Diabetes Mellitus Disease, Causes and

Symptoms
by sahlasaida Disease and Medication

Diabetes Mellitus Disease, Causes and Symptoms

Diabetes
Who is not familiar with diabetes or diabetes mellitus? Certainly almost everyone will be able
to answer if asked to name the friend or relative who suffered from the disease. This indicates
that diabetes is a familiar disease in the community. Diabetes mellitus derived from the
word diabete which means forwarding or pipes to channel water or flowing continuously,
is melitus memiiki sweet meaning, so the disease is often called diabetes. Diabetes mellitus
(DM) or also called diabetesis a metabolic disorder, especially carbohydrate metabolism
caused by the reduction or absence of the insulin hormone from pancreatic beta cells, or due to
impaired insulin function, or both. Insulinitself is an endogenous compound that has various
functions, one of which helps the transport of glucose from the blood into the cells of the body
in need. With a lack of body insulin, or lack of insulin receptor activity, the glucose derived
from the food we eat will remain in the blood. The blood so sweet, even glucose was carried
up to the urine, so the urine becomes sweet. That is the reason why diabetes mellitus is also
called "diabetes". It can be concluded that blood sugar is always high can occur because of
three things, first, the sick pancreas can not produce insulin; second, insulin work is inhibited
and the third is when the pancreas can not produce insulin at all.
Diabetes can be passed on from parents to their children, several studies have shown that
people who have a family history of diabetes have a higher rate of diabetes. The closer the
family relationship is, the greater the risk. The fact shows that those who have mothers with
diabetes have a risk of developing diabetes by 3.4 times higher, while those who have a father
with diabetes have a risk of 3.5 times higher. If both parents have diabetes, they have a risk of
developing diabetes by 6, 1 times higher. DM can be experienced by anyone, whether thin or
fat, both young and old, whether female or male.
read too:
 Effect of Diabetes on Pregnancy
 Tips for Fasting for People with Diabetes Mellitus
There are 3 types of Diabetes Mellitus (DM), which are as follows:
1. Type I DM is also called Insulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus (IDDM) or DM with insulin
dependence because the pancreas does not produce insulin from the start. Type I DM tends
to be lowered, not transmitted, occurs at an early age ie children or adolescents aged 11 to
13 years and usually there is a family history of suffering from DM. men as real sufferers
and women as carriers of genes or offspring.
2. Type II DM or Non Insulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus (NIDDM) or DM without
insulin dependence. The disease occurs because the insulin product of the pancreas is
reduced followed by the decreased sensitivity of body tissues to insulin and trjadi in
adulthood.
3. Gestational DM is a DM disease that occurs in pregnancy; actually the pregnancy itself is
normal, but there is a failure to maintain normal blood sugar levels (KGD).
What is prediabetes?
Prediabetes is a condition where blood sugar levels are higher than normal but not high
enough to be said to be diabetes. This condition is usually called diabetes borderline. Most
people who suffer from prediabetes do not show symptoms. To find out if you have diabetes
or not is to do fasting blood sugar levels. In prediabetes patients, the balance between glucose
and insulin is impaired.
People with prediabetes are at risk for developing type 2 diabetes, heart disease and
stroke. But the good news is that if you have pradiabete, you can reduce your risk of
developing diabetes. With moderate weight loss and activity, you can delay or prevent type 2
diabetes and even return to normal glucose levels.
Causes of Diabetes Mellitus
Many things can cause diabetes or diabetes mellitus, including:
1. Insulin and Blood Sugar
Food has a very important role in increasing blood sugar levels. In the process of eating, the
food eaten will be digested and then converted to glucose. Well, this glucose will be absorbed
by the intestinal wall and then circulate in the bloodstream. This is why after eating there will
be an increase in sugar levels in daarah. Then the glucose will be distributed to the body's
cells. Insulin is a hormone produced by beta cells in the pancreas. The production is affected
by high blood sugar levels. The higher the sugar in the blood, the higher the insulin produced.
2. Diabetes genes in the family
As discussed earlier, diabetes is one of the inherited diseases. Genes are the carriers of traits
that parents can inherit to their offspring. The gene does not always come from a biological
parent, but can also come from a grandparent or a generation on it.
3. Obesity and Insulin Resistance
In people who are overweight or obese, such fatty fat cells will produce some substances that
are classified as adipocytokines in greater numbers than in non-obese states. These substances
cause insulin resistance. The size of obesity that adversely affects diabetes is determined by
measuring large waistlines.
4. Asthma, KB and Diabetes
In asthma sufferers who take asthma drugs can also trigger the occurrence of diabetes, the
hormone used in asthma medication is a steroid that works against the insulin that raises blood
sugar. High doses of steroids can cause diabetes and diabetes usually disappears when
consumption is stopped.
The contraceptive pill is one of the drugs that contain steroid hormones with low
antiinsulin. In addition to some of these hormones, the liquid drug (diuretic) may have an
antiinsulin reaction and worsen diabetes.
Recognize the Symptoms of Diabetes
Often people who get diabetes but don't realize it. This is because the symptoms appear
harmless. Before you are diagnosed with severe diabetes and the greater the likelihood of
serious complications, the following symptoms of diabetes can be a warning to lead a healthier
life.
Typical DM Complaints:
1. Frequent urination
This is because a lot of glucose in the blood causes you to urinate more often. If insulin is not
effective, or none at all, the kidneys cannot filter glucose back into the blood. The kidneys
take water from the blood to dilute glucose, which in turn fills your bladder.
2. Often feel hungry
You often feel hungry because insulin in the blood does not work properly, or does not exist at
all, and the body's cells do not get energy, your body reacts by trying to find more energy from
food.
3. Often feel thirsty
This is because you urinate more often so you need to replace the lost fluid and you will drink
more than usual.
4. Weight loss and thinness
When the body cannot get enough energy from sugar because it lacks insulin, the body will
rush to process other substances in the body to be converted into energy. These altered
substances are fat and protein. If this lasts long enough, people will look thin and lose weight
because of the deposits of fat and protein stored in muscle tissue and fat loss in mass.
No Typical Complaints DM
1. Increased fatigue
If insulin does not work properly, or does not exist at all, glucose will not enter cells and
provide energy. It will make you feel tired and listless.
2. Easy to get angry
Irritability can be caused by energy loss
3. Blurred vision
Blurred vision is caused by tissue being pulled from the lens of your eye, and affecting the
ability of your eyes to focus.
4. Wounds and bruises do not heal quickly
If your injuries and bruises don't heal or take a long time than usual to recover, you should be
alert if you have a lot of sugar (glucose) in your body.
5. Infection is difficult to heal
The amount of blood sugar in the body can make infection difficult to heal. Women who have
diabetes will find it very difficult to recover from bladder and vaginal infections, as well as
skin.
6. Numbness or tingling, especially in the feet and hands
If the blood sugar is too much in the body, then the nerve can become damaged. You may
experience tingling and / or numbness in the hands and feet.
7. Sexual dysfunction in men
If you are more than 50 years old and are constantly or constantly experiencing sexual
dysfunction (erectile dysfunction), it can be a symptom of diabetes.
8. Itchy skin
Itching on the skin is sometimes also a symptom of diabetes
9. Often getting gum / infection and gums are very red
If your gums are soft, red and or swollen this can be a sign of symptoms of diabetes
People at risk for suffering from diabetes mellitus
Who are the people who are at risk of suffering from DM? People who are at risk of suffering
from diabetes are people who have several factors as follows:
1. Hereditary factors. There is a family history or parents suffering from DM
2. Overweight or obesity.
3. History of pancreatic infection. A disease of infection in the pancreas that affects insulin-
producing Beta cells. Infection that causes damage is usually caused
by Rubella virus (German measles), Mump (mumps), CMV ( Citomegalovirus ),
and Koksaki Virus
4. Usually for type II diabetes occurs at the age of 40 years.
5. Dietary habit. The incidence of DM in Jews is quite low because of the low carbohydrate
diet of high protein. Africans eat lots of charcoal with high fiber diet, so the incidence of
DM is also low.
6. Endocrinopathic history. There is a history of hormone disruption against insulin, such as
elevation of glucagon, growth hormone, thyroxine, cortisone, and adrenaline.
7. Drug consumption. History of taking drugs in a long time, eg adrenaline, diuretics,
cartocosteroids, thyroid extract, contraceptive drugs.
8. Genetic syndrome. People with genetic syndromes, such as down syndrome, klinefelter
syndrome, turner syndrome.
9. Gestational DM. Gestational DM occurs in:
1. Pregnant women aged> 30 years
2. Multiparity (often pregnant and maternity)
3. Obese pregnant women with weight when pregnant> 20% of ideal body weight
4. In pregnant women who are often aborted and urinary examination occurs glucosuri
or the presence of sugar in the urine.
5. There are family members who suffer from DM
6. There is a history of stillbirth or giving birth to a baby weighing> 4,000 grams
7. On blood examination found HDL (High Density Lipoprotein) <= 35 mg / dl and
trigliserid 250 mg / dl.