye injuries)
Inspect area prior the beginning of the work
Ensure his material is in good condition and adequate for the work
to be done
Hot work operations

2 (welding, grinding, cutting, a Excessive light Eye injury, loss of vision Use face shield, suitable black googles
sand blasting, sawing…)
No entry to unauthorized persons
High level of harmful

b Fire, explosion, intoxication, lung injuries Gas test should be done prior to start
gas/aerosol
Gas monitoring should be ensured (periodic gas test)
Suitable PPE should be provided
Warning notices should be in the workin area
Fire, explosion, burns, eye injuries, physical

c Projection of particles Suitable PPE should be provided
injuries
Control sparks & slags by the erection of protective screens
Remove combustible material
Equipment guards must be correctly fitted prior to start
d Excessive heat / hot surface Burns, loss of conscience Use right PPE (suitable gloves…)
Warning signs should be displayed
No entry to unauthorized persons (barricades…)
Remove combustible material
Spark proof hand tools shall be used if necessary
Permit to work shall be issued prior to start
Earthing failure / contact with

e Electrocution, flash, sparks, fire All machines should be grounded
energized parts
All machines shall be electrically connected through ELCB
Cable without any damage on insulation layer
Each tools should have an individual "on" & "off" control switch
Regular inspection should be done by competent person
Insulated gloves should be worn
Bad condition / failure of

f Cutting injuries, possible death Visual check
equipment parts
Regular inspection should be done by competent person
See JSA 15 Tools & equipments
Excessive noise from If necessary, ear plug shall be ensured for all workers working
g Ear damage, pain, deaf
equipment nearby
Inspections & maintenance should be regularly carried out by a
competent person
Hearing protection must be worn when using tolls generating a high
noise level
Insulate noise source as much as possible
Prolonged exposition to
h Hand arm vibration syndrom, hand injuries Use suitable low vibration equipments
vibrating equipment
Always use the right equipment for each job
equipments should be properly maintained & repaired
Reduce the amount of time using an equipment in one go
Store equipment properly
3 Emergency a Poor emergency response Projection of equipment parts, particles, gases… Emergency response plan should be in place
Burns Emergency response team should be trained
Electrocution Drills should be performed & monitored
Physical injuries Close supervision should be required
Possible death
Back
9 - Isolation

1 Preparation a Lack of preparation Projection of equipment parts, liquids, gases… Develop & implement a hazardous energy control program
Burns Inspect carefully and locate and identify all isolating devices
Electrocution Identify & label all hazardous energy sources
Physical injuries Describe safe work procedures
All employees working in an area requiring lockout/tagout procedures must be trained
Possible death
Training must include recognition of hazardous energy sources (type) & the methods
and means for isolation and control
Identify tasks that may expose personnel to hazardous energy
Make sure that only one key exists for each of your assigned locks
Display warning signs (hazardous conditions…)
Tollbox meetings & JSAs should be done
Procedures must require preplanning to determine where and how energy sources
can be disconnected to safely deenergize circuits and equipment that are to be
worked on
De-energizing Failure to completely de-energize,

2 (Cutback, purge a isolate, block and/or dissipate the See Point 1a Before beginning to work, verify energy isolation & de-energization operation
& inerting operation) hazardous energy source
Isolate, block and/or dissipate all hazardous sources of stored or residual energy
Block or dissipate stored energy (e.g. discharge capacitors, vent fluids, vent toxic or
flammable substances, release or block springs of mechanical parts under
compression or tension…)
Failure to lockout & tagout energy

b See Point 1a Identify & de-energize all sources of energy
control devices and isolation points
Establish lockout & tagout programs
Only one key for each lock the worker control
Each lock used to secure an energy control device be clearly labeled with durable
tags to identify the worker assigned to the lock
Make sure that the worker who installs a lock is the one who removes it after all works
has been completed
If work is not completed when the shift changes, workers arriving on shift should
apply their locks before departing workers remove their locks
Failure to verifiy that the hazardous

c See Point 1a Verifiy that all energy sources are de-energized before work begins
energy source was de-energized
The verification should ensure that all energy sources (including stored energy) are
controlled (de-energized, isolated, blocked and/or dissipated)
Appropriate testing equipment should be required as needed
3 Re-energizing a Uncorrect re-energizing See Point 1a Make sure that all persons are clear of danger before re-energizing the system
All employees leave the area
Inspect repair before reenergizing the equipment
Qualified persons to inspect completed installation, maintenance, service or repair
work
Re-energized equipment should be closely monitored for several operating cycles to
ensure that it is functioning correclty and safely
4 Emergency a Poor emergency response Projection of equipment parts, liquids, gases… Emergency response plan should be in place
Emergency response team should be trained
Burns
(first aid & cardiopulmonary resuscitation)
Electrocution Drills should be performed & monitored
Physical injuries Close supervision should be required
Possible death Fire fighting equipment should in place and checked on regularly basis
Back
10 - Lifting

Personnel not familiar with
1 Preparation for lifting a Physical injuries A risk assessment should be done
equipment/work content
Daily toolbox talks should be done prior to & periodically to identify

Damage to equipments clear definition & understanding of roles and responsibilities, their
specific task at each specific stage of the operation
Mechanical failure of lifting

b Damage to equipment Toolbox talks & JSA should be done
equipment
Inspect all (visual check) equipment prior to use (in doubt do not use
Physical injuries
it)
Possible death
The Mechanical condition of the lifting capacity of the equipment
should be inspected prior to lifting of materials
Verify the crane condition
Dropping load/Struck by falling

c Crushing injury Provide suitable PPE according to activity
objects
Possible death Check load of material to lift
d Overloading of lifting equipment Crushing injury Never exceding crane operating limits
Possible death Certified equipment with Safe Working Load (SWL) clearly indicated
The selection of lifting equipment, the weight of which must be
Damage to equipment
taken into account when assessing the load on the crane
Lifting operations should not take place unless the load chart is fixed
in the operator's cabin in a clearly visible location
The load chart must be available for the crane operator to verify that
the crane is not being overloaded
e Crushing of slings Damage of slings Visual check prior to using slings

Trapped fingers
Incorrect slinging (position of

f Damage to equipment Being aware of load weight & centre of gravity
slings)
Fall of material (crushing injuries, possible death)
g Improper lifting methods Damage to equipment A lifting plan should be done
Crushing injuries The crane to be positioned according to the schematic lifting plan
Only qualified personnel is allowed to undertake any lifting or

Possible death
hoisting operations
Close supervision if necessary to ensure that only safe
lifting/hoisting methods are carried out on work site
A signalman should be provided
Keep all body parts clear of rigging points
Secure tag lines to load - minimum 2
Erect barriers if necessary
Check communications (radios if used) prior to lift
Provide area located for placement of crane
Radio mandatory for blind lift
Adequate PPE's should be provided and worn
High winds restriction
Packing will be used to protect slings from sharp edges on the load
Ensure the suitability of ground condition (Factors that will affect the
h Poor ground condition Collapse of the equipment ability of the ground to provide adequate support as for eg presence
of water, backfilled ground, cavities…)
Crushing injuries Assess the environmental conditions at the site of the operation
Possible death
Damage to property
i Landing load Damage to equipment Check if area is clear

j Obstructed area Crushing injuries Prepare landing support prior to lift
Possible death Delimited work area & supervision
Incorrect slinging & position of
2 Slinging/Unslinging a Crushing injuries Certified equipment with Safe Working Load clearly indicated
sling
Damage to equipment Training & instructions
Load centre of gravity aligned with lifting line
Plan heavy lift
b Sling failure Dropped load Visual check

Damage to equipment Regular inspection of slings, shackles
Crushing injuries Ensure that all lifting slings are certified & without defects
Colour coding of the lifting material to show that it has been
approved
Packing will be used to protect slings from sharp edges on the load
Any damaged sling is removed
Slings are only used for defined operation
c Unsafe load Crushing injuries Experienced people

Damage to equipment Load must not be carried over people
Ensure that the weight is within the Safe Working Load limit
Weight repartition (sling protection against cutting, adjustable

slinging, maximum slings angle 90°…)
d Overload Damage to equipment Being aware of load weight & centre of gravity
Crushing injuries Safe working load tags displayed on any lifting equipment
Ensure that the weight is within the Safe Working Load limit
e Incorrect rigging Dropped load Choose the rigging equipment according to the weight of the load
Damage to equipment Made a proper slinging before start lifting operation

Crushing injuries Visual check
Regular inspection
f Incorrect unslinging Crushing injuries Support the load properly to avoid possible overturning of the load
Arm injuries Don't try to remove the slings lifting with the crane
Tackles should never be dropped from height
Only qualified personnel is allowed to undertake any lifting or

3 Lifting a Improper lifting methods Dropped loads
hoisting operations
Lifting surpervisor shall be overall responsible to ensure that only
Crushing injuries
safe lifting/hoisting methods are carried out in the work site
Crane operators has the right not to lift any loads which he deems to
Possible death
be unsafe despite orders given by the signalman
Damage to equipment Provide trained & competent signalman
Lifting plan should be done if necessary
Adequate precaution are taken to ensure equipment stability
Lifting within radius & safe working load

Test lift when centre of gravity is unknown
b Failure of lifting equipment Fall of hoisted loads Visual inspection before operating
Damage to equipment
Crushing injuries Regular inspection must be done
Possible death
Lifting equipment should be certified
c Failure of slings Fall of hoisted loads No sling should be overloaded

Damage to equipment
Crushing injuries No person shall walk, stand or work beneath suspended load
Possible death
Ropes and sling should be protected by providing over sharp edges

Slings are correctly sized & fixed
Operators shall ensure that all safety devices is in proper working

d Load sway
Fall of hoisted loads condition prior to the commencement of such activities
Damage to equipment
Crushing injuries Operators shall ensure that all hoisted loads traveled to other
Lifting equipment not kept in Possible death
e location or heights shall be within the stipulated Safe Working Load
equilibrium
limit of the equipment
Kept the equipment well balanced

All riggers shall monitor the load at all times & control the load with
tag lines
No person shall walk, stand or work beneath suspended load
Slinging should be carefully done so as to prevent the load from
slipping
Being aware of load weight & centre of gravity
Ground condition assessment should be done
Ensure that hook safety latch is fitted
Slings are correctly sized & fixed
4 Guide placing a Mechanical failure Crushing injuries Access to work area should be restricted
b Overloading of crane Possible death Use of tag line
c Breakage of slings Damage to equipment Radio mandatory for blind lift (+ spare radio)
d Load swinging The crane to be positioned according to the lifting plan
The mechanical condition of the crane, ropes, slings, shackles
e Incorrect lifting
to be inspected
Delimited work area & supervision
Provide a competent & trained signalman
Guide placing with worksmen's

f Pinching, crushing injuries All workers must wear hand gloves
hand
Physical injuries Avoid insertion limbs in the pinch points
Possible death Before quige placing ensure that the slots are free from obstructions
Use tag lines
5 Landing the load a Obstructed area Damage to equipment Use of tag line
Fall of hoisted loads Unessential personnel away from the load & landing area
b Load swinging Crushing injuries Prepare the landing area before lifting
Possible death Access to landing area should be restricted
No one work beneath the load
Load support should be in place before landing the load
6 Releasing of the hook a Incorrect climbing of scaffold Fall from height Climb facing the ladder
Physical injuries Keep the ladder slip free
Use hand gloves for better grip
Ensure that sling is completely tension free before trying to release

b Incorrect unslinging Hit back by sling
the grip
c Fall of material from height Crushing injuries Care fully remove the corter pin from the shackles
Make sure not to leave anything on the working platform
No one work beneath
Back
11 - Specific lifting

1 General lifting a See JSA 10 Lifting
Preparation of auxilary equipment

2 a Failure of auxilary equipment Crushing injuries All auxilary equipment should be inspected regularly
(vibratory hammer…)
Possible death Visual inspection should be done before using auxilary equipment
Damage to equipment All documentation should be available on site for inspection
b Failure of lifting equipment See point 2a Ropes, slings, cables, chains… must be inspected prior to use for signs of damage
Check the entire length of the slings for broken wire, core protusion & crushing
Never use a sling with defaults
3 Guide placing a Mechanical failure Crushing injuries Access to work area should be restricted
b Overloading of crane Possible death Use of tag line
c Breakage of slings Damage to equipment Radio mandatory for blind lift (+ spare radio)
d Load swinging The crane to be positioned according to the lifting plan
e Incorrect lifting The mechanical condition of the crane, ropes, slings, shackles to be inspected
Delimited work area & supervision
Provide a competent & trained signalman
Guide placing with worksmen's

f Pinching, crushing injuries All workers must wear hand gloves
hand
Physical injuries Avoid insertion limbs in the pinch points
Possible death Before quige placing ensure that the slots are free from obstructions
Use tag lines
4 Piling a See JSA 17 Piling

Back
12 - Manual handling & Storage
NO. BASIC STEPS HAZARDS POTENTIAL CONSEQUENCES

MANUAL HANDLING
1 Manual handling preparation a Lack of preparation Musculo-skeletal problems
Upper limb disorders
2 Manual handling a Unstability of the load See point 1a

Crushing injuries (foot…)
Frequency of load lifting /

b See point 1a
Load weight
c Sharp edges/corners Cutting injuries

Physical injuries (arm, hand…)
d Hot/cold materials Burning injuries

Physical injuries
Crushing injuries
e Heavy/bulky load See point 1a
Slip & trip
STORAGE
1 Storage preparation a Lack of preparation Spillage
Inhalation of harmful gas
Fire, explosion
2 Storage a Excessive temperature Fire, explosion
b Poor ventilation Harmful gases

Fire, explosion
c Lighting or electrical equipment Fire, explosion
d Proximity with ignition sources Fire, explosion
3 Transfer of products for use a Spills, leakage of product Soil contamination

Fire, explosion
Inhalation of harmful substances
Burns (skin irritation)
b Projection of product Burns (skin, eye irritation)
c See Manual handling
Poor condition of the temporary

4 Temporary storage a Fire, explosion
storage
Crushing injuries by falling products
b See Manual handling
5 Emergency a Spillage of products Contamination

Inhalation of harmful vapors
Fire, explosion
b Poor emergency response Fire, explosion

Contamination
ndling & Storage
PREVENTIVE MEASURES ACTION BY

HANDLING
Assess the task
Assess the load (weight, sape, size, load, stability, contents…)
Assess the environment (Space constraints, levels, temperature, ventilation,
general housekeeping…)
Assess the individual capacity (fitness, strength…)
Plan the workflow to eliminate unnecessary lifts
Plan the route
Organize the work so that the physical demands and work pace increase
gradually
Use mechanical devices (e.g.lifts, hoists…) whenever possible
Minimize the distances loads are lifted & lowered
Improve task layout (ensure optimum position for storing loads…)
Improve the work routine (e.g. minimise the need for fixed postures,
reduce the frequency of handling loads…)
Provide information & appropriate training on the manual handling operation
Fit the operation to the worker
Arrange to have material off-loaded directly onto storage shelves
Store only lightweight or infrequently lifted items on the floor
Clear spaces to improve access to materials being handled
Test the load for stability and weight before carrying the load
Make the load smaller or easier to manage
Suitable PPE should be worn
Make the load easier to grasp by providing handles or handgrips
Particular attention to the condition & the nature of the floor surface
Minimize the distances loads are lifted & lowered
Make the load lighter by breaking donw loads

Improve the work routine (e.g. minimise the need for fixed postures,
reduce the frequency of handling loads…)
Rotating workers in lifting tasks with other workers in non-lifting tasks
The load should be less damaging to hold

Sharp edges should be avoided by effective packaging of objects,
where possible
Hot or cold materials should reach a reasonable temperature before handling,

if possible
Adequate insulate containers of hot or cold materials should be provided
Tag the load to alert workers
Make the load smaller or easier to manage

Use mechanical devices (e.g.lifts, hoists…) whenever possible
Use team lifting as a temporary measure for heavy or bulky objects
Tag the load to alert workers
RAGE
Ensure the area is suitable for the purpose
Prepare a list of all products in storage area
MSDS of stored products shall be kept
Incompatible products should be segregated to prevent risks arising from contact or
mixing
Dangerous products should be kept separate from people or property at or beyond
the boundaries of the premises
Provide the storage area with adequate natural or mechanical ventilation sufficient to
prevent generation of a flammable or harmful atmoshpere
Ensure suitable personal protective equipment is used
Keep storage and handling areas free from of combustible material
Assess risks by rewiewing the MSDS for each products
Try to minimise quantities kept at any one time
Keep out of full sunlight if required

Check the storage temperatures required (eg consult the MSDS) & keep all products
within the temperature range specified
Follow the MSDS & label instructions on handling & storage
Provide adequate or natural ventilation

Regular monitoring of gas levels before access
Control ignition sources

Use suitable electrical equipment
Identifying hazardous areas

Identifying ignition sources
Controlling ignition sources (eg suitable electrical equipment)
Restrictions on possession of ignition sources
Ventilation & control of atmosphere
Regulation cleaning, maintenance & inspection
Provide suitable firefighting equipment
The transfer place should be set aside for the purpose

The place should be free of obstructions with sufficient space
Provide spill containment if required
The transfer should be done in a manner that minimises the generation of any
vapours or dusts, and avoids splashing or spillage
Suitable PPE shall be provided
Ensure no ignition sources are nearby
The transfer package may need to be labelled
Provide suitable training
Keep equipment and materials for clean up including absorbent material, neutralising
or decontaminating material
Contaminated or spilt dangerous products should not be returned to their original
packaging

Safety showers & eye wash facilities
Specific area should be defined

Access should be restricted
Display suitable signs & warning
Available equipment for containment & clean-up of spills and leakages
Incompatible products should be segregated
Suitable PPE should be provided to personnel in the area
Fire protection, spill materials should be available
Products stored should not stay more than xx days
Control ignition sources
Materials for localising, controlling and cleaning up spills or leakages should be
readily available
Reduce the quantity stored

Suitable time storage before elimination
Engineering controls
Provide spill containement
A spill response plan should be in place
Emergency response plan should be in place

Drills must be performed
Suitable fire protection & fire fighting equipment should be in place
Back
13 - Marine works

1 Diving operations See JSA Diving
2 Work on barges a Various general hazards

(See appropriated JSA)
3 Working over or near water a Working at height Fall from height
Drowning
Possible death
b Accidental fall in the sea Drowning
Immersion hypothermia
Possible death
4 Zodiac operations a Overloading, manoeuvring problems Physical injuries

b Engine failure Drowning
c Zodiac sinks Damage to equipment
d Dropped load
5 Dredging & disposal a Accidental fall into the water Slip & trip
b Crane operations Crushing injuries e.g.due to falling objects
c Working with high pressure lines Loss of hearing
d Excessive noise Drowning
6 Drilling piles over water a Accidental fall into the water Crushing injuries
b Working in adverse conditions Loss of hearing
c Handling of materials Physical injuries
7 Emergency a Poor emergency response Drowning

Fire
Fall from height
Possible death
ine works
Daily checklist covering the main following categories:

Availability of valid gate pass
Suitable PPEs should be provided
Emergency equipment, emergency boat, communication
Fire equipments
Authorized personnel
Environmental issues
Diesel & gas cylinders storage areas
Waste disposal
Lifting tools & tackles
All scaffolding/suspended scaffold for use over or near water must be erected only by
qualified scaffold erectors
All scaffolding shall be inspected by a qualified person once every xx days and after
any scaffold modification
All scaffold erected shall comply with the regulations & installed with guard rails and
toe boards
All workers working near or over water shall wear safety harness & work vest during
work
Rescue equipment such as life buoys with life lines shall be provided for rescue
purposes
All workers working near or over water shall wear safety harness & work vest during
work
Rescue equipment such as life buoys with life lines shall be provided for rescue
purposes
All rescue boats and personnel shall undergo premobilization checks
Give permission to launch

Ensure suitalble weather conditions set (including visibility)
Dedicated person to observe launch, position & recovery
Check the radio communication
Procedure for lifting the Zodiac withe the crane should be done
One person on barge or jetty to assist pesonnel while boarding
Maximum boarding x persons
Mandatory lifejackets with light & whistle
Everybody to be seated while in Zodiac
Ensure "dead man" switch is used on all transits
Engine should be properly maintained
Safety equipment checklist should be provided & used
Regular inspection should be done
Repairs before using the zodiac
Maintenance operations should be recorded
Rigging & cranes should be daily inspected

Rigging plan & lift plan should be submitted prior to performing any critical operation
Swing radius of cranes should be barricaded
Ladders, gangway or other means of egress should be available at all times
Gangway or ladder should be used tor the transfer of personnel
Provide portable navigation warning lights on barges
Smoking should be prohibited
All exhaust on machinery should be properly guarded
Provide suitable hearing protection
Stopping work procedure (e.g. due to weather) should be established
All walkways should be kept well maintained, a good housekeeping should be
provided
One designated person should manage the operation with radio communication
All lifting gears should be inspected before each use
One designated person should give signals to the crane operator with radio
communication
The area should be under close supervision
Provide radios, inspection before each use

Emergency response plan should be established and communicated
Drills must be perfomed on a regular basis
Provide rescue boats, buoys…
Fire fighting equipment should be available
Back
14 - Mechanical test

1 Preparatory work a Wrong preparation Strucking injuries
Physical injuries
Damage to equipment
Damage to property
Flushing equipment failure (temporary

2 Preparing flushing equipment a pump, electrical supplies, valves, Damage to property
hoses…)
Electrocution
3 Flushing the line a Flushing failure Electrocution

Trip & fall
Test/Drying equipment failure

4 Preparation test/drying equipment a (temporary pump, electrical supplies, Damage to property
valves, hoses…)
Electrocution
5 Prepare the test site a Lack of preparation Trip & fall

Physical injuries
6 Set up the test equipment a Wrong methode of work Trip & fall
b Wrong connection Physical injuries
Over or under tightening of temporary
c
connections / joints
Uncontrolled pressure failure /
7 Pressurizing the system a Damage to equipment
release
Physical injuries
8 Checking the system for leak a Gauge failure Damage to equipment

b Pipe work failure Uncontrolled pressure failure / release
c Missed joint test Physical injuries
Failure to impose safe distance for

d Physical injuries
working onboard during leak testing
Repair the system (when Repairing the system while it is under

9 a Hearing loss
necessary) pressure
Physical injuries
Damage to equipment
Damage to property
10 De-pressurizing the system a De-pressurisation failure System remains at pressure

b Gas venting noise Hearing loss
Physical injuries
Damage to equipment
Damage to property
Draining the water from the

11 a Work area flood or wet with water Collapse of equipment / system
system (for hydrotest)
Electrocution
12 Pack up the test equipment a Wrong method of work Physical injuries
b Improper manual handling Trip & fall
13 Emergency a Improper emergency response Physical injuries

Damage to property
Damage to equipment
anical test

All persons who work on a pressure test shall be informed of the potential hazards &
the necessary safety precautions
Work
No permit shall
pressure beshall
testing issued
be prior to commencement
performed of any pressure
without prior receipt testing pressure
of an approved
testing procedure
Barriacades, barrier tape & warning signs shall be installed in areas of pressure
testing
Ensure the test equipment are checked for approved types, correct size and correct
functioning
Obtain the necessary certificate / specification report of the test equipment
Ensure regular inspection
Visual check prior to starting the job
Ensure proper drainage arrangement is made prior to flushing the line

Ensure proper access and working platform are available
Ensure the use of proper PPE
Conduct pre-job briefing
Ensure the test equipment are checked for approved types, correct size and correct
functioning
Obtain the necessary certificate / specification report of the test equipment
Ensure the relief valves are set to release at 10% above the test pressure
Ensure the pressure recorder is correctly set in relation to the test pressure
Ensure correct recording chart is used on the pressure recorder
Identify and remove items that may cause unnecessary obstruction to movement of
personnel
Cordon off the test area and display warning signs at prominent location
Ensure the test equipment are set up as per test procedure for hydrotest / pneumatic
leak test
Ensure proper access & working platform are available
Display warning signs on the test pack (pipes) at every x m interval

Ensure the test equipment are positioned at proper location
Ensure proper tightening of all temporary connections / joints
Ensure the hoses / tubes are properly laid & protected
Conduct pre job briefing
Ensure that the test is carried out as per test procedure hydrotest / pneumatic leak
test
Ensure the test is carried out in step and pressurized by increment of maximum 25%
of test pressure
Only competent authorized person is to carry out the test
Ensure no impact is applied to the test equipment and the system
Ensure all temporary pipes are secured
Ensure no over-pressurizing of pipes
Ensure only correct blinds are used
Ensure 2 gauge (min) to be used for testing
Pneumatic leak test is to be carried out in silence hours or with minimum barricade if
necessary
Conduct pre-job briefing for all third party personnel

Adopt safe position when checking / inspecting the system
Ensure no line inspection is carried out while the pressure is being increased
Ensure the pressure is closely monitored and that no over-pressure due to thermal
expansion
Only in date certified equipment should be used
Safety distance guideline should be issued prior to start

Barricades distance from system should be applied if necessary
Safety team to enforce the barricades guidelines
Ensure that the system is de-pressurized prior to any repair as per test procedure

Ensure that the system is de-pressurized as per test procedure for hydrotest /
pneumatic leak test
Adopt safe position when de-pressurizing the system
Ensure the pressure is released at a controlled rate (for pneumatic leak test)
Personnel must be present at all time during testing
All instrumentation should be inspected / calibrated
Access to area restricted
Noise assessment to be carried out
Ensure proper drainage arrangement is made prior to draining of the water

Ensure the sufficient vent is provided prior to the draining of the water
Ensure the following if compressed air is used as assisting medium to drain
the water :
. Compressed air pressure is less than 6 bars
. Compressed air lines must be in good condition & properly lay
· To adopt safe position
Ensure safe work methods are applied

Ensure the hoses / tubes are properly kept
Cordon off the test area
Remove barrication & signage's once demobilize
Emergency response plan should be done

Rescue equipment must be available
Back
15 - Tools & equipments

1 Preparation a Impoper/unsafe use Broken bones & buises from tools that slip, fall
Eye injuries from flying
Cutting injuries
Puncture wounds
2 Mobile equipment a Working around mobile equipment Crushing injuries

b Defective maintenance Serious injuries
Possible death
3 Hand tools a Defective maintenance Cuts

b Unappropriate tool used Punctures
Fractures
Eye injuries
4 Power tools a Accidental start-up Eye injuries

b Slipping or losing one's balance Hearing
c Power cable failure Electrocution, burning injuries
d Electrical contact Fire
5 Hydraulic power tools a Leak, crack in the hose Burning injuries
Projection of hydraulic fluids
Fire
Hit by uncontrolable hose
6 Pneumatic power tools a Noisy tools Loss of hearing

b Leak, crack in the hose Projection particles
Hit by uncontrolable hose
7 Powder actuated tools a Unadapted powder Inhalation (lung injuries, cancer)

Damage to equipment
8 Liquidfuel tools a Fuel vapors Fire

Dangerous exhaust fumes
b Explosion
(e.g. CO)
Inhalation (lung injuries, cancer…)

Asphixiation
Possible death
ments

Use the right tool/equipment for the right job
Choose tools with the best design
Employees must have both hands free while climbing or descending
Moving parts of machinery equipment must be guarded
Equipment & tools must be examined before use
Regular inspection by competent person should be done
Keep all tools in good condition
Operate according to the manufacturer's instructions
Provide & use the right protective equipment
Maintain working areas free of clutter (proper work surface)
Test tools each day to be sure safety devices are functioning
Trained workers
Homemade tools shall not be used
Only competent person should make repairs & carry out maintenance checks
Know equipment safety features (operate & use them properly)

Reduce backing whenever possible
Regular inspection of equipment
A safe operating speed should be maintained
Strictly follow & obey safety rules
Look for people on foot around
Know where blind spot are
High visibility clothes should be worn
Dangerous moving parts of equipment will be guarded
See point 1a
Unsafe hand tools must not be used
Use appropriate tool for the task
Practice job & work area housekeeping
Keep cutting tools sharp
If required use spark resistant tools made from brass or aluminuim
See point 1a
Tool has proper guards
Switch off before connecting them to a power supply
Regular inspection
Keep power cable away from heat, water, sharp edges or moving parts
Store tools in a dry and secure location when they are not being used
Cleaning surfaces or removing dust… should be done by mechanical means
(brush, broom)
Do not leave a running tool unattended
Electric tools should be operated within their design limitations
Tools must either have a three wire cord with ground or be double insulated
Keep eyes on work activity
Proper earthing
Electrical portable equipment shall be connected through 30 ELCB only
See point 1a
The fluid used in hydraulic power tools must be approved, fire resistant fluid
Strictly follow manufacturer's recommendation
Inspect jack before use it
Use the jack with the correct weight capacity for the job
The jack should have a safety mechanism
Lubricate and inspect jacks regularly
Do not exceed the stop limit for jacks
See point 1a
Eye protection & face protection, ear protection are required
Screens must be set up to protect nearby workers from being struck by flying
fragments
Tools should never be pointed toward anyone
Ensure the air hose is securely fastened to the connector
Keep air hoses away from sharp edges or moving parts
As much as possible, use tools with reduced noise level
See point 1a
Limit the number of workers in the work area to those that are directly involved in the
work
Select a powder that will do the work without excessive force
Avoid using powder actuated tools on easily penetrated materials
Specially trained workers
See point 1a
Before the tank of tool is refilled the worker must shut the engine down & allow it to
cool
Effective ventilation or suitable PPE is necessary to avoid breathing carbon monoxide

Training on tool safety, fuel safety
An appropriate fire extinguisher should be available
Tools must be be kept in good operating condition
Spark plugs, wire connection, mufflers should also be inspected
Back
16 - Painting

1 Surface preparation a Uncorrect preparation Physical injuries Visual inspection before operating
(Sandpapering, cleaning) Damage to equipment
A risk assessment should be done
All workmen deployed shall have PPEs i.e., safety shoe, helmet,
safety goggle and dust mask, handgloves
Projection during Inhalation of harmful substances, eye, skin Proper PPE’s shall be provided to deployed works men (Hand
b
sandpapering/cleaning injuries gloves, nose mask, safety goggles)
Noise generation due to

c operation with grinding & Ear injuries, pain Wear hearing protection when working with air powered tools
sanding equipment
PVC hand gloves should be provided for handling of paints & should
2 Paint preparation a Skin contact during paint mixing Skin cancer
not directly come in contact with gloves while mixing
Don't mix paints with other substances without approval.
Precautions shall strictly be taken during paint mixing according to
MSDS
Contain and clean up any spills immediately, according to MSDS
and supervisor's instructions
Check labels of all chemicals and MSDS's for ingredients, hazard,
protective procedures and PPE
Direct contact during powder

b Skin, eye & irritation Job should be done by experienced person
mixing
Mask, handgloves & goggles should be provided for excessive
inhalation control the irritation hazard
Contact with chemical vapors Inhalation, ingestion

3 Painting a No unauthorized personnel are allowed in the painting zone
from painting operation Lung injuries
Skin irritation Suitable PPE shall be worn (Safety Helmets, gloves, Safety boots,
Cancers goggles, Hearing protection and Respiratory Equipment)
Painting area shall be isolated
Know where the MSDS book is kept and how to read an MSDS.
Provide formation/information to workers
Precautions shall strictly be taken during painting according to
MSDS
Working with flammable

b Fire, explosion Adequate fire extinguishers shall be placed near the working area
products
Painting area shall be isolated
All electrical appliances installed shall be flame and explosion proof
(if required)
Know where the MSDS book is kept and how to read an MSDS.
Provide formation/information to workers
Precautions shall strictly be taken during painting according to
MSDS
Area should be cleared of all combustible substances and
protected. Fire watcher with fire extinguisher should be deputed
Suitable portable fire extinguishers shall be available in close
proximity to the painting area if required
Painting area shall be cordoned off with barricade tapes with safety
signs stating that "no hot work" is to be put up
Contain and clean up any spills immediately, according to MSDS

c Paint spillage Environmental pollution
and supervisor's instructions
Suitable absorbent materials (absorbant, gloves, bags) shall be
used to absorb the spillage
Material should be disposed off properly
Spill response plan should be in place
Drills should be performed regularly
4 Emergency a Spillage/leakage Chemical reactions (fire, explosion) Emergency spill response plan
Inhalation, absorption, digestion Emergency kit (Absorbant, gloves, bags)
Pollution Drill performed prior to operation
Back
17 - Piling

1 - COMMON OPERATIONS
1 Setting out the work area a Unappropriate storage space Crushing injuries Provide a safe site access & egress for piling plant
Operation close to underground
b Electrocution, spark Any necessary permits should be obtained before starting the job
services
c Procedure failure Physical injuries A permit to dig should be required to commence piling operations
Damage to equipment Provide appropriate space to store reinforcement bar, fabricate cages…
Damage to property Overhead & underground services must be identified
Assess the ground condition (contamination…)
The space required varies according to the size & nature of the piling plant and
the technique to be carried out
2 Pile/Sheet pile driving a Bad road condition Traffic accident See JSA 23 Transport
b Overloading Crushing injuries Appropriate PPE should be provided
c Operating equipment failure Possible death Workers on foot must use extreme caution to stay clear of operating equipment
d Fall of materials (pile/sheet pile) Damage to equipment Be aware of loose materials, excavation drop-off
Keep separate walk spaces and work areas if possible
Proper lifting techniques shall be used . Get help or use mechanicals aids if
necessary
Always establish eye contact with operators before approching equipment
e Swaying of the sheet due to wind Crushing injuries Suspended loads are to be restrained from uncontrolled movement by tag lines
Possible death No one should be in the swing area
Operations should be restricted in case of high wind
f Failure of lifting tools Crushing injuries All lifting tools must be free from defects
Possible death All lifting tools should be checked periodically
g Failure of the hammer grip Crushing injuries Hydraulic system should be checked periodically
Possible death
3 Refer to PILE Section
4 Refer to SHEET PILE Section
5 Guide placing a See JSA 11 Specific lifting
6 Pile load test a Overloading Damage to equipment (collapse of the structure) Standard testing equipment and loading procedures should be used
Crushing injuries The maximum test load to be applied must be agreed in advance
Monitoring of the load
c Poor housekeeping Slip & trip injuries The area surrounding the test pile must be cleared of pile spoil, slurry and rubbish
Damage to equipment (collapse of the structure)
d Unauthorized persons on test area Crushing injuries The test area must be forbidden to unauthorized persons
Possible death Close supervision should be ensured
2 - PILE
Manual handling aspects to
1 Pile drilling a Cutting, crushing injuries Auger fitted with appropriate head
changing auger heads
Arm, hand injuries Auger drilled into ground to required depth
b Contaminated land hazards Inhalation, intoxication Suitable PPE shall be worn

Burns, skin irritation Review MSDS for all hazardous materials being expected to be encountered
Cancers
2 Breaking the pile down a Vibration & noise exposure Hand arm vibration syndrom (white finger) Try to remove the need to break down the pile tops
Loss of hearing Suitable PPE shall be worn
Pain, headache Ensure that all personnel wear ear protection
Use of attenuated machinery
Provision of acoustic barriers
Use of smaller machinery to lessen vibration
All piling plant will be fitted with efficient engine silencers
Engines wil be switched off when not in use
Vibration monitoring
Use the right machine and piling techniques
3 Rebar & concrete poured a Contact with cement Dermatisis Concrete poured down hollow core
Excess concrete should not be removed by hand. Get help or use mechanicals
aids if necessary
Manual handling hazards in placing

b Crushing injuries Steel reinforcement cage pushed into wet concrete
rebar cage along with cement
Back injuries Suitable gloves should be worn
Use mechanical equipment (See JSA 15 Tools & equipments)
Be aware of pinch points & crushing hazards
Formwork for pile cape/capping See JSA 15 Tools (Section Use of

4 a
beam power tools)
3 - SHEET PILE
1 Sheet pile cutting/welding a See JSA Hot works
Sheet pile vibration Major hand arm & whole body

2 a Hand arm vibration syndrom (white finger) Hammer drop can be reduced to reduce overall vibration levels
(vibratory hammer) vibration
Vibration monitoring
Select the right vibratory hammer for a given job
b Excessive noise Loss of hearing Use the right machine and piling techniques
Deaf Use of attenuated machinery
Pain, headache Provision of acoustic barriers
Use of smaller machinery to lessen vibration
All piling plant will be fitted with efficient engine silencers
Engines wil be switched off when not in use
Suitable PPE shall be worn
Ensure that all personnel wear ear protection
Use of water by using only the bare minimum to avoid high level of dust
c Work in dusty environment Inhalation of harmful particles
production
Lung injuries Suitable PPE should be provided
d Manual handling operations Crushing injuries Suitable gloves should be worn

Back injuries Use mechanical equipment (See JSA 15 Tools & equipments)
Be aware of pinch points & crushing hazards
Back
18 - Piping

1 Loading/unloading, lifting of pipes a See JSA 10 Lifting
2 Pipe cutting a See JSA 8 Hot works
3 Pipe support a Defective support Crushing injury due to pipe movement Ensure appropriate support is used
Limb injury Visual check of the support
Possible death Regularly inspection of support by competent person
Damage to equipment
4 Pipe stabilisation a Unstable ground See point 3a Use the appropriate support
b Heavy weight of pipe Check the ground condition & parameter (slope…)
Monitor weather conditions
Specific method statement should be issued
Support should be put on stabilized ground
Pipes must have fit-for-purpose anchors and lateral constraints
5 Pipe welding a See JSA 8 Hot works
6 Welding passivation a See JSA 1 Chemical
7 Welding verification a See JSA 20 Radiography
8 Isolation a See JSA 9 Isolation

Back
19 - Quarry

1 Transport of rocks a See JSA 23 Transport
Poor planning to dewatering A comprhensive assessment of the potentila environmental impacts of dewatering
2 Dewatering a Local flooding
operations operatiions should be undertaken
Contamination Determine the quality of water to be discharged
Assess the need of dewater treatment e.g. biological stabilisation, pH, chemical
Soil erosion
floculation or filtration…
Assess the receiving environment before dewatering including seasonal variability of
water flow and quality
Use suitable dewatering methods
Poor conditions of the dewater

b Contamination of soil De water disposal options :
discharge
Recycling option is suitable for re use e.g. for dust control, cooling water systems,
Contamination of water sources
maintenance of vegetation…
Soil erosion Recharge of local groundwater
Local flooding De water use off site
Nuisance to local community (odours…) Irrigation of vegetated land
Discharge to nearby surface water
c Excessive water speed See point 2b Dewater discharge rate continuously metered
Water leakage shall be prevented
See point 2a
Physical parameters (turbidity…), biological & chemical parameters should be

d Contaminated water See point 2b
monitored on regular basis
Dewater treatment should be provided & done before discharge to the environement
Use of electrical equipments

e Electrocution Use the right equipment for the right job
(e.g. dewatering pump)
Short circuiting of the equipment Make sure that the equipment is tested for ground
The electrical equipment supply circuit should have cricuit braker of proper capacity or
fuses
The equipment should be correclty insulated
3 Rock crushing a Equipment blockage Physical injuries Use of hydraulic hammers to break up blockages
Possible death Careful attention must be paid to guarding dangerous parts of the equipment
b Excessive noise level Hearing damage Noise insulated control cabins should be provided if necessary
Use of hydraulic hammers to break up blockages & providing noise insulated control
Possible deaf cabins which also have mechanical ventilation systems designed to remove any
harmful dust
c Excessive dust level Lung injury A mechanical exctraction systems should be provided if necessary
Where measures taken to control airborne dust are insufficient, then suitable
respiratory equipment should be provided & worn
Other protective equipment, such as eye protection, overalls & gloves should be
utilised
Never allow use of compressed air for removing dust from clothing
Check that filters seatings are in good condition
Keep records of all examination & tests
The cabins should also be provided with vibration damping devices to isolate them
d Excessive vibration level Physical injuries
from any harmful vibration
Back pain
4 Screening operations a Excessive dust level Lung injury Regular air sampling
Health surveillance is usually needed
Suitable PPE must be worn
Keep the emission sources as low as possible
Never allow use of compressed air for removing dust from clothing
b Excessive noise level Hearing damage Provide & ensure the wearing of suitable hearing protection
Possible deaf Reduce noise by enclosing noisy plant where possible
Vibration hazards should be reduced by installing equipment on vibration dampening

c Excessive vibration level
bushings
Safety glasses with side shields should also be used to help prevent eye injuries from
d Projection of particles Eye injuries
projectiles during operation of soil sizing and screening equipment
Working at height during During maintenance work care must be taken to ensure that adequate temporary
e Fall from height
maintenance, dismantling operations working platforms are provided
Physical injuries Suitable PPE must be provided & worn

Possible death Use of mechanical equipment to break up blockages, try to avoid manual means
Back
20 - Radiography

1 Preparation a Lack of preparation Skin burns A competent person will check the area prior to start up
Hair loss Permit must be obtained before starting the work
Blood cells destruction Radiography notification should be issued 24 hrs in advance
Cancers Assessment of a safe distance
Genetic mutation Barricade & all means of warning signs in place (flashing lights during the night)
Communication facilities shoud be provided
Personal radiation film/dosimeter (TLD) should be worn
Unclassified personnel not required in testing area
Use logs to define the description of each source of radiation or storage container,
identity of the radiographer & locations where used & dates of use
The radiation level at the barricade area must be regularly monitored & documented
Movement of source container in/out of its storage container must be monitored with
2 Storage a Improper storage See point 1a
intrinsically safe radiation monitor to verify absence of any leakage
Only qualified personnel are to remove the source from its storage container
Storage area must be locked
Sources must be sealed
Radiation monitoring should be regularly done
The storage area should be barricaded
Radiation signs must be fixed to the barriers of all storage areas
b Fire in the storage area Explosion A competent person must be notified immediately
Radiation exposure (See Point 1a) Source storage container must be re-located to a safe place
Suitable separation distances from other buildings should be provided
Smoking is prohibited
3 Transport a Improper transportation See Point 1a Ensure source is stored with a lock security system before transportation to site
Source movement register must be kept in the X-Ray room at all times
Transport plan should be established if necessary
The equipment should not be transported in an assembled or open condition
The competent person must be informed as well as the workers giving & details of the
b Container gives high reading See Point 1a
storage container
Source must be checked daily by competent person
c Theft/Loss of source Radiation exposure (See Point 1a) Immediate search must be instigated using whatever radiation detector is available
4 Radiography a Incorrect handling See Point 1a Only competent person should work with radioactive equipment
(X-Rays) Make sure that the person wear a valid TLD or radiation film
Make sure that the person wear a direct reading pocket dosimeter charged &
(Gamma rays)
calibrated
The equipment should not be transported in an assembled or open condition
Prior to operating with any sealed source, ensure that non-radiation workers are not
subject to radiation levels that would not exceed that which is permitted
Radiation areas must contain radiation warning signs & clearly displayed around the
circumference of the radiation area
Unauthorized person(s) discovered

b See Point 1a Warning signs should be displayed
in a controlled area during exposure
Barrier tapes, warning signs and flashing lights must be positioned at demarcation &
access areas
Unclassified personnel not required in testing area
Display warning lights
Inform workers
Uncontrolled emissions of radioactive

c See Point 1a See point 1a
substance
No radiography technician shall be less than 18 years of age & must be qualified
X-ray of welds while other workers

d See Point 1a See point 1a
are on site within the danger area
No unauthorized/unclassified pesonnel is allowed to carry out radiography
e Exposure to ionizing radiation See Point 1a Unclassified personnel not required in testing area
Technicians must wear their radiation films or dosimeters. The reading shall be
recorded by individual name the shift
Use radiation monitor to determine safe distance areas from the source
Source to be returned to designated safe storage area after use
Display adequate warning signs
Display warning lights
Inform workers
Minimum of 2 radiographers whenever testing is in progress
f Electrical contact (X-Ray) Electrocution Proper earthing

Electrical portable equipment shall be connected through 30 ELCB only
See JSA 15 Tools & Equipments (Power tools)
5 Emergency a Poor emergency response Spillage of radioactive substances A self contained breathing apparatus with a high protection factor should be provided
High dose rate of equipment, storage… Emergency response plan should be in place
Fire Emergency response team should be trained
Physical injuries Drills should be performed & monitored
Fire fighting equipment should in place and checked on regularly basis
Back
21 - Scaffolding

1 Preplanning a Instability of the structure Crushing injuries Determining the type of scaffold necessary for the job
b Collapse of the structure Possible death Determining the maximum load of the scaffold
c Unstable ground conditions Damage to equipments Assuring a good foundation
Look at electrical hazards
Ensure ground conditions are stable
Inform scaffold erectors of any factors which may affect ground stability, before the
scaffold is erected
Safe access to & egress from the scaffold must be provided
The scaffold should be stabilised against overturning (e.g. use of rakers, outriggers,
guy ropes…)
Stacking & placement of scaffold

2 a Blocking access ways Traffic accident Provide a good housekeeping practices
materials
Crushing injuries Materials to be kept clear of any access ways, road ways or emergency areas
All materials should be secured all times
3 Scaffold preparation a Poor housekeeping Vigilance & care to be taken

b Small working area Slipping & tripping injuries Clear area of unwanted materials
c Unauthorized persons on work area Suitable PPE should be worn
Scaffold plan should be done (if necessary)
Restricted access to work area & controlled at all times
Work area should be coordoned off by using barricade tape
All equipment must be inspected before use to ensure that it is in good repair and
suitable for the intended use
All scaffolding shall be inspected by qualified scaffold person on regular basis
Scaffold tag to be attached to scaffold structure
All work areas & access ways shall be provided with adequate lighting which shall be
properly maintained
A scaffold must be erected by qualified workers only under the direct supervision
4 Scaffold erection/dismantling a Incorrect/improper scaffold erected Crushing injuries
of a qualified person
A qualified person must ensure that the erection is carried out according to
Fall from height acceptable practices in compliance with any drawings and the manufacturer's or
supplier's instructions
Possible death Ensure that the correct components and materials are being using
First erector to access the platform structure to provide anchorage point (chain/ hand
Damage to equipment block, life line, wire sling) to hook up safety hook prior to commencement of erection
activity
Work area should be coordoned off by using barricade tape
All scaffold boards to be tied by lashing rope to the scaffold structure
All materials should be handled correclty
Scaffold tag to be attached to scaffold structure & correctly documented
Only materials specially made for scaffolding shall be used
b Mixing/matching scaffold components Collapse of the structure Do not mix scaffolding from different manufacturers, unless it is approved
Physical injuries
Scaffold erected/modifed without All major modification & erection should be done using the prescribed procedure
c See point 4a
requirement (e.g.scaffold plan)
All major modification & erection should be only start after a pre job birefing is
conducted
The competent person must be informed
The scaffold structure should be inspected after any modification before starting the
job
Scaffold modifications are in accordance with the scaffold plan
Modifications do not compromise the structural integrity of the scaffold
Systems are in place (for example, regular inspections) to identify unauthorised
interference with the scaffold
It is not permitted to remove any part of the scaffolding without prior approval
All scaffold erected shall bear the "Safe Working Load" tags to inform others of tis
d Overloading of scaffold See point 4a
safe working capacity
No materials or tools is allowed to be stored directly on the scaffold to avoid it from
being loaded beyond is SWL
Limit the number of workers on a scaffold at any one time
Scaffold tag to be attached to scaffold structure
e Improper access See point 4a All access used for reaching the working platforms shall be effectively secured
No work is allowed to be done on the scaffold if there is no proper designated access
safely leading to the working platforms
No wires is allowed to run across or in such as manner where it may cause
obstruction
A safe means of access & egress shall be provided
Work at height during scaffold

erection, modification or dismantling,
f Fall from height Scaffolding should never be erected over people. Access restricted
working on scaffold,
no barricades
Physical injuries The erection and the dismantling should be scheduled for quiet times
Possible death No ties or bracing will be removed in advance of general dismantling
First erector to access the platform structure to provide anchorage point (chain/ hand
block, life line, wire sling) to hook up safety hook prior to commencement of erection
activity
All workers working at height shall wear the full-body safety harness with double
lanyard and anchor it to a secure location.
No one is allowed up any height of the scaffold is he/she is found not wearing any
safety harness
All open sides of working platforms where a person is liable to fall from a height more
than 3 metres shall be barricaded with upper, mid-rails and installed with a 90mm high
toe-board
Fall arrest system should be used at height
Adequate training, instruction and supervision of scaffold workers
Scaffold ‘fittings’ and other connections should be securely tightened
Attach danger tags and warning signs such as ‘Keep Out – Falling Objects’ and
’Danger – Incomplete Scaffolding’ in obvious locations to warn persons of hazards
g Poor housekeeping Slipping & tripping injuries All working platforms shall kept clear of any tools or items to avoid tripping hazards.
Fall from height Provide safe area for material storage
No one, other than the qualified scaffold erector, is allowed to modify or remove any
h Loose planck Fall from height
part of the scaffold
Anyone who spots any loose or missing planks from the working platform shall inform
the scaffold supervisor to rectify it
Fall of objects/equipments from

i Crushing injuries Hardhats required
height
Possible death Protect employees below
Barricades to exclude working below
Toe boards at edge of platforms
Tag lines on swinging loads
Materials to be taken to heights should be tied correclty to hand rope
All materials on the scaffold structure to be stowed securely at all times
Do not drop scaffolding components from heights when dismantling scaffold
Establish exclusion zones around scaffolding and adjoining areas to prevent
unauthorised persons from accessing the area
Attach danger tags and warning signs such as ‘Keep Out – Falling Objects’ and
’Danger – Incomplete Scaffolding’ in obvious locations to warn persons of hazards
j Erection near power cables Electrocution Maintain clearance near powerlines

Contact the electricity entity in control of the electrical part to confirm voltage,
Sparks
insulation and appropriate systems of work
Respect the exclusion zone ("safety envelope" around an electrical part)
k Poor environmental conditions Collapse of the structure See JSA 6 Work environment
Damage to equipment No work during storms or high winds
Crushing injuries
Electrocution
Fall from height
Possible death
Emergency plans may need to identify the location and means of access for the
5 Emergency a Poor emergency response Fall from height
rescuer
Collaspe of the structure Emergency response team should be trained
Drills should be performed on regular basis
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22 - Temporary facilities

1 Common temporary works a Refer to the appropriated JSA
Provide branch distribution system from temporary power source with distribution
2 Electrical facilities a Electrical contact Electrocution
boxes & outlets
b Excessive noise from generators Noise protection wall to be erected if needed
Suitable PPE should be provided & worn
Safe means of access will be provided (when working at height)
Use insulated tools
Permit to work if required
3 Waste facilities a Improper waste storage Contamination Suitable waste area should be provided
Development of odors Maintain in a clean and orderly condition
Attraction of insects & rodents Provide sufficient quantity of covered or closed waste receptacles
Keep handle hazardous, dangerous, or unsanitary waste materials separately
from other waste (e.g. household waste)
Waste should be removed at regular intervals
4 Water facilities a Improper water facilities Water contamination Water shall be obtained, conveyed, stored in a close system
Sterilize temporary water piping prior to use
Keep a minimum separation distances between sources of contamination & water
Provide & maintain fire protection including fire extinguishers and other appropriate
5 Temporary controls a Poor fire safety Fire
fire-fighting equipment ready for immediate use
Explosion Equipment should be distributed around site
Possible death Fire-fighting equipment shall be regularly checked
Fire fighting team should be prepared & trained
b Poor dust control Lung injuries Minimize raising dust from construction operations
Provide positive means to prevent air-borne dust from dispersing into atmosphere
Periodically monitor air dust level
Inappropriate erosion & sediment Plan & execute construction by method to control surface drainage from cuts & fills,
c Collapse of the soil
control from borrow and from waste disposal areas
Crushing injuries Minimize amount of bare soil exposed at one time
Provide temporary measures such as silt fences, drains or other erosion control
devices
Periodically inspect earthwork to detect evidence of erosion & sedimentation &
promptly apply corrective measures if necessary
d Poor water control Intoxication Provide, operate & maintain pumping equipment
Protect water sources from any contamination
e Poor noise control Loss of hearing Noise protection wall to be erected if needed
Suitable PPEs should be provided & worn
6 Housekeeping a Poor housekeeping Fire Provide a good housekeeping on the site

Contamination Use non combustible absorbents to remove spills or leaks of oil
Slip and trip Provide waste areas
Provide waste storage receptacles
Waste should be removed at regular intervals
7 Emergency a Poor emergency response Fire Emergency plan should be in place

Contamination Emergency response team should be trained & prepared
Physical injuries Emergency phone numbers will be posted
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23 - Transport

Preparation for transport All vehicles must be in good condition (general vehicle condition
1 a Poor condition of vehicles Possible road accident
operation including lights)
All vehicles should have routine maintenance undertaking by
Physical injuries
a competent person
Possible death A preventative maintenance scheme should be in place
Damage to equipment Regular testing of vehicles
Carry out daily checks of the foot & hand brake
All services & maintenance records should be maintained
Ensure that all necessary equipment (warning tirangle, fire
extinguisher, phone/radio…) should be in place & correctly
maintained
Keep the tires properly inflated (even the spare one)
Provide & maintain of good access to the cabs & other parts of large
vehicles where access is necessary
Plan maintenance to replace parts before they fail
Fit vehicles with audible reversing alarms if necessary
b Journey not planed See point 1a Plan the journey during daylight hours wherever possible
Extreme vigilance is required if driving at night
Check radios/communications
Always carry communication means and emergency numbers
Ensure all travelling understand emergency requirements
Refuel after every journey
Take the shortest/most practicable route
Make sure the vehicle is well equipped
Designate traffic routes
Minimise the number & the lengh of journeys through careful
management
Avoid traveling at night
Poor transport conditions on

c See point 1a Provide & maintain safe means of access & egress
site
Edge protection is always necessary to prevent inadvertent
movement over the edge of a roadway, a bench…
Suitable warning signs should be displayed
Try to separate vehicles and people e.g. by using clearly marked
traffic routes
Exclude people from dangerous areas (e.g. pit…)
Design traffic routes & plant positions to reduce the need for
reversing
Loading/Unloading of
2 a See JSA 10 Lifting
materials
Overloading vehicle must be prohibited
See JSA 12 Manual handling &

b
storage
3 Transportation a Unsafe driving See point 1a Training should be done (driving defense for e.g.)
Never operate a motor vehicle while under the influence of alcohol,
drugs or medications
Seatbelt should be worn
Appropriate speed for conditions
Respect the speed limit
Keep safe stopping distance
Stop before using mobile telephones / radios
Never take alcohol/drugs before and/or whilst driving
Medical supervision required for drivers
b Adverse weather conditions See point 1a Stopping distances at least double those on dry roads
Keep vehicle well ventilated to avoid drowsiness
c Vehicle breakdown See point 1a If possible, move vehicle off the road
Use warning lights if necessary
Visual check before every journey
Carry out daily checks of the foot & hand brake
See point 1a
4 Emergency a Poor emergency response See point 1a Always carry emergency numbers
First aid kit in vehicle
Emergency response plan should be implemented
Back
24 - SIMOPS

1 Preparation of SIMOPS a Lack of preparation Physical injuries A SIMOPS plan should be issued
The installation must be visited jointly by authorized representatives
Fire, explosion
of the field operations, construction disciplines & HSE entity
Damage to property Identify any specific SIMOPS hazards
Damage to equipment Define the special steps to be taken for safe works
SIMOPS incompatibility matrix should be done
SIMOPS Coordination Entity should be in place to check
consistency between the PTW... (if necessary)
Kick off meeting, safety induction meeting should be done to
highlight potential risks resulting from simultaneous operations
Permit to work system should be used
Daily meeting should be held to organize the planning and safety of

2 Initiating SIMOPS a Communication failure See point 1a the simultaneous operations according to the progress of ongoing
activities
All main events shall be recorded in a specific log book
Ensure a good communication to all involved groups
Daily SIMOPS log should be in place
Specific training should be done
For SIMOPS duration, a safety watch should be assigned
General operating philosophy should be in place
3 Emergency a Emergency response failure See point 1a Fire fighting facilities should be in place
Allow safe and free means of access/egress
Good housekeeping practices must be maintained
Implementation of efficient and regular emergency drills
Emergency response plan should be issued
Emergency procedure will be explained to all involved groups
Back
25 - Working at height

1 Prepraration a Poor preparation Fall from height Provide a safe means of access to an anchorage point
The frequency & number of people who may need to use the access
Physical injuries
to or egress from the work area should be considered
Signage should be in place permanently at entry points of static line
Possible death
systems
Provide an adequate natural or artificial lighting to all access ways
No work should be carried out at height (xx meters) unless the
worker involved is wearing the safety harness and is effectively
anchored when at-risk area
Ensure workers are correctly trained
Ensure workers are not suffering from vertigo
Improper/Incorrect fall injury

b See point 1a Choose the most appropriate fall injury system
prevention systems
The fall injury system shall be compliant with regulations,
requirements
The fall injury prevention systems should be such that a person
falling travels the shortest possible distance before having the fall
arrested
The fall arrest equipment must not be used after it has arrested a
fall until it has been inspected & certified as operational by a
competent person
The fall injury prevention systems should be used in compliance
with regulations & manufacturer requirements
Provide suitable anchorage points
The equipment must be inspected regularly
Consideration should be given to environmental factors that may
have affected the condition of equipment such as water, oil, grease,
sharp edge…
c Poor environmental conditions Collapse of the structure See JSA 6 Work environment
Damage to equipment No work during storms or high winds
Crushing injuries
Electrocution
Fall from height
Possible death
2 Working on ladders a Improper equipment Fall from height The type of ladder must be appropriate to the task
Physical injuries The ladder sould be in good condition
Possible death Use the correct height for the task to avoid reaching or stretching
Extension or single ladders should be used as a means of access

b Improperly erected ladders See point 1a
and egress from a work area, not as a working platform
Damaged ladders are removed from service
The ladder must be secured against deplacement (i.e. slipping
or sliding)
If necessary, another person holds the base of the ladder
The ladder should be not too close or too far from the support
structure
The distance between the ladder base and the supporting structure
should be about one metre for every four metres of working ladder
height
The ladder must be on firm, stable and level ground
All the locking devices on the ladder should must be secured
c Improper climbing See point 1a Materials or tools should be not carried while climbing the ladder
Tools should be carried in a tool belt or side pouch
No person should stand on a ladder any higher than xx mm from the
top of the ladder
No other personis allowed on the ladder at the same time
Slip resistant shoes should be worn
Three points of contact with the ladder should be maintained at all
times
Safety harnesses shall be worn at all times for the works carried out
d Improper/bad condition PPE See point 1a
at more than xx meters above ground level
Fall arrest systems should be used by persons using ladders as
working structures
Regular & visual inspection of PPE before every usage
3 Working on scaffolds a See JSA 21 Scaffolding

Fall from height Safety harness must be worn
Connect the lanyard with the scaffold hook when there is a potential
Possible death
of a fall 1.5 meters or more
Check the harness condition before using it
A lanyard with energy absorber should be used
The hook should be connected to a suitable anchorage point or
static lines
The safe working load or working load limit shall be clearly displayed
4 Working on lifting baskets a Improper equipment See point 1a
on all personnel baskets
Personnel baskets must be certified & weight tested prior to use it
Incorrect/improper work lifting Only personnel fit & trained for working at height shall carry out the
b See point 1a
baskets operation
Personnel basket will be used for the purpose to which it has been
made
All lifting of personnel baskets shall be controlled by a competent
person
All personnel basket erected used shall bear the safe working load
tag & shall not be overloaded
Safety harnesses shall be worn at all times for the works carried out
c Improper/bad condition PPE See point 1a
at more than xx meters above ground level
Fall arrest systems should be used by persons using ladders as
working structures
Regular & visual inspection of PPE before every usage
d Strucking by falling object Crushing injuries All materials & tools must be lifted and lowered in a safe manner
Physical injuries No one is allowed to throw any objects/items
Possible death
5 Working on roofs a Improperly planned operation See point 1a Ensure that the workers have safe access to work area
A barrier shall be in place at the edge
A safety harness should be worn & attached to an anchorage point
Safety harnesses shall be worn at all times
Provide training in the use of static lines & other PPE
Ensure that all the PPE are in good condition
Use the static lines that have been installed by a qualified person
The static lines shall be arranged to provide adequate mobility in all
areas of the structure
The static lines shall not be used for any purpose other than fall
protection
Temporary static lines can be installed any time to written
procedures or manufacturers instructions
Ensure that the static line is approved for the number of people on
the line at any given time
b Anchorage point failure See point 1a Suitable anchorage points should be provided
Check the structure condtion
Regular check of the anchorage point condition
Anchorage points should be tested
Emergency plans may need to identify the location and means of

6 Emergency a Poor emergency response Fall from height
access for the rescuer
Collaspe of the structure Emergency response team should be trained
Ensure appropriate emergency equipment is available on-site
Drills should be performed on regular basis

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HSE N°

Generic JSAs xx 2007

1 - Working with chemicals

NO. BASIC STEPS HAZARDS POTENTIAL CONSEQUENCES PREVENTIVE MEASURES ACTION BY

b Overloading Road accident, pollution, spillage Training/Instructions of work

Exposure to harmful levels

c Chemical spills Pollution Implementation of a spill response plan

c Cut by packaging Cuts PPE should be worn

No slings or ropes to be used for chemical products. Lifting basket

b Over weight Back injury Use of proper tools & equipements

Exposure to harmful levels

All the machinery involved should be regularly inspected and tagged

b Environmental impact Pollution Proper collectors design

e Unauthorized storage/access Inhalation, absorption, digestion See point 3

NO. BASIC STEPS HAZARDS POTENTIAL CONSEQUENCES PREVENTIVE MEASURES ACTION BY

b Unsecure traffic movements See point 1a Separate pedestrians from vehicles/plant

c Poor housekeeping Slip & trip Good housekeeping should be done

See JSA 7 Ground disturbance

5 Concrete placing & compaction a Bad concrete placing Concrete splashes

Failure of concrete compaction

Prolonged exposition to vibrating

f Falling into uncured concrete Burns Keep area barriered securely

NO. BASIC STEPS HAZARDS POTENTIAL CONSEQUENCES PREVENTIVE MEASURES ACTION BY

Work carried out on confined

Physical accident, traffic accident, explosion, fire,

NO. BASIC STEPS HAZARDS POTENTIAL CONSEQUENCES PREVENTIVE MEASURES ACTION BY

Fall of diver while stepping down due

Stand by diver to be deployed & a boat to be kept stand by while diving is in

d Proper illumination Fall Adequate illumination will be ensured in night hours

NO. BASIC STEPS HAZARDS POTENTIAL CONSEQUENCES PREVENTIVE MEASURES ACTION BY

competent person and HSE dept and tagged

d Fall personnel/material Crushing injuries Fall protection should be provided

Accidental contact with

b Sharp edges Pinching injuries Wear leather gloves while terminating

Damage to conductors being

Proper cordoning is to be done while high voltage test is carried out

NO. BASIC STEPS HAZARDS POTENTIAL CONSEQUENCES PREVENTIVE MEASURES ACTION BY

b Excessive light See point 4a Check illuminance level is suitable

NO. BASIC STEPS HAZARDS POTENTIAL CONSEQUENCES PREVENTIVE MEASURES ACTION BY

A minimum separation distance must be maintained between a store

Hazards due to improper

Hazards due to the people /

After xx minutes of the blasting the face inspection to be conducted

Attending the misfire ( If Hazards due to unfired

Hit injury by machine to

Hard barriers shall be provided around excavation. They will be at

Personnel or/equipment going

All materials, tools, plant machinery and equipment should be kept

Asphyxiation, drowning, electrocution, possible

Underground live facilities such

Overhead power-line voltage and height shall be investigated and

If personnel or equipment are crossing an

Working inside deep Excavation in soft ground or

Proper access and egress shall be provided (ladder) depending on

The objects may fall into the excavation resulting

Where there is reason to suspect oxygen deficiency or the presence

NO. BASIC STEPS HAZARDS POTENTIAL CONSEQUENCES PREVENTIVE MEASURES ACTION BY

b Lack of preparation Fire, electrocution, physical injuries Hot work permit

Fire, heat, burns, sparks, gases & fumes,

Hot work operations

High level of harmful

Fire, explosion, burns, eye injuries, physical

Earthing failure / contact with

JSA's Models

JSA's Models