Technological Institute of the Philippines

Electronics Engineering Department

Waveguides
Group Assignment #

OBJECTIVES:
1. Explain the basic theory of operation and construction of a
waveguide.

Reference: Chapter 10
Kennedy, Electronic Communication Systems, 4 th edition, Tata
McGraw-Hill, 1999

Course Code/Section: ECE503 / ECE51FC1

Members: Signature

Canaya, Regina Marie V.

Magadia, Morris Jay
Nicolas, Jo Malyn
Tapales, Miguel

Date Conducted:

Engr. Dennis Jefferson Amora

Instructor
Questions:

1. What are waveguides

2. At what frequencies waveguides are used?
3. How are waveguides constructed?
4. Describe the behavior of electromagnetic waves in waveguide?
5. How are electromagnetics wave propagated in a waveguide?
6. What is skin effect?
7. Differentiate transverse electric and transverse magnetic modes in
waveguides
8. What is meant by dominant mode of operation?
9. Search the internet and submit some pictures of an actual waveguides

Answers:

1. Any pipe with a sort of cross section can be considered as a waveguide

which we can conclude that waveguide is a device that confines and
conveys microwaves. Waveguides are preferred to transmission lines
because they are have less loss at the highest frequencies.

2. The frequencies waveguides are used are from 1.21GHz to 325GHz. It is

more widely used in higher frequency (e.g. 300GHz) because compare to
coaxial cable, it has a maximum higher operating frequency with
minimum loss.

3. A transmission line can be transformed into a waveguide by

connecting multiple quarter-wave shorted stubs. In a similar way, a pipe
with any sort of cross section could be used as a waveguide, but the
simplest cross sections are preferred.

4. The electromagnetic waves in the waveguide reflect in the wall and

moves in a zig zag fashion. The walls have nothing to short-circuit, and
they do not interfere with the wave pattern set up between them. Thus
propagation is not hindered.

5. The electromagnetic wave propagates in the waveguide by reflecting

on the walls.

6. Skin effect is the tendency where an alternating current (AC) flow

mostly near the outer surface of an electrical conductor, such as metal
wire. As the frequency increases, the effect becomes more and more
apparent.

7. A waveguide can be classified into transverse electric (TE) mode and

transverse magnetic (TM) mode. For the TE mode, there is no electric field
in the direction of the propagation; thus leaving only the magnetic field
in the direction of propagation. However, for TM mode, there are no
magnetic fields in the direction of propagation; thus, only an electric
field is present along the direction of propagation.

8. A dominant mode operation is the mode having the lowest cutoff

frequency in a waveguide. In this mode, the wave is propagated with the
minimum degradation. It can also support more than one propagation
mode.

9.

Figure 1: An example of a RF waveguide

Figure 2: The behavior of the electromagnetic waves inside the waveguide