&
Project Overview
The aim of this project report is to estimate and calculate the
approximate design of a 1MW solar PV power plant (utility scale).
The total no. of solar panel required and the different parameters
of the solar panel estimated. A site in West Bengal is taken
virtually to estimate the solar intensity of the site which is most
important for calculation of such type of report.
A Single Line Diagram (SLD) has been introduced in this report.
Also the brief details of the materials/equipments (solar panels,
inverters, protective gears, transformer, SCADA etc.) used to set
up a 1MW power plant have been highlighted.
A financial overview with a possible income datasheet included in
the project report
Please give your feedback via email to this email address:
amrit.mandal0191@gmail.com
1
Contents
2. Financial overview
i. Solar panel
ii. Inverter
v. Transformer
2
1. Aim of the project
Aim of this paper is to give an overview of a 1MW solar PV power plant (utility
scale).
The benefits and the installation cost details are highlighted in the next article.
3
2. Financial Overview
Installation cost, total project cost, maintenance cost and also the total & net
income from the plant over a year are highlighted in this article.
Installation cost
1. Solar panels
i. German tech. 5.93 cr
ii. China tech. 4.1 cr
2. Central inverters(4) 1 cr
3. Combiner + junction boxes 30 lacs
4. Protective gears arrangment 10 lacs
5. SCADA & Data logger system 10 lacs
6. Land bank 5 lacs (approx.)
7. Erection of project 10 lacs
8. Total project cost
i. For German Tech. 7.58 cr
ii. For China Tech 5.75 cr
Maintenance cost
1. Human resource 20 lacs/ year
4
Income from the 1 MW solar PV plant
The site chosen in West Bengal where daily sun hours=5 hrs through
out the year.
Maximum Solar intensity on the site= 6.18 KW-h/m2/day
Total sunny days available in west Bengal = 255 days
Govt. subsidiaries :
Central govt. or MNRE dept. will pay 30% of the total project cost or
provide low bank loan interest (whichever is less)
For this project, by taking the 30% govt. subsidy over the installation
cost, investment will be:
i. 5.30 cr for German PV technology
ii. 4.02 cr for China PV technology
5
Variation of market price index solar PV modules:
From august, 2011 to august, 2012
6
Price trends June 2012
Module type, €/ Trend since 2012- Trend since 2012-
origin Wp 05 01
Crystalline 0.93 - 3.1 % - 13.1 %
Germany
Crystalline China 0.66 - 4.3 % - 16.5 %
7
Price trends March 2012
Module type, €/ Trend since 2012- Trend since 2012-
origin Wp 02 01
Crystalline 1.02 - 1.0 % - 4.7 %
Germany
Crystalline China 0.74 - 3.9 % - 6.3 %
8
Price trends December 2011
Module type, €/ Trend since 2011- Trend since 2011-
origin Wp 11 01
Crystalline 1.12 - 4.8 % - 34.4 %
Germany
Crystalline China 0.81 - 4.3 % - 44.9 %
9
Price trends September 2011
Module type, €/ Trend since 2011- Trend since 2011-
origin Wp 08 01
Crystalline 1.33 - 4.4 % - 22.2 %
Germany
Crystalline China 0.98 - 6.0 % - 33.5 %
10
market scenario of solar PV modules
1.6
aug,2012
1.4
jul,2012
1.2 jun,2012
1 may,2012
EURO/Wp
apr,2012
0.8
mar,2012
0.6
feb,2012
0.4
jan,2012
0.2 dec,2011
0 nov,2011
Crystalline Crystalline Crystalline Thin film Thin film a- Thin film a- oct,2011
Germany China japan CdS/CdTe Si Si/µ-Si
11
Calculation details of solar modules overall ratings
and no. of solar panel used
**for better efficiency and to utilize the inverter and other components better we
should consider the no. of solar panel=3240
12
Solar PV arrangement & overall system rating
Rating of solar panel
Wattp (W) 300Wp
DC Voltage (Vmp( V)) 36.72V
DC Current (Imp (A)) 8.17A
Open Circuit Voltage (Voc (V)) 45.50
Short Circuit Current (Isc (A)) 8.65
From 3236 panels, total 3240 panels are considered to generate the required energy-
1MW.
Configuration details:
3240 panels are divided into 4 groups- each group containing 810 solar panels.
In each group, 810 panels are further divided into 54 strings
Each string contains 15 solar panels.
Electrical calculation:
Output voltage of each string 36.72x15=550.8 VDC
Output current of each string 8.17 ADC
Output voltage of each group 550.8 VDC
Output current of each group 8.17x54=441.18 ADC
NOTE: in each string, the solar panels are connected in series to increase the voltage. And
in each group, the 54 strings are connected in parallel to increase the current.
13
The above specifications are available with TITAN ENERGY SYSTEMS LTD.
Their module spec TITAN M6-72 Polycrystalline (high efficiency) has been
used as a reference.
A datasheet/spec. sheet of TITAN M6-72 Polycrystalline has been provided in
this report.
Please go through it for more details.
14
Titan Energy Systems Ltd
a member of SARSA group
An ISO 9001:2008 Certified Company
NOTE: The data presented may change due to further improvements in the product.
15
PV Module TITAN M6-72
Typical I-V Curves
10.0
1000 W/m2 at 25O C
8.0 2 O
800 W/m at 25 C
Current (A)
6.0
600 W/m2 at 25O C
4.0 2 O
400 W/m at 25 C
Dimensions
Sl.No.Label
100+1mm
Terminal Box 237.5+1 mm
DATA Label
Warning Label
592+1mm
375+1 mm
3.9 mm Ø EARTHING
Embossed HOLES - 2 nos
Earth Symbol (One on each long member)
8X12- MOUNTING
SLOTS - 10 nos 100+1mm
591+1mm (5 on each long member) 1975± 1 mm
1975 ± 1mm
943.5+1 mm
100+1mm
50+0.5 mm 100+1 mm
988± 1 mm 988+1 mm
FRAME
FRONT VIEW SIDE RAIL REAR VIEW
PV Module Products
M6-72 Family Series (305Wp to 125Wp) : M6-72, M6-60, M6-54 & M6-36 - Certified for IEC Standards
M6-60: Certified for UL (USA & Canada) Standard; M6-72: Certification for UL (USA & Canada) is in Progress
S6-60 Family Series (250Wp to 120Wp) : S6-60, S6-54 & S6-36 - Certified for IEC Standards
S6-60 - Certified for UL (USA & Canada) Standard
S6-72 Family Series (300Wp to 285Wp) : Certification for IEC & UL (USA & Canada) Standards
S5-96 Family Series (250Wp to 75Wp) : S5-96, S5-72, S5-60, S5-54 & S5-36 - Certified for IEC Standards
16 www.titan-energy.com
Inverter Details & Specification
Type of the inverter: central inverter considered
Recommended specification
Input (DC)
Max input power 300 kWp
DC voltage range, mpp (UDC) 450 to 750 V (- 825 V)
Maximum DC voltage (Umax (DC)) 900 V (1000 V)
Maximum DC current (Imax (DC)) 600 A
Voltage ripple < 3%
Number of protected DC inputs (parallel) 2 (+/-) / 8
Output (AC)
17
Solar inverters
ABB central inverters raise reliability, Based on ABB’s highly successful Highlights
efficiency and ease on installation to platform of industrial drives - the most − High efficiency and long operating life
new levels. The inverters are aimed widely used industrial drives on the − Modular and compact product design
at system integrators and end users market – the inverters are the most − Extensive DC and AC side protection
who require high performance solar efficient and cost-effective way to − Power factor compensation as
inverters for large photovoltaic power convert the direct current generated standard
plants and industrial and commercial by solar modules into high-quality and − Fast and easy installation
buildings. The inverters are available CO 2-free alternating current that can be − Complete range of industrial-type
from 100 kW up to 500 kW, and are fed into the power network. data communication options,
optimized for cost-efficient multi- including remote monitoring
megawatt power plants. Solar inverters from ABB − Life cycle service and support
ABB central inverters are ideal for through ABB’s extensive global
World’s leading inverter platform large photovoltaic power plants and service network
The ABB solar inverters have been medium sized power plants installed
developed on the basis of decades in commercial or industrial buildings.
of experience in the industry and High efficiency, proven components,
proven technology platform. Unrivalled compact and modular design and a
expertise from the world’s market and host of life cycle services ensures ABB
technology leader in variable speed AC central inverters provide a rapid return
and DC drives is the hallmark of the on investment.
new solar inverter series.
18
ABB central inverters
Maximum energy and feed-in revenues fieldbus connection and integrated DC
ABB central inverters have a high cabinets. The inverters are customized
efficiency level. Optimized and accurate and configured to meet end user needs
system control and a maximum power and are available with short delivery times.
point tracking (MPPT) algorithm ensure
that maximum energy is delivered to the Effective connectivity
power network from the solar modules. ABB’s transformerless central inverter
For end users this generates the highest series enables system integrators to
possible revenues from the feed-in design the solar power plant using a
tariffs now common in many countries. combination of different power rating
inverters, which are connected to the
Proven ABB components medium voltage grid centrally.
The inverters comprise proven ABB
components with a long track record of In certain conditions, the ABB central
performance excellence in demanding inverter’s topology allows a parallel
applications and harsh environments. connection directly to the AC side,
Equipped with extensive electrical and enabling electricity to be fed to the grid
mechanical protection, the inverters via a single transformer. This avoids the
are engineered to provide a long and need for each central inverter to have
reliable service life of at least 20 years. its own transformer, thereby saving cost
and space. However, in systems where
Compact and modular design the DC side needs to be grounded,
The inverters are designed for fast and an inverter dedicated winding within a
easy installation. The industrial design transformer, or a separate transformer,
and modular platform provides a wide must be used always.
range of options like remote monitoring,
19
ABB central inverter design and grid connection
PVS800 inverter
EMC
EMC
Filter
filter
filter
3
Control
and
monitor
PVS800 inverter
EMC
EMC
Filter
filter
filter
Control
and
monitor
9)
Optional
10)
Frosting is not allowed. May need optional cabinet heating.
11)
Power derating after 40 °C
12)
Power derating above 1000 m. Above 2000 m special requirements.
13)
At partial power typically < 70 dBA
Product flyer for PVS800 | ABB solar inverters 3
20
ABB central inverter data communication principle
Field bus
Medium voltage
Modbus transformers Adapter module
Internet
Remote PC
3-phase 20 kV
250 kWp solar array 250 kWp solar array
Central inverter Central inverter
www.abb.com/solar
www.abb.com
21
Protection and safety measurements
A schematic of the protection system
22
The main protections and protective gears are named here.
DC Side Protection
1. Fuses
2. Fuse holders-
4. DC switch
5. Cooling devices
7. Ground-fault protection
23
AC Side Protection
1. Circuit breaker
2. Bar contractor
24
For safety purpose and protection of the modules
and plant equipments , protective gears from
Schneider Electric have been considered for
maximum benefits.
Details of safety measurements and protective
gears provided by Schneider Electric given in
their official website.
25
Solar SCADA system
Data acquisition system for a solar plant is very important because it is important to
monitor the over all system condition including input/output condition, temperature, solar
insolation, weather condition, voltage/current fluctuation, output power condition, surge
effect, load dispatch etc.
So, in this point of view a compact system with well service provider need to be pointed
out.
ABB provides the monitoring facility/SCADA for solar (PV) power plants and the ABB
inverter itself has an in-built SCADA system.
So, for monitoring and controlling of the over all power system of
the plant, ABB SOLAR SCADA system is recommended here.
26
Block diagram & SLD
Block diagram representation of the system with SCADA &
Data Logger facility
27
YIELD ASSESSMENT OF THE PHOTOVOLTAIC POWER PLANT
Report number: PV-2037-1209-6
Issued: 23 September 2012 01:12 CET (GMT +0100)
Annual global in-plane irradiation: 1942 kWh/m2 Annual average electricity production: 1470.7 MWh
Annual air temperature at 2 m: 26.3 °C Average performance ratio: 75.8%
3. Geographic position
Left: Path of the Sun over a year. Terrain horizon (drawn by grey filling) and module horizon (blue filling) may have
shading effect on solar radiation. Black dots show True Solar Time. Blue labels show Local Clock Time.
Right: Change of the day length and solar zenith angle during a year. The local day length (time when the Sun is above the
horizon) is shorter compared to the astronomical day length, if obstructed by higher terrain horizon.
Gim Monthly sum of global irradiation [kWh/m2] Shloss Losses of global irradiation by terrain shading [%]
Gid Daily sum of global irradiation [kWh/m2]
Did Daily sum of diffuse irradiation [kWh/m2]
Rid Daily sum of reflected irradiation [kWh/m2]
© 2012 GeoModel Solar s.r.o. Report number: PV-2037-1209-6 Issued: 23 September 2012 01:12 CET (GMT +0100) page 2 of 4
Site: Durgapur, India, lat/lon: 23.5438°/87.3791°
PV system: 1000.0 kWp, crystalline silicon, fixed 2 angles, azim. 180° (south), inclination W 48°, S 17°
Esm Monthly sum of specific electricity prod. [kWh/kWp] Eshare Percentual share of monthly electricity prod. [%]
Esd Daily sum of specific electricity prod. [kWh/kWp] PR Performance ratio [%]
Etm Monthly sum of total electricity prod. [MWh]
Energy conversion step Energy output Energy loss Energy loss Performance ratio
[kWh/kWp] [kWh/kWp] [%] [partial %] [cumul. %]
1. Global in-plane irradiation (input) 1941 - - 100.0 100.0
2. Global irradiation reduced by terrain shading 1941 0 0.0 100.0 100.0
3. Global irradiation reduced by reflectivity 1886 -55 -2.8 97.2 97.2
4. Conversion to DC in the modules 1637 -249 -13.2 86.8 84.3
5. Other DC losses 1547 -90 -5.5 94.5 79.7
6. Inverters (DC/AC conversion) 1508 -39 -2.5 97.5 77.7
7. Transformer and AC cabling losses 1486 -22 -1.5 98.5 76.6
8. Reduced availability 1471 -15 -1.0 99.0 75.8
Total system performance 1471 -470 -24.2 - 75.8
Losses at steps 2 to 4 are numerically modeled by pvPlanner. Losses at steps 5 to 8 are to be assessed by a user. The simulation
models have inherent uncertainties that are not discussed in this report. Read more about simulation methods and related uncertainties
to evaluate possible risks at http://solargis.info/doc/pvplanner/.
© 2012 GeoModel Solar s.r.o. Report number: PV-2037-1209-6 Issued: 23 September 2012 01:12 CET (GMT +0100) page 3 of 4
Site: Durgapur, India, lat/lon: 23.5438°/87.3791°
PV system: 1000.0 kWp, crystalline silicon, fixed 2 angles, azim. 180° (south), inclination W 48°, S 17°
SolarGIS is high-resolution climate database operated by GeoModel Solar s.r.o. with geographical extent covering Europe, Africa and
Asia. Primary data layers include solar radiation, air temperature and terrain (elevation, horizon).
Air temperature at 2 m: developed from CFSR data (© NOAA NCEP); years: 1991 - 2009; recalculated to 15-minute values. The data
are spatially enhanced to 1 km resolution to reflect variability induced by high resolution terrain.
Solar radiation: calculated from Meteosat satellite data; years: 1999 - 2011; 30-minute values - global horizontal and direct normal
irradiance.
This estimation assumes year having 365 days. Occasional deviations in calculations may occur as a result of mathematical rounding
and cannot be considered as a defect of algorithms. More information about the applied data and algorithms can be found at:
http://solargis.info/doc/pvplanner/.
GeoModel Solar s.r.o., Milana Marečka 3, 84107 Bratislava, Slovakia; Registration ID: 45 354 766, VAT Number: SK2022962766;
Registration: Business register, District Court Bratislava I, Section Sro, File 62765/B
This report shows solar power estimation in the start-up phase of a PV system. The estimates are accurate enough for small and
medium-size PV systems. For large projects planning and financing, more information may be needed:
1. Statistical distribution and uncertainty of solar radiation
2. Detailed specification of a PV system
3. Interannual variability and P90 uncertainty of PV production
4. Lifetime energy production considering performance degradation of PV components.
More information about full PV yield assessment can be found at: http://solargis.info/doc/pvreports/.
Considering the nature of climate fluctuations, interannual and long-term changes, as well as the uncertainty of measurements and
calculations, GeoModel Solar s.r.o. cannot take full guarantee of the accuracy of estimates. The maximum possible has been done for
the assessment of climate conditions based on the best available data, software and knowledge. GeoModel Solar s.r.o. shall not be
liable for any direct, incidental, consequential, indirect or punitive damages arising or alleged to have arisen out of use of the provided
report.
This report is copyright to © 2012 GeoModel Solar s.r.o., all rights reserved.
SolarGIS® is a trade mark of GeoModel Solar s.r.o.
This report has been generated by Mr. AMRIT MANDAL, KOLKATA, 700023 WEST BENGAL, India
© 2012 GeoModel Solar s.r.o. Report number: PV-2037-1209-6 Issued: 23 September 2012 01:12 CET (GMT +0100) page 4 of 4