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20th Century Music

IMPRESSIONISM EXPRESSIONISM

 Originated as an art movement that presents an  The term expressionism was invented by art critics
immediate impression of an object or event. to describe a style of painting which developed as a
 Impressionist painters try to show what the eye reaction to the art movement called
sees at a glance, rather than what they know or impressionism.
feel about the object.  Impressionist painters were mainly concerned with
 In similar, Impressionist music may be described how the surface of objects appeared to the eye at a
generally as having refinement, delicacy, and particular moment.
overall luminous fog atmosphere.  In contrast, some of the expressionist painter used
 There are descriptive devices to suggest sounds like striking colors and distorted shapes.
waves, wind, sea, waterfalls, and images of  Expressionism conveyed the anguish of the poor
moonlight. and the horrors of war which made it a social
 These descriptive musical elements can be heard protest.
from the works of French composers Claude  Social protest is a form of political
Debussy and Maurice Ravel. expression that seeks to bring
 Most of the time, their subject is nature. about social or political change by
 They also use dissonances(lack of harmony), influencing the knowledge, attitudes, and
uncommon scales, like whole tone scale, as a behaviors of the public or the policies of
descriptive device in some of their works. an organization or institution.
 Applied in music, expressionism is generally
Claude Debussy described as music that express true emotions with
exaggeration.
 Expressionist music was very atonal (not written in
any key or mode) and dissonant.
 These are manifested in the music of Arnold
Schoenberg, who is considered as one of the
famous expressionists of is time.
 His atonal music is one of the styles that best
describes what expressionist music is all about.

Arnold Schoenberg

 Was born on August 22, 1862 in France.


 He is a French composer whose music is often
associated with the impressionist movement in art.
 For him "the primary aim of French music is to give
pleasure".
 He was able to produce three remarkable sonatas.
 In these works, the rich melodic and harmonic
language founded a new and unique expression.
 It was just unfortunate that these kind of work
were cut short because of his death on March 25,
1918 during the World War I.
 Was born on September 13, 1874 in Austria.
 His works include the opera.
 He started his lesson in violin when he was eight
 Pelleas and Melisande
years old.
 Jeux de Vagues
 Although he had no formal training, he began
 La Mer
composing his own music.
 Prelude to the afternoon of a Faun
 His development of the twelve - tone style was a
 Reverie
turning point and became significant in the 20th
 His composition "Prelude to the afternoon of a
and 21st century music.
Faun" made his known and popular as an
 His chromaticism intensified and the strong tonal
impressionist composer.
focus disappeard.
 "La Mer" (The Sea) is one of his most popular
 In a twelve - tone music, all 12 semitones of the
pieces.
chromatic scale are treated with equal importance.
 In this composition, the ordering is the tone row
which called serial technique or surrealism.
 The works of Schoenberg:
 Pierrot Lunaire
 Prelude from Suite for Piano Op.25
 Five Orchestral Pieces Op.16

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