Como prensa se conocen todos aquellos medios de comunicación cuyo medio de expresión
es la palabra escrita (así como fotografías e ilustraciones) y cuyo soporte físico es el papel.
Hay dos grandes grupos:
La radio
Frente a la palabra escrita, la radio se vale del sonido como forma de comunicación. Las
palabras, la música y los efectos sonoros conforman el lenguaje radiofónico. Su modo de
transmisión es a través de ondas electromagnéticas, las denominadas ondas hertzianas.
Dependiendo del alcance de estas ondas y de su fidelidad hay dos tipos de emisoras:
La televisión
Hoy por hoy, la televisión es el medio de comunicación más extendido e influyente, aunque
le ha salido un duro competidor en Internet, con quien se disputa un elevado porcentaje de
audiencia. No obstante, Internet no está considerado como un medio de comunicación
como tal.
Podemos distinguir:
Radio
In front of the written word, the radio uses sound as a form of communication. Words,
music and sound effects make up the radiophonic language. Its mode of transmission is
through electromagnetic waves, the so-called hertzian waves.
Depending on the scope of these waves and their fidelity there are two types of stations:
• AM stations (amplitude modulation): they are the ones with greater range and lower
sound quality.
• FM stations (frequency modulation): their scope is lower but, given their higher quality,
they broadcast in stereo and their contents are more specialized, with particular attention to
music programming, local information and entertainment.
Television
Nowadays, television is the most widespread and influential medium of communication,
although it has left a tough competitor on the Internet, with whom a high audience share is
disputed. However, the Internet is not considered as a means of communication as such.
The success of television has contributed two fundamental characteristics: its sophistication
in sending messages (combining image and sound, which facilitates its understanding) and
its low economic cost to the recipient (most channels are free and the price of the receivers
affordable).
We can distinguish:
• Free TV. Access to its programming is universal and free, and its contents, little
specialized. An example is the ETB.
• Pay TV. It presents technical obstacles for its reception (codification) and the spectators
have to pay a monthly fee for their enjoyment. In return it offers more specific contents,
such as thematic music channels, documentaries, films, etc.
Social networks
Within the variety of forms of communication based on the internet, some virtual social
networks such as Twitter and Facebook have proven to work as ways used by a large
number of individuals to stay informed about daily news, and even as a means of filtering
and selecting messages Relevant In such media there may be the exchange of information
on daily news together with other types of messages more typical of entertainment media;
However, there is no communicative process where the man exchanges that information
face to face to discuss it and reach an analysis on the subject. This is reaffirmed by Chang
(2015) when he mentions that "few studies have explored how people have affected the
way they interact with others in social networks, such as Facebook (FB) -where 1 billion
users have generated more than 1.13 billion lines, 140.3 million connected friends were
established, and 219 billion photos were uploaded, 1 data that reaffirm that social networks
are only a means of information, but not of communication.
Many of the users of Facebook, are teenagers, who in search of friends and information of
their reality, come to "copy" the stereotypes, development patterns and ways of socializing
"2 that are proposed in these social networks.