Structure analysis

Introduction
Building description
Building type : Residential
Structural system : Special Moment Resisting Frame (SMRF)
Plinth area covered : 1060.00 sq. ft.
Type of foundation : Isolated and Strap Footing
No. of storey : 2.5
Typical Floor height : 9’5”
Ground Floor height : 9’5”
Type of sub soil : Medium soil
Seismic zone :V

Need for Structural Analysis

The building to be designed is not within the municipality guidelines for the normal building.
So for the safety consideration, the building is structurally designed. The given building is
structurally designed due to one of the following reasons
- Floor level plinth area greater than 1000 sq. ft.
- Grid Spacing is greater than 14 ft. 9 in
- Any of the Slab area is greater than 144 sq. ft.
- Proposed Building is to be constructed on the sloppy terrain
- Proposed Building is State of Art Design

Idealization and Assumptions in Analysis and Design

Various assumptions have been made in analysis and design of the structures, for
consideration of safety and simplicity, namely:
- Tensile strength of concrete is ignored
- Shrinkage and temperature Strength are negligible
- Adhesion between concrete and steel is adequate to develop full strength
- Seismic and wind load do not occur simultaneously so proposed building is designed
for earthquake only
- Centrelines of beams, columns and shear walls are concurrent everywhere.
Further assumptions in analysis and design that are not included here if are considered,
then they are explained at the assumed section itself.

Scope
The analysis and design is limited to the structural analysis and design only. Design and
Detailing of the following structural elements is performed:
- Slab
- Beam
- Column

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Structure analysis

- Staircase
- Footing
Design and layout of the building services like pipeline, electrical appliances, sanitary and
sewage system are not covered. Analysis is done regarding existing soil condition of the
locality. Bearing capacity of the soil is taken either by complete soil analysis if required or
else is taken as per visual inspection of the site.

Identification of Loads
Dead loads are calculated as per IS 875 (Part 1) -1987.
Seismic loads are taken according to IS 1893 (Part 1)-2002 considering job site in Phidim
located at Zone V.
Imposed loads are taken according to IS 875(Part 2)-1987.

Loading Pattern
The loading is applied to the slab elements directly. The total load (DL and LL) on staircase
is equally distributed on both supporting beam and the load is converted to UDL. The load on
slab is taken as per the requirement stated in IS875:1987(Part I & II).
Dead loads are computed from the dimensions of the structural member such as walls, beams,
slabs, etc. and their material densities confirming to IS 875 (Part I). Similarly, live loads are
to be chosen from IS 875 (part 2) for various occupancies where required.
The uniformly distributed dead and live load acting on the slab are transferred to the beams
holding the slab. The slab load is distributed on the floor beams by meshing the slab element
into number of meshes. The beam element also resists the self-weight and the wall load
including all the finish loads on wall such as external and internal plaster.

Load Combinations
For Design of reinforced concrete elements, the following load combination has been
considered according to IS Standard (IS 1893 part1:2002) and auto generated load
combination from ETABS
Load
DL LL ELx ELy
combination
1 1.5 1.5 - -

2 1.2 1.2 1.2 -

3 1.2 1.2 - 1.2

4 1.2 1.2 -1.2 -
5 1.2 1.2 - -1.2
6 1.5 - 1.5 -
7 1.5 - - 1.5
8 1.5 - -1.5 -
9 1.5 - - -1.5

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Structure analysis

10 0.9 1.5
11 0.9 1.5
12 0.9 -1.5
13 0.9 -1.5
Where;
DL = Dead Load
LL = Live Load
ELx = Earthquake load in X-direction
ELy = Earthquake load in Y-direction

Method of Analysis
The building is modelled as a space frame. ETABS is adopted as the basic tool for the
execution of analysis on which linear static analysis (seismic coefficient method) is used.
ETABS program is based on Finite Element Method. Due to possible actions in the building,
the stresses, displacements and fundamental time periods are obtained using ETABS which
are used for the design of the members. Staircase slabs and footings are analysed separately.

Detailing
The space frame is considered as a special moment resisting frame (SMRF) with a special
detailing to provide ductile behaviour and comply with the requirements given in NBC 205.
If the NBC 205 code is not adequate, then IS 13920- 1993 is adopted.

Design
The following materials are adopted for the design of the elements
Concrete Grade: M20
Reinforcement Steel: HSYD 500

Design of beam and columns are adopted as per the data from analysis and design program
used, ETABS in this case. The design is based on various Indian Standards Code of Practice
for Plain and Reinforced Concrete IS 456-2000, Design Aids for Reinforced Concrete IS
456:1987(SP-16), Criteria for Earthquake Resistant Design Structures IS 1893-2002.
For design of the footing bearing capacity is taken as per NBC 205, table 3.1 if detailed site
investigation is not done.

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Structure analysis

Loading and Load Calculations

Gravity load
Dead load and live load are the gravity load that comes in the building. Values of load are
taken as explained above and are inserted in computer software program “ETABS” for
detailed structural analysis
Dead and Imposed Load:

Dead loads are calculated on the basis of unit weights of the specified construction materials
in accordance with IS 875.
Reinforced concrete: 25 kN / m3
Brick work with plaster: 19.00 kN/m3
Sand/ cement screed: 24 kN/m2

Wall Load Schedule

Load/ m Load/ m
Unit Cement Marble Unit w/o with 35%
Material Brick wt. Mortar Unit wt. Skirting wt. ht. opening opening
mm(h=150
kN/m3 mm kN/m3 mm) kN/m3 m kN kN
9" Wall 230 19 20 20.4 30 26 2.49 11.0 7.5
4" Partition 115 19 20 20.4 30 26 2.49 5.33
Parapet Wall 230 19 20 20.4 30 26 1.00 4.37

Floor Finish
Cerami Unit
S.N. Screeding Unit wt. c tiles wt. Ceiling finish Unit wt. Load/m2 Load/m2

mm kN/m3 mm kN/m3 mm kN/m3 kN/m3 applied

1 40 24 8 26 12 24 1.456 on stairs

Load due to Ceramic wall tiles on toilet = 1.5 kN/m2

Imposed Load Schedule: (Residential building- IS 875 Part - 2)

The Live Load for building has been adopted as given IS 875 - Part II
The following values have been adopted:

S.N. Room/Area Imposed

Load
1 Living Room 2.5 kN/m2
2 Toilet/ Bathrooms 2.0 kN/m2
3 Corridors/ passages/ Staircase 3.0 kN/m2
4 Public accessible RCC roof 1.5 kN/m2

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Structure analysis

Lateral load
Lateral load acting in Nepal is earthquake load and wind load. These loads are taken as per
requirement in IS code for different zones and soil type. Detailed calculations of Seismic load
is shown below in Seismic load calculation.
ETABS automatically incorporates all the required calculations for lateral loads as per IS
1893:2002 based on the input data we provide. The required parameters for lateral load
calculation has already been mentioned above in 6.3
Based on response spectrum coefficient method, ETABS utilizes the following procedure to
generate the lateral seismic loads.
1. User provides seismic zone co-efficient and desired seismic load
command.
2. Program calculates the structural period “T” = 0.075h0.75
3. Program calculates Sa/g utilizing T.
4. Program calculates Vb from the above equation. W is obtained from
the weight data provided by the user.
5. The total lateral seismic load (base shear) is then distributed by the
program among different levels of the structure per the IS:1893(Part 1)
- 2002 procedures.

Analysis and Check for earthquake resistant design

Storey Drift
It is the displacement of one level relative to the other level above or below. As per
IS.1893.1.2002 the storey drift in any storey due to minimum specified design lateral force
with partial factor of 1.0 shall not exceed 0.004 times the storey height. The designed
building has passed the given criteria. For detailed value refer to table in Annex.

Time period
Time period given by IS code is 0.075* h0.75 where h is the total building height. The given
time period is time period of building without infill wall along both direction. And time
period from ETABS is close to the value calculated as per code. For detail refer annex table.

Eccentricity
As per code, maximum eccentricity is 20% between centre of mass and centre of rigidity and
our proposed building is well within the permissible limit of eccentricity. For detail refer
annex table.

Soft Storey Check

Soft Storey is one in which the lateral stiffness is less than 70 % of that in the storey above or
less than 80 % of the average lateral stiffness of the three storeys above. In our building Soft
Storey has not occurred. For detail, refer Annex table.

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Structure analysis

Mass irregularity
Mass irregularity shall be considered to exist where the seismic weight of any storey is more
than 200 percent of that of its adjacent storeys. The irregularity need not be considered in
case of roofs. In our proposed building mass irregularity does not exist. For detail refer table.

Structural Features

Foundation
Type: The building rests on Isolated and strap footing.
From NBC 205 The bearing capacity is assumed as 150kN/m2 for medium soil.

Framing Description:

Beam
Size: Main beams at floor level are of size 9”x14”. Plinth beam are of 9”x14” and
foundation tie beam are of size 9”x 9”.

Location/Orientation: All the beams are concentric with the columns i.e. the center
line of beams match with that of column’s center line. It is to be noted that the side
surface of beams may be matched with surfaces of walls/partitions by additional
concrete as required in architectural drawings.

Column:
Size: Basically the column used in the building is of size 12”x12”

Slab:
Size: Concrete slab 5” thick is provided at the floor level. For staircase, thickness of
concrete slab is 7”.

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Design Summary

Design
Beam Rebar Calculation
Area of steel for beams is calculated from ETABS analysis. Analysis is done in ETABS based on
load combination generated according to IS 456-2000. From the area of steel in ETABS number
of bars required is calculated assuming diameter of bars available in market. For stirrups
detailing IS code of ductility is followed. For detail refer Annex.

Column Rebar Calculation

Area of steel for column is calculated from ETABS analysis. Analysis is done in ETABS
considering earthquake load and considering it as a compression member only and it takes
complete Seismic Force. From the area of steel of ETABS number of bars required is calculated
assuming diameter of bars available in market. Ties are used as per IS code of ductility for detail
refer the Annex.

Slab design
Slabs are designed considering the beam of unit width and they behave in flexure. Designing of
slab is done manually without adaptation of any software. Slabs are designed regarding if they
are simply supported or continuous slab. For design of Slab IS456 is followed. Slabs are
designed to find total depth and reinforcement in two directions. Detailing of slab is done as per
NBC and if it is inadequate IS code for detailing (SP 34) is followed. For detail design refer to
Annex.

Staircase Design
Since the staircase used is open well and straight flight staircase whose guidelines can be found
in the municipality MRT. The Staircase is designed manually and staircase load is considered in
ETABS for load calculation. For detail refer design sheet.

Conclusion
The report has been prepared with guidelines provided by Nepal Building code (NBC) and by
Indian Standard Codes where NBC is insufficient. The building is analysed and designed using
ETABS on which static linear analysis is performed.

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Design Summary

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Design Summary

Footing Design Summary

Design parameters:
Safe bearing capacities for medium soil is 150KN/mm2
Concrete Grade : M20
Steel Grade : Fe500

Isolated Footing Detail

Footing
S.No. Type Grid D d d' Ast longitudinal Ast transverse
Size

1 F1 A1,B1,A4,B4 5'X5' 18" 8" 10" Φ12 @ 6" c/c Φ12 @ 6" c/c

2 F2 A2,B2,A3,B3 6'X6' 18" 8" 10" Φ12 @ 6" c/c Φ12 @ 6" c/c

Strap Footing Detail

Footing Slab Details Strap Beam Details

S.No. Type Grid Ast
Footing Ast Dstra Ast tension Ast
D longitudin Bstrap
Size transverse p (top) compression(bottom)
al
D1 5'X5' Φ12@6" Φ12@6" 3-Φ16 + 2-
1 SF1 18" 24" 14" 3-Φ16
C1 6'X6' c/c c/c Φ12

D2 6'X6'
Φ12@6" Φ12@6" 3-Φ16 + 2-
2 SF2 18" 24" 14" 3-Φ16
c/c c/c Φ12
C2 6'X6'

D3 6'X6' Φ12@6" Φ12@6" 3-Φ16 + 2-

3 SF3 18" 24" 14" 3-Φ16
C3 6'X6' c/c c/c Φ12

D4 5'x5' Φ12@6" Φ12@6" 3-Φ16 + 2-

4 SF4 18" 24" 14" 3-Φ16
C4 6'X6' c/c c/c Φ12

Page 12 of 37
Design Summary

Column Design Summary

Footing to
column plint First Second Roof Cover
A1 4-16Ø,4-12Ø 4-16Ø,4-12Ø 4-16Ø,4-12Ø
B1 4-16Ø,4-12Ø 4-16Ø,4-12Ø 4-16Ø,4-12Ø
C1 4-16Ø,4-12Ø 4-16Ø,4-12Ø 4-16Ø,4-12Ø
D1 4-16Ø,4-12Ø 4-16Ø,4-12Ø 4-16Ø,4-12Ø
A2 4-16Ø,4-12Ø 4-16Ø,4-12Ø 4-16Ø,4-12Ø
B2 4-16Ø,4-12Ø 4-16Ø,4-12Ø 4-16Ø,4-12Ø
C2 4-16Ø,4-12Ø 4-16Ø,4-12Ø 4-16Ø,4-12Ø
D2 4-16Ø,4-12Ø 4-16Ø,4-12Ø 4-16Ø,4-12Ø
A3 4-16Ø,4-12Ø 4-16Ø,4-12Ø 4-16Ø,4-12Ø 4-12Ø,4-12Ø
B3 4-16Ø,4-12Ø 4-16Ø,4-12Ø 4-16Ø,4-12Ø 4-12Ø,4-12Ø
C3 4-16Ø,4-12Ø 4-16Ø,4-12Ø 4-16Ø,4-12Ø
D3 4-16Ø,4-12Ø 4-16Ø,4-12Ø 4-16Ø,4-12Ø
A4 4-16Ø,4-12Ø 4-16Ø,4-12Ø 4-16Ø,4-12Ø 4-12Ø,4-12Ø
B4 4-16Ø,4-16Ø 4-16Ø,4-16Ø 4-16Ø,4-16Ø 4-12Ø,4-12Ø
C4 4-16Ø,4-16Ø 4-16Ø,4-16Ø 4-16Ø,4-16Ø
D4 4-16Ø,4-12Ø 4-16Ø,4-12Ø 4-16Ø,4-12Ø

Tie Beam Summary

Design parameters: Concrete grade : M20

steel grade : Fe500
Clear cover : 25mm

Foundation Tie Beam

Dia
Total Lateral Ties
Beam Beam Beam Area no.
Location Rebar Ast Shear
span size mm2 Th-Bar Ex-Bar of
Φ Bar Rein. Spacing
Φ
no no Dia
Start Top 9"x9" 52257.96 2 12 2 226.2 10
4" c/c
span Bottom 9"x9" 52257.96 2 12 2 226.2 10
Mid Top 9"x9" 52257.96 2 12 2 226.2 10
6” c/c
span Bottom 9"x9" 52257.96 2 12 2 226.2 10
End Top 9"x9" 52257.96 2 12 2 226.2 10
4" c/c
span Bottom 9"x9" 52257.96 2 12 2 226.2 10

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Design Summary

Plinth Tie Beam

Dia Lateral Ties
Beam Total
Beam Beam Th-Bar Ex-Bar Shear
Location Rebar Area no. of Ast
span size Φ Rein. Spacing
mm2 Φ Bar
no no Dia
Start Top 9"x14" 52257.96 2 16 1 12 3 515.22 10
4" c/c
span Bottom 9"x14" 52257.96 2 16 2 402.12 10
Mid Top 9"x14" 52257.96 2 16 2 402.12 10
6" c/c
span Bottom 9"x14" 52257.96 2 16 2 402.12 10
End Top 9"x14" 52257.96 2 16 1 12 3 515.22 10
4" c/c
span Bottom 9"x14" 52257.96 2 16 2 402.12 10

Beam Design Summary

Design parameters: Concrete grade : M20

steel grade : Fe500
Clear cover : 25mm

Grid A-A/B-B/C-C/D-D/1-1/2-2/3-
First Floor
3/4-4
Dia Tot Lateral Ties
Bea Th-Bar Ex-Bar al
Locati Beam Beam Area Shear
m Rebar no. Ast Spacin
on size mm2 n Rein.
span no Φ Φ of g
o Bar Dia
Start Top 9"x14" 81290.16 2 16 1 16 3 603.19 10
4" c/c
span Bottom 9"x14" 81290.16 2 16 2 402.12 10
Mid Top 9"x14" 81290.16 2 16 2 402.12 10
6" c/c
span Bottom 9"x14" 81290.16 2 16 2 402.12 10
End Top 9"x14" 81290.16 2 16 1 16 3 603.19 10
4" c/c
span Bottom 9"x14" 81290.16 2 16 2 402.12 10

Grid A-A/B-B/C-C/D-D/1-1/2-2/3-
Second Floor
3/4-4
Dia Tot Lateral Ties
Bea Th-Bar Ex-Bar al
Locati Beam Beam Area Shear
m Rebar no. Ast Spacin
on size mm2 n Rein.
span no Φ Φ of g
o Bar Dia
Start Top 9"x14" 81290.16 2 16 1 12 3 515.22 10
4" c/c
span Bottom 9"x14" 81290.16 2 16 2 402.12 10
Mid Top 9"x14" 81290.16 2 16 2 402.12 10
6" c/c
span Bottom 9"x14" 81290.16 2 16 2 402.12 10
End Top 9"x14" 81290.16 2 16 1 12 3 515.22 10
4" c/c
span Bottom 9"x14" 81290.16 2 16 2 402.12 10

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Design Summary

Staircase
Grid A-A/B-B/3-3/4-4
Cover
Dia Tot Lateral Ties
Bea Th-Bar Ex-Bar al
Locati Beam Beam Area Shear
m Rebar no. Ast Spacin
on size mm2 n Rein.
span no Φ Φ of g
o Bar Dia
Start Top 9"x14" 81290.16 2 12 1 12 3 339.29 10
4" c/c
span Bottom 9"x14" 81290.16 2 12 2 226.19 10
Mid Top 9"x14" 81290.16 2 12 2 226.19 10
6" c/c
span Bottom 9"x14" 81290.16 2 12 2 226.19 10
End Top 9"x14" 81290.16 2 12 1 12 3 339.29 10
4" c/c
span Bottom 9"x14" 81290.16 2 12 2 226.19 10

Slab:

The behavior of a two way slab is very complex and being highly indeterminate, its analysis is
made using approximate theory, which yields a satisfactory result for design purposes. Design of
reinforced concrete slab was done using IS 456:2000. Slabs are designed to find total depth and
reinforcement in two directions. Detailing of slab is done as per NBC and if it is inadequate IS
code for detailing (SP 34) is followed. For detail design refer to Annex. The Load calculation for
the design of slab is:

Page 15 of 37
Design Sheet

Load Calculation sheet for Slab Design:

Project Two Way Continuous Slab Design
Client
Location Grid 34AB
concrete
M20 Support type Continuous
grade
fck 20000 KN/m^2 Type of slab Two Adjacent Edge Discontinuous
Long edge
3.9624 m Extra Dead Load 1.25 KN/m^2
length(ly)
Steel short edge
Fe500 3.048 m Live load 2.5 KN/m^2
grade length(lx)
Total thickness
fy 500000 KN/m^2 127 mm
of slab
Nominal
20 mm Total design Load 10.2 KN/m^2
cover(top)
Concrete Nominal
24 KN/m^3 20 mm
density cover(bottom)
Diameter of
ly/lx 1.30 8 mm
Steel
Slab type restrained slab
-ve +ve
αx 0.065 0.0490 effective depth 107
αy 0.047 0.035 STATUS DESIGN SAFE
Area of Steel Calculation
Longer
S. No. Description Shorter Direction
Direction
Support mid Support mid
1 αx & αy 0.07 0.05 0.0 0.0
2 BM 6.16 4.64 4.5 3.3 KNm
mm^2 per
3 Ast required 114.02 85.46 81.9 60.7
m
mm^2 per
4 Ast min 152.40 152.40 152.4 152.4
m
Ast required mm^2 per
5 152.40 152.40 152.4 152.4 610
1 m
6 Spacing reqd 329.83 329.83 329.8 329.8 mm per m
Spacing
8 150.00 150.00 150.0 150.0 mm per m
prov.
mm^2 per
9 Ast provided 335.10 335.10 335.1 335.1 1340
m
10 Per of steel 0.26 0.26 0.26 0.26 1.06

Page 16 of 37
Design Sheet

Deflection Check and control criteria

l/d actual 28.486
l/d(basic) 32 As per IS.456, 23.2.1 (a)
α 1.49 As per IS.456, fig 4
β 1 As per IS.456, fig 5
γ 1 As per IS.456, fig 6
l/d (modified) 47.571

Design OK
Check for depth
overall depth
127 mm
provided
Max B.M 6.158 KNm
overall depth
68.11 mm
required

Design OK
Check for Shear
Ast/(bd)*100 1.25
τc 0.67 As per IS.456 table 19
τc,max 2.80 As per IS.456 table 20
k 1.30 As per IS.456 cl. 40.2.1.1
k*τc 0.87
Nominal Shear
15.54 KN
Force(Vu)
Nominal Shear
0.15 N/mm^2
Stress(τu)
Design OK

Torsion reinforcement
No need of reinforcement
Dia of bar 0
Area of steel 0
spacing required 0
spacing taken 0

Page 17 of 37
Design Sheet

Staircase:
The building consists of an open-well and a straight flight staircase. The design of staircase is
done according to guidelines of IS 456:2000.

1 Material Properties
fy 500.000 N/mm2
fck 20.000 N/mm2
cover 20.000 mm INCH
diameter of main bars 16.000 mm2 Thickness 0.15
diameter of distribution
bars 10.000 mm2
Tread 0.250 m T 11 0.275
Rise 0.175 m R 7 0.175
Thickness of waist slab 0.175 m (Assumed)
width of waist slab 0.914 m
width of landing 0.914 m FT INCH
Width of Waist
thickness of landing slab 0.175 m slab 3 9
Width of
span of landing 1 0.914 m landing 3 9
Spaning of
span of landing 2 0.914 m landing1 4 0
Spaning of
span of flight 2.464 m landing2 3 9
Total Span 4.292 m Span of Flight 4 7

LOAD ON WAIST
2.1
SLAB
area of slab 0.053 m2
area of step 0.022 m2
Total area 0.075 m2
DLper m 1.882 kN/m
DL 7.528 kN/m2
FF 1.500 kN/m2
LL 3.000 kN/m2
total load per m square 12.028 kN/m2
Factored load 18.042 kN/m2
load per meter 16.497 kN/m

Page 18 of 37
Design Sheet

2.2 LOAD ON LANDING

Self weight of slab 4.375 kN/m2

FF 1.500 kN/m2
LL 3.000 kN/m2
load per meter square 8.875 kN/m2
Factored load 13.313 kN/m2
load per meter 12.168 kN/m

3 CALCULATION OF MOMENTS

From Calculations, we
have ;
Mmax. = 37.984 kNm
R1= 21.507 kN
R2 = 30.260 kN

Thus, maximum tensile moment is obtained at this point and is

calculated to be, Mmax = 37.98 kNm

Thus, let us take the design moment to be maximum of above,

i.e. Mdesign= 37.98 kNm

4 DEPTH
effective depth from 0.117 m
moment consideration
overall depth provided 0.175 m
effective depth 0.147 m
5 CALCULATION OF MAIN STEEL CALCULATION OF DISTRIBUTION STEEL
A 11.9
B -63945.0
C 37984384.8
2 2
Ast 680.074 mm Ast 191.94 mm
diameter of steel 16.000 mm diameter of steel 10.00 mm
area of each steel 201.062 area of each steel 78.54
spacing required 270.340 mm spacing required 374.16 mm
spacing provided 150.000 mm spacing provided 150.00 mm
2 2
actual steel 1225.674 mm actual steel 478.78 mm

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Design Sheet

CHECK FOR SHEAR

Vu 30.260
Tv 0.225
Pt 0.912
Tc 0.602
check safe in shear

CHECK FOR DEVELOPMENT LENGTH

Ld in terms of Ø 48.549
M1 37.984 kNm
V 21.507 kN
Lo(ancorage required 147.000 mm
Ld 1913.109 mm
Ø< 39.406 mm
Result Safe

7 DEFLECTION CHECK
Length (L) (m) 4.292
Breadth (b) (mm) 914.400
Depth (D) (mm) 175.000
d (mm) 147.000
fck (N/mm2) 20.000
2
fy (N/mm ) 500.000
Moment (M) KNm 37.984
Mu/bd2 1.922
Ast(reqd) mm2 680.074
Ast(prov) mm2 1225.674
a 23.000
b 1.000
g 1.503
d 1.000
l 1.000
abgdl 34.576
Reqd (L/d) 124.125
L/d 29.196
Check ok

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Design Sheet

Footing Design

TABLE: Joint Reactions

Load Unfactored-
Story Grid FX FY FZ MX MY
Case/Combo Fz
Base A1 DCon2 3.98 6.85 239.43 4.43 2.62 159.62
Base B1 DCon2 -2.21 3.43 274.63 2.29 -1.36 183.09
Base C1 DCon2 2.4 3.31 274.18 2.17 1.58 182.79
Base D1 DCon2 -3.86 6.58 238.89 4.13 -2.44 159.26
Base A2 DCon2 1.7 -0.12 375.76 -0.05 1.21 250.51
Base B2 DCon2 -1.27 0.25 370.88 0.19 -0.73 247.25
Base C2 DCon2 1.47 0.07 367.5 0.02 1 245.00
Base D2 DCon2 -1.55 -0.48 370.84 -0.42 -0.98 247.23
Base A3 DCon2 1.76 0.82 463.86 0.52 1.21 309.24
Base B3 DCon2 -1.74 0.45 450.92 0.27 -1.07 300.61
Base C3 DCon2 1.06 0.05 384.95 -0.05 0.71 256.63
Base D3 DCon2 -1.66 0.13 369 -0.07 -1.07 246.00
Base A4 DCon2 4.34 -7.2 293.84 -4.61 2.83 195.89
Base B4 DCon2 -2.67 3.83 334.84 -2.5 -1.65 223.23
Base C4 DCon2 2.24 3.47 303.56 -2.36 1.47 202.37
Base D4 DCon2 -3.99 6.85 238.91 -4.56 -2.52 159.27

Strap Footing Design

Strap Footing Design example is shown for Column C1 and D1. Similarly the strap footing for
column C2 and D2, C3 and D3, and C4 and D4 can be done. The tabulated design result is shown
in table above.

Length(mm) Breadth (mm) Area(mm2) Load(KN) Factoredc/c

load(KN)
distance(m)
Column D (D1) 304.8 304.8 92903.04 160.000 240.000 3.048
Column C (C1) 304.8 304.8 92903.04 183.000 274.500
Safe Bearing pressure = 150 KN/m2 343 514.5

Concrete Grade= M 20
Steel Grade= Fe 500

Page 21 of 37
Design Sheet

4110.4
i) Selecting trial footing depths:
Assume footing thickness= 457 mm 3048 910 757.6

D1 CG C1 B= 1820 304.8

ii) Proportioning footing dimensions: 304.8 1421.8 910 757.6

Area required, Areq= 2.29 m2
Then, BL1+BL2= 2.29 m2
L1= 1520.0 L2= 1820.00
The distance from the resultant of the column forces to the center of column C1 is given as:
x'= 1.422 m
Center of gravity of the two footings should coincide with the resultant of the two column loads
to ensure uniform soil pressure below the two footings
Taking moments of footing areas about the center of column B;
x'= BL1( 3.2004 -L1/2 )
(BL1+BL2)
1.422 =BL1( 3.2004 -L1/2
2.29
Let, B= 1.82 m 5.97 5FT
From quadratic equation,
a= 0.91
b= -5.824728
c= 3.25
Solving.
L1= 5.78 rejected
0.62 approved
Assume, L1= 1.52 m 4.99
L2= -0.26 Area= 6.0788 m2 Ok
Assume, L2= 1.82 m 5.97

column Area Req Area prov

A 1.07 2.77 OK
B 1.22 3.31 OK

iii)Evaluation of factored net soil pressure under the footings:

qu(net)= 84.64 KN/m2

iv)Design column footings for beam shear and moment:

Effective depth,d= 401 mm

A-Exterior footing:
Shear force, Vu= 45.88 KN
Shear stressTv= 0.08 N/mm2

B-Interior footing:
Shear force, Vu= 54.93 KN
Shear stressTv= 0.08 N/mm2

Provided percentage area of tension steel, p = 0.19 %

Permissible shear stress, tc = 0.33 N/mm2 > 0.08 N/mm2 O.K.

Page 22 of 37
Design Sheet

Punching shear need not to be considered due to presence of the strap beam

Bending Moment
A-Exterior footing:
Bending moment, Mu= 36.9 KNm
Effective depth required,d= 93.81 mm OK

Ast required
a= 7.155
b= -174435
c= 36919945.27
Solving.
ASt= 24167.28 rejected
213.52 mm2 total approved
140.48 mm2/m

Provide ø 12 mm bars 150 mm c/c

steel = 753.6 mm2 > required ok

B-interior footing:
Bending moment, Mu= 44.2 KNm
Effective depth required,d= 93.81 mm

Ast required
a= 5.975
b= -174435
c= 44206776.57
Solving.
ASt= 28937.13 rejected
255.67 mm2 total approved
140.48 mm2/m

Provide ø 12 mm bars 150 mm c/c

steel = 753.6 mm2 > required ok 154.04 154.04

Min. area of steel @ 0.12 % = 548.4 mm2

Provide ø 12 mm bars 150 mm c/c at both top and bottom, giving area of
steel = 753.60 mm2 > required ok

Page 23 of 37
Design Sheet

v)Design of strap beam for moment and shear:

For moment and shear
Let breadth of beam= 0.355 m
Let depth of beam= 0.6 m
Effective depth= 540 mm
Shear forces at:
A 0 KN 0
B -23.48 KN 23.476
C 216.52 KN 216.52
D 0 KN 0
E 5.856 KN 5.8563 5.8563 KN
F -134.32 KN 134.32
G 140.18 140.18 134.32
H 0 0 B E F
Maximum moment occurs where SF is zero.ie at y 23.5 D 5.9
Moments at different points are given as: A H
y= 1.33 m y G
140.18
A 0 KNm hogging moment -ve C
B -1.79 KNm 216.52
D 149.96 KNm
E 150.27 KNm
F -5.33 KNm 216.52 = 5.86
G -63.78 KNm y 1.3676 -y
H 0 KNm 149.96
150.27
Effective depth required for beam= 391.22 mm
Ok -5.33
Ast required at point of maximum sagging moment ie at D
-1.79 -63.78
a= 30.634
b= -234900
c= 149963960.24
Solving.
ASt= 6965.16 rejected
702.84 mm2 total approved

Provide ø 16 mm bars, No. reqd.=

3.50
12 mm bars, No. reqd.=
0.88
Provide 3 nos. of 16 mm barsAst provided=
603.2 mm2
2 nos. of 12 mm barsAst provided=
226.2 mm3
829.4
OK
Ast required at point of maximum hogging moment ie at G

a= 30.634
b= -234900
c= 63781055.39
Solving.
ASt= 7386.11 rejected
281.89 mm2 total approved

Provide ø 16 mm bars, No. reqd.=

1.40
12 mm bars, No. reqd.=
-2.84
Provide 3 nos. of 16 mm barsAst provided=
603.2 mm2
0 nos. of 12 mm barsAst provided= 0.0 mm3
603.2
OK

Page 24 of 37
Design Sheet

Check for shear

Shear force,Vu= 216.52 KN
Shear stress,Tv= 1.13 N/mm2
Provided percentage area of tension steel, p = 0.31 %
2
Permissible shear stress, tc = 0.421 N/mm2 < 1.13 N/mm O.K.
Shear reinforcement is required. Shear reinforcement shall be provided to carry
a shear force of
Vus = Vu - tc . bw . D = 135878 N
Assuming f 10 mm 4-legged vertical stirrups having area of steel, Asv = 314 mm2

Spacing, S = 175 mm c/c

Hence provide f 10 mm 4-legged vertical stirrups @ 175 mm c/c at support and
175 mm c/c at mid span

Isolated Footing design

Project Isolated Footing Design

Client
Location A3,B3

concrete grade M20 Safe Bearing Capacity 150 KN/m^2

fck 20000 KN/m^2
size of column
Steel grade Fe500 d1 304.8 mm
fy 500000 KN/m^2 d2 304.8 mm
size of footing
Conc unit weight 25 KN/m^3 D1 1823 mm
D2 1823 mm
soil unit weight 17 KN/m^3 Depth of footing 1524 mm
Overall Thickness of footing 455 mm
Diameter of bar 12 mm Clear Cover of footing 50 mm
Effective depth of footing 405 mm

DESIGN OK

Page 25 of 37
Design sheet

Page 26 of 37
Design sheet

DESIGN FOR FLEXURE

Factored load for flexure 134.89 KN
Factored Moment 51.20 KNm per m
Area of steel 296.01 mm^2
Diameter of bar 12.00 mm
Required Spacing of Bar 500.00 mm
Adopted Spacing of Bar 150.00 mm
Per of Steel provided in flexure 0.19 % Flexure Check OK

CHECK FOR DEVELOPMENT LENGTH

fy 500 N/mm^2
dia of steel 12 mm
τbd 1.92 N/mm^2
Required development length 600 mm
Available development length 759.1 mm Development Check OK

CHECK FOR BEARING STRESS

Area of column(A1) 92903.04 mm^2
Area of footing(A2) 3323329 mm^2
(A1/A2)^(1/2) 2
Permissible bearing stress 18 N/mm^2
Actual Bearing Stress 6.36 N/mm^2 Bearing Stress Check OK

Actual reinforcement provided higher of flexure and one way

shear
Diameter of steel 12 mm
Adopted Spacing of Bar 150.00 mm
Area of Steel 980.18 mm^2

Page 27 of 37
Design sheet

ETAB OUTPUT
Fig. 3D view of building

Fig. Wall load on beam

Page 28 of 37
Design sheet

Fig. Bending Moment Diagram of beams and columns (1.5DL +1.5LL)

Fig. Maximum story displacement

Page 29 of 37
BEAM REINFORCING IN PLINTH LEVEL

Page 30 of 37
BEAM REINFORCING IN FIRST FLOOR

Page 31 of 37
BEAM REINFORCING IN SECOND FLOOR

Page 32 of 37
BEAM REINFORCING IN STAIRCASE COVER

Page 33 of 37
REINFORCING IN COLUMN LINE A-A

Page 34 of 37
REINFORCING IN COLUMN LINE B-B

Page 35 of 37
REINFORCING IN COLUMN LINE C-C

Page 36 of 37
REINFORCING IN COLUMN LINE D-D

Page 37 of 37